Mission at Nuremberg (42 page)

177  
educated in public schools:
Kelley,
22 Cells at Nuremberg,
p. 81.

177  
kept him out . . . “the soul is saved”:
Goldensohn,
Nuremberg Interviews,
pp. 47–50.

178  
He was an editor . . . sovereign lands:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
pp. 531–532.

178  
Ministry of Propaganda's Radio Division:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 85.

178  
anti-Semitism . . . drafting of German children:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
pp. 537–550.

179  
“Don't expect me . . .”:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

179  
a boyish smile:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

180  
also married an American girl:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 285n.

180  
Baldur was born in Berlin:
Ibid., p. 286.

180  
six million Hitler Youth members:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 272.

180  
the future of the SS:
Ibid., and Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 290.

180  
“That is the greatest thing . . .”:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 287.

180  
“Fuehrer, my Fuehrer . . .”:
Ibid., p. 288.

181  
“Jew-ridden”:
Ibid., p. 304.

181  
the “removal” of Jews:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 273.

181  
English author Houston Stewart Chamberlain:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 305.

181  
“I have rethought . . .”:
Goldensohn,
Nuremberg Interviews,
p. 245.

181  
“ . . . will you commune me?”:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

181  
“I shall never forget . . .”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

181  
white sheet covering a table:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

181  
left the chaplain to his business:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

182  
“My only answer . . .”:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

 

CHAPTER 8

183  
“To be able to do harm . . .”:
Erasmus,
Enchiridon
, p. 72.

183  
Robert Jackson threw:
Persico,
Nuremberg,
pp. 181–182.

184  
“Most of us had no idea
. . .”:
Fritzsche,
Sword in the Scales,
p. 123.

184  
to get the defendants' families:
Andrus and Zwar,
I Was the Nuremberg Jailer,
pp. 112–113.

184  
Christmas carols in the courtyard:
“Justice Jackson in Holy Land.”

184  
was taken by American soldiers:
Schirach,
Price of Glory
, pp. 105–110.

185  
Speer was twenty on Christmas Eve:
Speer,
Spandau,
pp. 31–32.

186  
fish, bread, and tea:
“Menus, Nuremberg prison, 17 June 1945 to 30 April 1946.”

186  
“I've often thought about . . .”:
Gilbert,
Nuremberg Diary,
p. 87.

186  
“The silence in the big prison
. . .”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

186  
Newspapers from across the world:
Fritzsche,
Sword in the Scales,
p. 124.

187  
Gerecke led his congregation:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

187  
A tiny Christmas tree:
Fritzsche,
Sword in the Scales,
pp. 124–125.

187  
The SS organist began:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

187  
“And she brought forth . . .”:
Luke 2, American King James Version.

188  
“We never took time . . .”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

189  
“Again and again I noticed how . . .”:
Fritzsche,
Sword in the Scales,
p. 126.

189  
“Prayers, hell! . . .”:
Gilbert,
Nuremberg Diary,
p. 125.

189  
“longed for a German pastor”:
Schacht,
Confessions of “The Old Wizard,”
p. 404.

189  
“a non-descript kind of place . . .”:
Fritzsche,
Sword in the Scales,
pp. 126–127.

190  
Gerecke visited Emmy Goering:
Gerecke, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” February 1946.

190  
Gerecke conducted services:
Ibid., May 1946.

191  
who preferred his books:
Goldensohn,
Nuremberg Interviews,
p. 20.

191  
the chief legal authority:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 427.

191  
as Hitler's personal attorney:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 78.

191  
“nomadic labor” class
. . . 85 percent of the Jews:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
pp. 432–438.

193  
O'Connor rebaptized Frank:
Niklas Frank interview.

193  
Franz Werfel's novel:
Conot,
Justice at Nuremberg,
p. 502.

193  
Ernst was born in 1903:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 322.

193  
he and Adolf Eichmann:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 166.

193  
married, and had three children:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 322.

193  
commander of the Austrian SS:
Ibid., and Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 166.

193  
named head of the Reich Security Main Office:
Taylor,
Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials,
p. 360.

193  
suddenly found himself controlling:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 316, and Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 316.

194  
Kaltenbrunner was a giant man:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
pp. 116–117.

194  
more like a block:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 318.

194  
smoked a hundred cigarettes:
Ibid., p. 320.

194  
Kaltenbrunner's square chin:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 166.

194  
a clipped, precise manner:
Goldensohn,
Nuremberg Interviews,
p. 150.

194  
thin lips and crooked teeth:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 318.

194  
from a duel he fought:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 166.

194  
shattered windshield of his car:
Kelley,
22 Cells at Nuremberg,
p. 135.

194  
his face was pockmarked:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 316.

194  
his eyes were narrow and brown:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 318.

194  
“looked like a vicious horse”:
Taylor,
Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials,
p. 360.

194  
Himmler was afraid of Kaltenbrunner:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 318.

194  
intrigued by the gas chambers:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 167.

194  
“He was a gangster . . .”:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 318.

194  
“ . . . anyone might be his victim”:
Ibid., p. 320.

195  
thirty prisoners died:
Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 946.

196  
oversaw seven SS officers:
Ibid., p. 949.

196  
The
volksdeutsche
:
Lechner and Dürr, “Mauthausen Subcamp System,” p. 905.

196  
the SS shipped bodies:
“Construction of Mauthausen concentration camp.” Plaque. Mauthausen Memorial. Mauthausen, Austria.

196  
Mauthausen was classified:
Waite, “Gusen (with Gusen II and Gusen III),” p. 901.

196  
“camps for murder”:
Lechner and Dürr, “Mauthausen Subcamp System,” p. 905.

197  
prisoners arrived from:
Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 946.

197  
Ziereis ordered 263 Czechs:
Waite, “Gusen (with Gusen II and Gusen III),” p. 901.

197  
Twenty-one thousand people:
Ibid., pp. 900–901.

197  
Typhoid and dysentery epidemics:
Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 948.

197  
the highest death rate:
Lechner and Dürr, “Mauthausen Subcamp System,” p. 905.

197  
to dig the massive caverns:
Ibid.

197  
could kill up to 80 people:
Hagen Regional Court cited in Freund and Greifeneder, Mauthausen Memorial.

198  
marked a cross on the chest:
Freund and Greifeneder.

198  
he'd never seen the gas chamber:
TMWC, Vol. 11, p. 321.

198  
SS company German Earth and Stone Works:
Marsálek and Hacker,
Concentration Camp Mauthausen,
pp. 9–10.

198  
the Wiener Graben quarry:
Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 946.

198  
as little as sixty pounds:
Marsálek and Hacker,
Concentration Camp Mauthausen,
p. 14.

198  
Hundreds more simply froze:
Ibid., p. 15.

199  
“I saw from my watchtower . . .”:
TMWC, Vol. 4, p. 388.

199  
version of Josef Mengele:
Rising, “On Trail of Most Wanted Nazi.”

200  
Guards drove gas vans:
Waite, “Gusen (with Gusen II and Gusen III),” p. 901.

200  
hundreds of prisoners to Hartheim:
“The Concentration Camp System at Mauthausen.” Plaque. Mauthausen Memorial. Mauthausen, Austria.

200  
10,000 Hungarian Jews arrived:
Waite, “Gusen (with Gusen II and Gusen III),” p. 901.

200  
known as the Thunderbolt:
Craig,
11th Armored Division: Thunderbolt
.

201  
Amid the dust and dirt:
Steward,
Thunderbolt.

201  
joined the unit in July 1943:
O'Connor, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” September 1943 to August 1944.

201  
his unit's desert maneuvers:
Ibid., January 1944.

201  
left Staten Island on the HMS
Samaria
:
Unless otherwise noted, the description of the Eleventh's march through Europe is drawn from Steward and Craig.

202  
asked to be an interpreter:
Brian Jordan interview.

203  
“when the ground forces . . .”:
Technical Manual, TM 16–205: The Chaplain. U.S. Army
, July 1944, p. 64.

203  
“the troops I serve . . .”:
O'Connor, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” January 1945.

203  
forty-six letters of condolence:
Ibid., February 1945.

204  
He also earned a Bronze Star:
Conley, “Award of Bronze Star Medal.”

205  
evidence of cannibalism:
Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 951.

206  
de facto medical personnel:
Pike,
Spaniards in the Holocaust,
p. 242.

207  
even the liberators had to be held back:
Pike,
Spaniards in the Holocaust,
p. 240.

207  
they slit the guard's throat:
Ibid., p. 242.

208  
More than 450 died:
Ibid., p. 240.

208  
German soldiers were under attack:
Ibid., p. 243.

208  
“ . . . I conducted burial services . . .”:
O'Connor, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” May 1945.

209  
“This unit moved . . .”:
Ibid., June 1945.

209  
O'Connor told a few friends:
Brian Jordan interview.

209  
“shares the peril of battle . . .”:
Technical Manual,
p. 64.

209  
He cried nearly every time:
Kelley,
22 Cells at Nuremberg,
pp. 133–134.

210  
a minor brain hemorrhage:
Ibid., and Goldensohn,
Nuremberg Interviews,
p. 139.

210  
He was hospitalized:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 321.

210  
Kaltenbrunner's strategy:
Ibid., p. 323, Taylor,
Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials,
p. 360, and Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 318.

210  
“probably more appalling crimes . . .”
:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 317.