Mary, Queen of Scots (86 page)

Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish

Cecil Papers
; Lang

CSP Foreign

Papal Negotiations
; Labanoff

CSP Scottish

Cited by MacNalty

The letter was sent via Drury.

Cited by Plowden:
Two Queens in One Isle

Buchanan

Estimates of the number of Bothwell’s men vary. Nau says there were 1,500, the
Diurnal of Occurrents
800, Buchanan 600 and de Silva 400. The
Diurnal
is the most likely to be correct.

Gore-Browne

CSP Foreign

Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome
(Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)

Pitcairn; Anderson:
Collections
; Goodall

State Papers in the Public Record Office;
CSP Scottish
. Some historians wrongly ascribe this letter to Lennox, claiming it was the one he wrote to his wife on 23 April.

Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents

De Silva to Philip II, 1 May 1567,
CSP Spanish

Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish
; Melville; Gore-Browne. The exact location of the abduction has not been fully established. In an Act of Parliament of 1567, the place is referred to as being “near the bridges, commonly called Foulbriggs” (or Foulbridge), which Strickland identified with Fountainbridge, but this is only just south of the West Port and nowhere near the River Almond. The
Diurnal
says the abduction took place “between Kirkliston and Edinburgh at a place called The Bridges.” In the 17th century, there was a farm called The Bridges at the village of Over Gogar, which has now been swallowed up by Edinburgh’s suburban sprawl. Buchanan and Herries state that the location was “Almond Bridge,” while a pardon of October 1567 says “near the Water of Almond.” Birrel claims it was at “Cramond Bridge,” on the road between Edinburgh and South Queensferry. The likeliest location is a little way to the south of Cramond, in the area referred to in the text. (See Gore-Browne.)

Letter to the Bishop of Dumblane, in Labanoff

CSP Spanish

Melville

De Silva to Philip II, 1 May 1567,
CSP Spanish
. De Silva had got his information from Cecil and from the messenger who brought the news to London.

Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567,
CSP Scottish; Calendar of Letters and State
Papers . . . in Rome
(Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)

Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567,
CSP Scottish

CSP Spanish

Labanoff

Ibid.

Nau

CSP Spanish

Labanoff

At this date, the word “ravish” meant “abduct” or “kidnap,” as well as “rape,” and was more commonly used in the former context; cf Moray’s Journal: “He met her upon the way, seemed to ravish her, and took Huntly and the Secretary prisoners.” The different meanings of the word have led to some confusion on the part of historians.

Melville

This probably refers to the Ainslie’s Tavern Bond.

Labanoff

CSP Scottish

The confession is printed as an appendix to Bothwell.

Labanoff

State Papers in the Public Record Office;
CSP Scottish

Melville. Blackadder had been freed by the authorities after being arrested for Darnley’s murder, probably through the good offices of Bothwell.

CSP Foreign

Letter to Philip II, 3 May 1567,
CSP Spanish

CSP Scottish

Acts of the Parliament of Scotland

Bittersweet Within My Heart

Drury to Cecil, 6 May 1567,
CSP Foreign

Drury to Cecil, 2 May 1567, ibid. Somehow, Maitland was managing to smuggle out messages to Drury.

Melville

CSP Foreign; CSP Scottish

State Papers in the Public Record Office;
CSP Scottish

CSP Scottish

Stuart:
Lost Chapter
. The documents relating to the case are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The Commissary Court had replaced the old Catholic Consistory Court in dealing with matrimonial causes.

Buchanan

Stuart:
Lost Chapter

A document purporting to be this dispensation is preserved at Dunrobin Castle in Sutherland, Jean’s home after her second marriage, but its authenticity has been questioned.

Hosack (see
Book of Articles
)

Maitland’s Narrative

CSP Scottish

CSP Foreign

Drury to Cecil, 4 and 6 May 1567,
CSP Foreign

Stuart:
Lost Chapter

Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567,
CSP Scottish
; Grange to Bedford, 8 May 1567, ibid.;
Register of the Privy Council

He arrived there by the end of April.

Keith

De Silva to Philip II, 11 May 1567,
CSP Spanish

CSP Foreign
; Buchanan;
Book of Articles

CSP Spanish

De Alava to Philip II, 3 May 1567, Teulet

State Papers in the Public Record Office

Diurnal of Occurrents
; Stuart:
Lost Chapter

Calendar of the Manuscripts at Hatfield

De Silva to Philip II, 11 May 1567,
CSP Spanish

Ibid.

Stuart:
Lost Chapter

Hailes Castle, which is 1.5 miles south-west of East Linton, was built before 1300 and was the original seat of the Hepburns. Now a ruin, it is one of the oldest surviving stone castles in Scotland. It was partly dismantled by Parliamentary forces in 1650, during the Civil War. The chapel dates from the 16th century.

Stuart:
Lost Chapter

Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome
(Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)

CSP Scottish

Diurnal of Occurrents

Buchanan

The Scottish Privy Council to Throckmorton, 11 July 1567, Keith

Stuart:
Lost Chapter
. Jean Gordon was given valuable estates as part of her divorce settlement, and held them until her death in 1629 in the reign of Mary’s grandson, Charles I. She married secondly Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland (d. 1594), then thirdly her former suitor, Alexander Ogilvy of Boyne (Keith).

CSP Spanish

The Book of Articles
incorrectly refers to him as the Reader of St. Giles. A reader was an unordained assistant to the Minister (Donaldson).

Keith

Melville

Ibid.

CSP Scottish

Grange to Bedford, 8 May 1567,
CSP Scottish

Knox

Diurnal of Occurrents

Melville

CSP Scottish

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Stuart:
Lost Chapter

Book of Articles

Cited by Gore-Browne

Register of the Privy Seal

Keith. Elizabeth’s condemnation of Grange’s letters is also mentioned by Nau.

Anderson:
Collections

Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome
(Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)

Drury to Cecil, 20 May 1567,
CSP Foreign
; Keith; Anderson:
Collections
; Buchanan;
Book of Articles

Register of the Privy Seal; Diurnal of Occurrents
. The others were James Cockburn of Langton, Patrick Hay of Whitelaw and Patrick Hepburn of Beanston. Although, strictly speaking, Bothwell should from henceforth be referred to as Orkney, for the sake of clarity I have continued to refer to him as Bothwell.

CSP Spanish

Keith

CSP Foreign

Labanoff; Goodall

CSP Foreign

Melville

Cotton MSS. Caligula; Anderson:
Collections; Book of Articles

23. “WANTONS MARRY IN THE MONTH OF MAY”

Diurnal of Occurrents
; Melville. The
Diurnal
states that the marriage took place at “ten hours afore noon.” De Silva, who got his information from Cecil, says incorrectly that it was “at four o’clock in the morning.” (Letter to Philip II, 24 May 1567,
CSP Spanish
)

Drury to Cecil, 20 May 1567,
CSP Foreign

Inventaires

This gives the lie to de Silva, who had heard from Cecil and Leicester that “there were only three persons of rank at the marriage.”

Diurnal of Occurrents

Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome
(James Curl’s evidence, 1576)

Inventaires

Leslie; Keith

Labanoff; Anderson:
Collections

Teulet; Keith

Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 18 May 1567, Teulet; Anderson:
Collections
; Keith

Keith; Melville

CSP Spanish

CSP Foreign

Teulet

Keith

Ibid.

Ibid.

Melville

Teulet

Drury to Cecil, 27 May 1567,
CSP Foreign

Drury to Cecil, ibid.

Register of the Privy Council

Bothwell

Teulet

CSP Foreign

CSP Spanish

CSP Scottish

Tytler:
Scotland

CSP Spanish

Ibid.

Melville

CSP Foreign

Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts;
Teulet

In 16th-century usage, the word “accident” merely meant “something that happens.”

Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts
; Teulet

Teulet

Buchanan

CSP Venetian

Cited by Plowden:
Two Queens in One Isle

Cited by Black:
Reign of Elizabeth

CSP Venetian

CSP Scottish

Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents
; Keith

Keith

Register of the Privy Council
; Wormald

Labanoff;
CSP Scottish

Keith

Melville. The second bond is undated but was drawn up after the Bothwell marriage.

CSP Foreign

Ibid.

Letter to Cecil, 7 June 1567, ibid.

Buchanan

Leslie

Teulet

Gore-Browne

Drury to Cecil, 7 June 1567,
CSP Foreign

Borthwick Castle was only slightly damaged during its bombardment by Cromwell’s forces in 1650, after which it was abandoned. It was restored in 1890 and is now one of the best preserved castles in Scotland, and remains very much as it was in Mary’s day. The castle is now a hotel, and guests may stay in the actual chambers used by Mary and Bothwell.

Teulet;
Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Foreign

Keith

Bothwell

Melville

Keith

Nau

Keith

Nau; Drury to Cecil,
CSP Foreign

Drury to Cecil,
CSP Foreign

For the events at Borthwick, see the
Diurnal of Occurrents
, a letter from an eyewitness, John Beaton, to his brother, Archbishop Beaton, in the Sloane MSS., and the narrative of the Captain of Inchkeith, in Teulet. Estimates of the strength of the Lords’ forces vary from 7–800 to 1,000 or 1,200.

John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.;
Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish

Bothwell

Cited by Sitwell

Bothwell

Knox

Diurnal of Occurrents
; Teulet; John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.

The window through which Mary is said to have escaped can still be seen today.

John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.
The Book of Articles
states that Ormiston was one of those sent to meet Mary.

Nau

CSP Foreign
; Teulet

Nau

Diurnal of Occurrents

Melville

Nau

Ibid.

John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.

Nau

Teulet;
Diurnal of Occurrents
. Nau incorrectly gives the strength of the royal forces as 4,200. Reports that the two armies were of roughly equal size are therefore incorrect.

Cited by Antonia Fraser

Cited by Gore-Browne

Nau

CSP Scottish

For the Battle of Carberry Hill, see Bothwell;
Diurnal of Occurrents
; Nau; Melville; du Croc’s account, in Teulet;
Book of Articles.

CSP Scottish
. A coloured drawing of the Darnley banner is in the Public Record Office.

Cited by Sitwell

Cited by Prebble

Bothwell

Nau

Ibid.

Bothwell

Nau

Ibid.

Melville

Letter to Cecil, 10 June 1567,
CSP Foreign

Melville

Nau

Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 17 June 1567, Teulet

Drury to Cecil, 18 June 1567,
CSP Foreign

Calderwood

Nau

Diurnal of Occurrents
; Teulet. The Black Turnpike was demolished in 1788. An erroneous tradition claims that it was located opposite the Mercat Cross, where the offices of Edinburgh City Council now stand, but it has been established that it probably stood on the north side of the High Street, on the site of the entrance to Cockburn Street (
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
, cited by Gatherer, editor of Buchanan).

Cited by Neale

24. “THIS TRAGEDY WILL END IN THE QUEEN’S PERSON”

Drury to Cecil, 18 June 1567,
CSP Foreign
; Buchanan

Teulet; John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.

Nau

Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 17 June 1567, Teulet

Melville. In 1573, Robert Melville stated that he had refused to smuggle out a letter from Mary to Bothwell, so the Queen had burned it in anger.

CSP Foreign

This was also Drury’s opinion (ibid.).

Teulet

Melville

Bothwell

Diurnal of Occurrents
; Nau