Masters of Death (55 page)

114
“Jeckeln had ongoing permission”:
Wilhelm (1991), p. 231.

114
Sardinenpackung:
see Ezergailis (1996), p. 148.
More than 44,000 murders:
Büchler (1989), p. 462.

115
“shoot everyone suspected”:
Browning (1992), p. 106.
Magill report:
excerpted in Gitelman (1997), pp. 270–71.

116
“On 2 August”:
Büchler (1989), p. 461.
Children caught in roundups, women and children:
Browning (1992), p. 107.
Fegelein report:
Büchler (1989), pp. 460–61.

8 DIRTY WORK

119
Jewish population totals:
Headland (1992), p. 83.
“dirty work”:
Walter Münch, quoted in Ezergailis (1996), p. 173.
Arajs commando:
cf. Ezergailis (1996), p. 173ff.
Bikernieki totals:
Ezergailis (1996), p. 190.
“The operations would start”:
Ezergailis (1996), p. 190–91.

120
“fundamental orders”:
Gitelman (1997), p. 265.
Stahlecker’s 15 October 1941 report:
extracts in English in
Nazi Conspiracyand Aggression,
v. 6, p. 978ff.
“The killing in the [Latvian]”:
Ezergailis (1996), p. 225.

121
“The Riga city blue bus”:
Ezergailis (1996), p. 191.
Number of provincial Jews murdered:
Ezergailis (1996), p. 225.
“In addition to Jews”:
Ezergailis (1996), p. 191.
Tykocin:
cf. Wisniewski (1998). I visited Tykocin and the Lopuchowo killing site in the summer of 2001.

122
“The old policemen”:
quoted in Ezergailis (1996), p. 277.
Throwing children into the air:
Ezergailis (1996), p. 197, n. 34.
Müller request:
quoted in Fleming (1984), pp. 109–10.
“The mass of the Red Army”:
Clark (1965), p. 129.

123
“Everywhere [between Vinnitsa and Uman]”:
Neumann (1959), p. 134.
About 5,000 Jews in Zhitomir:
OSR USSR No. 37, Arad et al. (1989), p. 55.
SK 4a statistics:
Arad et al. (1989), p. 56.

124
“1,350 ethnic Germans”:
cf. photograph, Klee et al. (1988), p. 109.
“Round and about”:
Klee et al. (1988), pp. 109–10.
“I also remember”:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 116.
Fine of one hundred thousand rubles:
Faina Vinokurova.
“After about two weeks’ stay”:
EG Trial Tr., pp. 954–55.

125
“had the feeling”:
EG Trial Tr., p. 4035.
“it was too mild”:
EG Trial Tr., pp. 1537–38.
Jäger Report:
full text in Klee et al. (1988), p. 46ff.
Rokiskis concentration camp setting:
McQueen in Gitelman (1997), p. 100.

126
“A representative”:
Mishell (1988), pp. 64–67.

126
“711 Jewish intellectuals”:
Jäger Report, sheet 2.

127
“22 August 41”:
Jäger Report, sheet 3.
“ten males”:
OSR USSR No. 88, Arad et al. (1989), p. 138.
Twenty of forty-eight children:
USSR-41, National Archives Record Group (hereafter NA RG) 895, roll 11.

128
Kamenets-Podolsky massacre:
see Hilberg (1985), p. 811ff; Braham (1973).
“to expel from Carpatho-Ruthenia”:
quoted in Braham (1973), p. 137.

129
“deportation of the”:
quoted in Braham (1973), p. 138.
Sixteen thousand refugees:
one estimate from a postwar trial; another trial estimated 18,500. Braham (1973), p. 140, n. 16.
“could not cope”:
quoted in Braham (1973), p. 140.
“Near Kamenets-Podolsky”:
quoted in Hilberg (1985), p. 812.
“The extermination of the Jews”:
Braham (1973), p. 141.
“His staff company”:
Breitman (1998), p. 64.

130
“In Kamenets-Podolsky 23,600 Jews”:
OSR USSR No. 80, Arad et al. (1989), p. 129.
Braham estimates:
Braham (1973), p. 141.
Belaja Cerkov massacre:
cf. Klee et al. (1988), p. 137ff; Lozowick (1989), p. 477.
“That first evening”:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 140.

131
Chaplains’ report:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 151ff.
295th Catholic chaplain’s report:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 141ff.

132
295th Protestant chaplain’s report:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 144.

133
Lieutenant Colonel Groscurth report:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 145ff.

135
Von Reichenau statement:
Klee et al. (1988), pp. 152–53.
Häfner testimony:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 153ff.

9 “ALL JEWS, OF ALL AGES”

136
Lohse:
see Arad (1982), p. 80ff.
Stahlecker letter:
Appendix 1, Ezergailis (1996), p. 378ff.
Hingst notice:
Arad (1982), pp. 102–3.

137
“The situation has become”:
Rudashevski (1973), p. 31.

138
“The Lithuanians drive us”:
Rudashevski (1973), p. 32.
“The march to Lukiszki”:
quoted in Arad (1982), p. 113.
Ghetto and prison numbers:
Arad (1982), p. 113.
“At Lukiszki we were kept outside”:
quoted in Lazar (1985), p. 29ff.

140
Antipartisan warfare course:
Streit in Cesarani (1994), p. 117, n. 44.
“The baby was still crying”:
Ehrenburg and Grossman (1980), p. 203.

141
“Thousands of Berdichev Jews”:
Ehrenburg and Grossman (1981), p. 13.
Jeckeln’s own staff company:
cf. Breitman (1998), p. 65.
“the Germans and traitors”:
Ehrenburg and Grossman (1981), p. 17.
Breitman speculates:
Breitman (1988).

141
“This execution”:
Ehrenburg and Grossman (1981), pp. 17–18.

142
“Many of those”:
Ehrenburg and Grossman (1981), p. 18.
“Witnesses tell”:
Ehrenburg and Grossman (1981), p. 19.
“All five pits”:
Ehrenburg and Grossman (1981), pp. 20–21.

143
Bingel testimony:
Bingel (1959).

146
“Zhitomir, July 28th”:
Neumann (1959), p. 131.
Blobel report to Berlin:
OSR USSR No. 106, Arad et al. (1989), p. 174; NO-3140, NA RG 895, roll 11.

147
18 September 1941:
Arad et al. (1989), p. 174, has “September 10, 1941,” but close inspection of a microfilm copy of the original German document confirms the later date.
5,145:
Most sources give 3,145, but close inspection of a microfilm copy of the original German document (OSR USSR No. 106) confirms the larger number.
EG report of 9 August 1941:
USSR OSR No. 47, Arad et al. (1989), p. 79.

148
Rösler report:
cf. Klee et al. (1988), pp. 117–19; Hilberg (1985), p. 323–24; Levin (1968), p. 260ff; IMT v. 7, p. 533ff.

149
Vinnitsa NKVD killings:
cf. Ihor Kamenetsky, ed.
Τhe Τragedy of
Vinnytsia
(Toronto: Ukrainian Historical Association, 1989).
Nemirov brickworks massacre:
Faina Vinokurova.
Bingel Vinnitsa testimony:
Bingel (1959), p. 309.
Vinokurova on Vinnitsa:
interview, Vinnitsa, 23 June 2001.

150
Kikorino:
OSR USSR No. 89, Arad et al. (1989), p. 142.
Nikolayev area:
OSR USSR No. 101, Arad et al. (1989), p. 168. Radomyshl: OSR USSR No. 88, Arad et al. (1989), pp. 139–40.
Kachovka:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 61. Lahoysk: OSR USSR No. 92, Arad et al. (1989), p. 152.
Nevel:
OSR USSR No. 92, Arad et al. (1989), p. 152.
Janovichi:
OSR USSR No. 92, Arad et al. (1989), p. 152.
Minsk:
OSR USSR No. 92, Arad et al. (1989), p. 152.
Lithuania:
OSR USSR No. 88, Arad et al. (1989), p. 138.

10 LORDS OF LIFE AND DEATH

151
Bach-Zelewski version of 15 August 1941 execution:
Aufbau
(1946).
“from [Himmler’s] own mouth”:
quoted in Padfield (1990), p. 342.
“the shooting of the Jews”:
quoted in Fleming (1984), p. 50, n. 1.
“who was taking”:
quoted in Fleming (1984), p. 51.

152
“ragged forms”:
quoted in Padfield (1990), p. 342.

154
Himmler’s post-Minsk itinerary:
Breitman (1998), p. 62.
Killing handicapped children:
cf. Friedlander (1995), p. 39ff.

155
“The technology for gassing”:
Friedlander (1995), p. 87.
“The old prison”:
Friedlander (1995), p. 88.
“he could not ask his troops”:
quoted in Friedlander (1995), p. 141.
Nebe dynamite experiment:
Friedlander (1995), p. 141ff.

156
Widmann testimony:
quoted in Kogon et al. (1993), pp. 52–53.
“the psychological stress”:
quoted in Kogon et al. (1993), p. 53.
Blobel gas van testimony, Poltava gas van:
Kogon et al. (1993), p. 60.
“Jews comprised only”:
Mann (2000), pp. 331–32.

157
“somewhere between 40 and 50 percent”:
Goldhagen (1996), p. 523, n. 4.
“ordinary men”:
cf Browning (1992); Goldhagen (1996).
Mann analysis:
Mann (2000).

158
“We were all so trained”:
Gilbert (1947), p. 260.

159
“It was always stressed”:
Gilbert (1947), p. 268–69.
“I would also like to say”:
quoted in Goldhagen (1996), p. 179.

160
“I do not know whether”:
quoted in Klee et al. (1988), pp. 158–59.
Musmanno-Blobel exchange:
EG Trial Tr., pp. 1682–83.

161
“Popular history”:
Friedlander (1995), p. 111.
“the organizers of the killings”:
Friedlander (1995), p. 116.

162
Musmanno-Blobel exchange:
EG Trial Tr., pp. 1683–85.
Browning three types:
Browning (2000), pp. 166–67.

163
Hartl testimony:
Klee et al. (1988), pp. 83–85.
“After the first wave”:
Klee et al. (1988), pp. 81–82.