Mission at Nuremberg (40 page)

114  
“He stared up at the clouds . . .”:
West, “Greenhouse with Cyclamens I (1946),” p. 16.

114  
lodged in the broken roof:
Gaskin,
Eyewitnesses,
p. 103.

115  
“exhaled the stench of disinfectant . . .”:
West, “Greenhouse with Cyclamens I (1946),” p. 10.

115  
death flowed from the wreckage:
Gaskin,
Eyewitnesses,
p. 115.

115  
were miraculously untouched:
Ibid., p. 102.

115  
Resurrecting a city:
Description of the Allied rebuilding of Nuremberg comes from “Nuremberg: Historical Evolution,” pp. 7–10.

115  
uncovered caches of machine guns:
Gaskin,
Eyewitnesses,
p. 109.

117  
You sure do,
Gerecke thought:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

117  
battling Indians:
Persico,
Nuremberg,
p. 49.

117  
“the story of a lost sheep . . .”:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

117  
“ . . . to surprise you”:
Ibid.

117  
“Chaplain, just remember . . .”:
Persico,
Nuremberg,
p. 116.

 

CHAPTER 6

118  
“Beloved, never avenge . . .”:
NRSV.

118  
“ . . . I grew increasingly confused . . .”:
Speer,
Spandau,
p. 52.

119  
Andrus, who was furious:
Andrus and Zwar,
I Was the Nuremberg Jailer,
p. 53.

119  
a show of force:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
pp. 145–146.

119  
contained 530 offices:
“Memorium Nuremberg Trials.”

119  
$75 million today:
CPI.

119  
GIs removed courtroom walls:
“Memorium Nuremberg Trials.”

119  
The prison's four wings:
Schneider interview.

120  
Two of the prison's wings:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 126.

120  
Andrus oversaw about 250 people:
Andrus and Zwar,
I Was the Nuremberg Jailer,
p. 55.

120  
the ground floor of Wing Four:
Schneider interview.

120  
could be run by five guards:
Ibid.

120  
Philadelphia's Cherry Hill Prison:
“Eastern State Penitentiary.”

120  
Each cell measured:
Fritzsche,
Sword in the Scales,
pp. 17–19.

120  
a “Judas window”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

120  
a steel cot, fastened to the wall:
Description of the Nazis' cells is largely drawn from Andrus and Zwar,
I Was the Nuremberg Jailer,
pp. 68–74.

121  
created by knocking down a wall:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

122  
Guards were ordered to yell:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 127.

122  
freshly laundered underwear:
Andrus and Zwar,
I Was the Nuremberg Jailer,
p. 68.

122  
could take a hot shower:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 127.

122  
hand the prisoner a spoon:
Andrus, “Prisoner Routine, Nurnberg Jail.”

122  
Breakfast usually consisted of:
“Menus, Nuremberg prison, 17 June 1945 to 30 April 1946.”

122  
he was handed a broom:
Andrus, “Prisoner Routine, Nurnberg Jail.”

123  
a small 140-by-100-foot:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 128.

123  
followed eight paces behind:
Andrus and Zwar,
I Was the Nuremberg Jailer,
p. 67.

123  
they prepared legal defenses:
Tusa and Tusa,
Nuremberg Trial,
p. 130.

123  
A typical dinner:
“Menus.”

123  
The creation of the Nuremberg Laws:
Unless otherwise noted, the description of how the Nuremberg trials came to be come primarily from Taylor,
Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials
(pp. 4–39) and Overy, “The Nuremberg Trials.”

124  
wrote to Sir Cecil Hurst:
Pell, Letter to Sir Cecil Hurst, 8 May 1944.

127  
“considerable pressure . . .”:
Archibald King, Memorandum for the Judge Advocate General, 7 September 1944.

128  
The middle option:
Ibid.

128  
“ . . . no detailed directive . . .”:
Ibid.

130  
in the vicinity of Aachen:
Aachen's Wanted Nazis.

130  
“Assuming that there is . . .”:
Daniel, Letter to Colonel Joseph Hodgson, 4 April 1945.

131  
“We believe that whatever their guilt . . .”
:
Dean, “The statement which appears below.”

133  
outlining the plan for a major trial:
Jackson, Letter to Lord Wright of Durley, 5 July 1945.

134  
Jackson publicly stated:
Jackson,
Statement by Robert H. Jackson Representing the United States,
12 August 1945.

135  
“We are all worried about”:
Taylor, “We Are All Worried.”

136  
“complete freedom . . .”:
“Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War,” Geneva, 27 July 1929.

136  
“granted the protection . . .”:
Twelfth Army Group Headquarters.

136  
the religious rights of POWs:
European Theater of Operations Headquarters. “Standing Operating Procedure No. 49.”

136  
there are no records:
Brinsfield interview.

137  
“He'll be your assistant”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

137  
Gerecke met chaplains Sixtus O'Connor and Carl Eggers:
Ibid.

137  
“How does a man . . .”:
Venzke,
Confidence in Battle.

137  
the son of a schoolteacher:
John O'Connor interview.

137  
enjoyed a classical education:
O'Connor, Transcript of Record.

138  
interested in how modern philosophy:
O'Connor, “Augustin Gemelli,” pp. 450–451.

138  
dropped out of St. Bonaventure College:
St. Bonaventure's College and Seminary Annual Catalogue
, 1925–1926, p. 93.

139  
O'Connor professed:
Davies and Meilach,
Provincial Annals.

139  
rigged a sound system:
John O'Connor interview.

139  
was harassed by party thugs:
Brian Jordan interview.

139  
his love affair with teaching:
Callahan,
Provincial Annals,
p. 134.

140  
was anxious to become:
Maguire, Letter to “Brothers in St. Francis.”

140  
O'Connor listed his height:
Sixtus R. O'Connor,
Application for Service
.

140  
The closest person:
John O'Connor interview.

140  
on any official army documents:
Ibid.
Biographical Data
, 10 August 1944.

140  
guessed the priest to be:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

140  
Gerecke was frightened:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

140  
Gerecke offered the Nazi:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

140  
It wasn't an easy gesture:
Ibid.

141  
“in order that the Gospel . . .”:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

141  
“ . . . of an all-loving Father . . .”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

141  
“ . . . on the Cross for them”:
Gerecke, “My Assignment.”

141  
leaving Gerecke and Hess alone:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

141  
they had all been boys:
Hank Gerecke interview, 23 March 2011.

141  
He fought in the same regiment:
Kelley,
22 Cells at Nuremberg,
p. 18.

141  
the rank of first lieutenant:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 110.

141  
a chest wound:
Kelley,
22 Cells at Nuremberg,
p. 18.

141  
studied with a geography professor:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 110.

141  
traditional German imperialism:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 126.

142  
Hess had taken stenography:
Kelley,
22 Cells at Nuremberg,
p. 19.

142  
including those on
lebensraum
:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 131.

142  
third in line to lead the Reich:
Ibid.

142  
Hitler addressed in the familiar:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 110.

142  
He had sought out father figures:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 131.

142  
“There is one man . . .”:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 111.

142  
Hess's take on
“the Jewish problem”:
Kelley,
22 Cells at Nuremberg,
p. 20.

142  
to be rid of Jews:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 110.

142  
his part in planning:
Ibid., p. 125.

143  
“Would you care . . .”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

143  
a copy of St. John's Gospel:
“Kesselring Cried at His Sermon.”

143  
“My first attempt . . .”:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

143  
he dreaded meeting:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

143  
“You want in now, Chappie?”:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

143  
“I heard you were coming . . .”:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

144  
his mother, Franny, sailed to Haiti:
Mosely,
Reich Marshal,
p. 8.

144  
“highest aspiration . . .”:
Bewley,
Hermann Göring,
p. 19.

145  
Red Baron . . . Goering was married:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
pp. 102–103.

146  
with huge feasts:
Ibid., p. 103, and Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 63.

146  
a man who loved animals:
Davidson,
Trial of the Germans,
p. 63.

146  
in style on his own train:
Ibid., p. 93.

146  
a title held previously:
Ibid., p. 96.

147  
“I hereby charge you . . .”:
Ibid., p. 75.

147  
the end of his favor with Hitler:
Ibid., p. 60, and Wistrich,
Who's Who,
p. 104.

147  
packing up as many rugs:
Unless otherwise noted, the description of Goering's final days on the run comes from Mosely,
Reich Marshal,
pp. 338–348.

148  
Hitler had become hysterical:
Kershaw,
Hitler, 1936–45,
p. 807.

148  
better without him:
Ibid., p. 804.

148  
hounding Hitler for months:
Ibid., p. 807.

148  
Bormann drew up a document:
Ibid., p. 808.

149  
decided to search:
Lesjak, “Bagging a Bigwig.”

150  
“ . . . Eisenhower's personal protection . . .”:
Mosely,
Reich Marshal,
p. 351.

150  
a Stinson L-5 Sentinel:
Alford,
Nazi Plunder,
pp. 45–47.

151  
his valet, Robert Kropp:
Descriptions of Goering's arrival at Mondorf taken from Andrus and Zwar,
I Was the Nuremberg Jailer,
pp. 25–37.

152  
considerable amount of charm:
Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”

152  
everything in his power:
Gerecke, Toastmasters.

153  
“Another day with the men . . .”:
“Kesselring Cried at His Sermon.”

153  
had directed the bomb attacks:
Wistrich,
Who's Who,
pp. 170–171.

153  
“He is one gentleman
. . .”:
“Kesselring Cried at His Sermon.”

153  
“a city of ruins . . .”:
Gerecke, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” November 1945.

 

CHAPTER 7

154  
“He who covers up his faults . . .”:
Tanakh.

154  
A succession of six prosecutors:
Barrett, “Raphael Lemkin and ‘Genocide' at Nuremberg, 1945–1946.”

154  
“Until they began to react . . .”:
Taylor,
Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials,
p. 165.