Mary, Queen of Scots (83 page)

CSP Scottish
; Nau

Knox

Alloa Tower is still owned by the Erskines, but is substantially altered from what it was in Mary’s day. In the early 18th century, it was remodelled to match a nearby mansion, and in 1800, a serious fire damaged the roof and consumed many of the family heirlooms, among them what was said to be the only portrait of Mary painted while she was in Scotland. The Tower was restored in the 1990s and reopened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1997.

Lennox Narrative

Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; CSP Scottish

CSP Spanish

Nau

Melville

Cotton MSS. Caligula;
Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; CSP Foreign
; Keith;
Illustrations of the Reign of Queen Mary

CSP Foreign

Lennox Narrative

Nau

CSP Scottish

Leslie

Ibid.

Ibid.

Papal Negotiations

Raumer

Keith

Inventaires

CSP Scottish
; Nau

The peel tower in which Mary stayed is the oldest part of Traquair House, and is now attached to the north end of the main block, which was built in 1642. At the end of the 17th century another wing was added. In the King’s Room is a bed slept in by Mary when she stayed with Lord Herries at Terregles Castle in 1568, just prior to her flight to England; this bed was brought to Traquair in 1890. Also at Traquair are a rosary, crucifix, reticule and purse said to have belonged to Mary, and a document dated 1565, bearing her signature and Darnley’s.

Nau

Ibid.

Papal Negotiations

CSP Spanish

CSP Foreign

Keith

Nau

Ibid.

Cited by Gore-Browne

CSP Foreign

11. “NO OUTGAIT”

Cecil Papers

CSP Scottish; CSP Foreign

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Papal Negotiations

The Privy Council to Catherine de’ Medici, in Keith

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, ibid.

The Privy Council to Catherine de’ Medici, ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.; du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith;
Papiers d’Etat
, ed. Teulet

Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, in Keith;
Papiers d’Etat
, ed. Teulet; Labanoff

Nau

The Privy Council to Catherine de’ Medici, 8 October 1566, in Keith; Teulet

Ibid.

Leslie; Keith

Papal Negotiations

Register of the Privy Council

Melville

Register of the Privy Council

Lennox Narrative

“The Answer of Moray,” 1569, in Keith

Archibald Douglas to Queen Mary, ibid.

Diurnal of Occurrents

Bothwell had shot Elliott in the leg with a pistol before being wounded himself. There are conflicting reports as to Elliott’s fate: some claimed he died of his wounds, but Sir John Forster stated that he escaped and recovered (Additional MSS., British Library). There is some evidence that he continued to pursue his lawless existence until 1590, when he may have died.

Buchanan

Cited by McKechnie

Nau

Keith

Cited by Gore-Browne

Teulet

CSP Scottish

Keith;
Papiers d’Etat
, ed. Teulet

Labanoff

Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, in Keith;
Papiers d’Etat
, ed. Teulet; Labanoff

Report of 12 November, in
Papal Negotiations

Keith; Teulet

Cotton MSS. Caligula

Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Foreign; Register of the Privy Seal
; Tytler:
Scotland

Hermitage Castle still stands today, its courtyard in ruins but its outer walls intact. Although extensively restored in 1820, it is perhaps the best preserved example of a Border fortress.

CSP Scottish
; Nau

A French 16th-century pocket watch and case were unearthed by a mole and found on this spot by a shepherd in the early 19th century. Both are now on display at Mary, Queen of Scots’ House in Jedburgh.

Lennox Narrative

Chalmers; Tytler:
Scotland

Nau, writing in the 1570s, states she fell ill on the day after her ride to Hermitage, i.e., on 16 October; on 18 October 1566, the Council informed Beaton that the illness came on two days after the ride, i.e., on 17 October. As their account was written only a day later, the Council are more likely to be correct.

Nau

Ibid.

CSP Venetian

Ibid.

Nau

Ibid.

Keith

CSP Spanish

Buchanan

Register of the Privy Council

Bishop Leslie to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Ibid.

Cited by Tytler:
Scotland

Bishop Leslie to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Nau;
CSP Spanish
. Mary’s instructions are in the archives of Edinburgh University.

Register of the Privy Council

Leslie; Nau

Nau; Leslie

Nau; Leslie

Bishop Leslie to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith;
Diurnal of Occurrents

Keith

Diurnal of Occurrents

The building known today as Mary, Queen of Scots’ House was greatly altered and extended in the 17th and 19th centuries, but was restored largely to its 16th-century state in 1986–87.

CSP Scottish

CSP Foreign

Teulet

Papal Negotiations

De Silva states he had learned about what followed in a letter from Mary “dated the 1st instant” (
CSP Spanish
). Buchanan incorrectly states that Mary received the letter from or about Darnley on 5 November when she was on her way to Kelso, but she did not leave Jedburgh until 9 November, and her messenger, Stephen Wilson, had left for England with news of the Darnley letter around the 8th. Mary must therefore have received the letter on or shortly before 1 November while she was still at Jedburgh.

Buchanan says the letter was from Darnley but it is hardly likely that Darnley would have himself divulged to Mary the information that de Silva states was in it. Armstrong Davison speculated that it had come from the Comte de Brienne, but he did not arrive in Scotland until 2 or 3 November.

CSP Spanish

Ibid., 17 February 1567

CSP Spanish

Labanoff;
Papal Negotiations

Fr. Edmund Hay, SJ, to Francis Borgia, Father General of the Society of Jesus, in the archives of the Society of Jesus

Keith

Sir John Neale:
Elizabeth I and her Parliaments
(2 vols, London, 1953–7)

CSP Foreign

CSP Scottish

CSP Spanish

CSP Foreign

CSP Scottish

Papal Negotiations

Melville

Buchanan:
Detectio
. A slightly different version appears in the
Book of Articles,
where it is said that Lady Reres’s purpose was “not altogether unknown to such as attended in the Queen’s company.”

Diurnal of Occurrents
; Keith

Keith

12. “UNNATURAL PROCEEDINGS”

Book of Articles

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, 6 December 1566, in Keith

Papal Negotiations

Keith

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, 6 December 1566, in Keith

Cotton MSS. Caligula. The full text is in Keith, Goodall and Mumby:
Fall of Mary
Stuart
.

It was not unusual for two people of the same sex to share a bed when space was at a premium.

Although restored to his title and earldom, Huntly had yet to recover his estates.

Goodall

It was actually drawn up two months before, not three, but after six years it would be natural for Ormiston to be a little inaccurate as to dates. Elsewhere in his confession, Ormiston quotes Bothwell as saying that the matter had been concluded at Craigmillar.

Pitcairn

Register of the Secret Seal
;
Inventaires
;
Register of the Privy Seal

The official record is in Cambridge University Library.

Moray’s Answer, dated 19 January 1569 and written by Moray and Cecil in London, is pasted to the back of the Protestation.

CSP Foreign

Nau

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Sir John Forster to Cecil, 11 December 1566, in
CSP Foreign

Melville

Register of the Privy Council

Lennox Narrative

Casket Letter II, in
CSP Scottish

Lennox Narrative

CSP Spanish
; Teulet

Register of the Privy Council
; Keith

Papal Negotiations

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Keith;
CSP Venetian; Diurnal of Occurrents

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Inventaires;
Cotton MSS. Caligula;
CSP Foreign
. Buchanan later referred only to Mary providing clothing for Bothwell: “The Queen did her best to make Bothwell appear the most magnificently dressed of all her subjects and guests.” He meant to emphasise that she was singling Bothwell out for special favour because he was her lover. This is a typical example of how Buchanan massaged the facts in order to support his denunciation of Mary.

Nau

Ibid.

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Buchanan

Knox

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

The Elizabethan historian William Camden says that Bedford had been instructed not to acknowledge Darnley as King.

Cotton MSS. Caligula; Nau

Du Croc to Archbishop Beaton, in Keith

Mary to Archbishop Beaton, 20 January 1567, in Labanoff

Ibid.

Register of the Secret Seal; Register of the Privy Seal

Antonia Fraser

CSP Scottish

Ibid.; Bothwell;
Bannatyne Miscellany; CSP Foreign

CSP Scottish

Register of the Privy Seal

CSP Scottish

Morton’s confession of 1581, in Holinshed. Buchanan alleges that Darnley left Stirling because his rival Bothwell had been “set up to his face as an object of universal respect,” but this is not corroborated by the other evidence.

Lennox Narrative
; Mary to Beaton, 20 January 1567, in Labanoff

13. “THE DAYS WERE EVIL”

Knox; Buchanan

Lennox Narrative

Pearson

CSP Scottish

Inventaires

The skull, which had been removed in 1768 from the vandalised royal vault at Holyrood, is now in the Royal College of Surgeons, London.

Pearson

Knox

CSP Spanish

Keith

Ibid.

Register of the Secret Seal

Ibid.; Keith; Buchanan

This interview must have taken place in the New Year, after Darnley had left Stirling and Mary had returned from Tullibardine. This would have been the first opportunity that Walker had had to speak with her.

Mary to Archbishop Beaton, 20 January 1567, in Labanoff

CSP Scottish

Labanoff

CSP Scottish
; Keith

Cabala

Inventaires

Labanoff

CSP Foreign; CSP Scottish
; Keith

State Papers in the Public Record Office;
CSP Foreign

Nau

Lennox Narrative

Nau

Buchanan says Mary had tried to lull Darnley’s suspicions “by her frequent loving letters,” but this seems unlikely in view of the other evidence.

CSP Scottish

Teulet

Throughout this book, I have quoted the modern English translations of the Casket Letters, except where there are discrepancies in the Scots, French and Latin versions.

CSP Scottish

Mahon:
Lennox Narrative

Buchanan

Keith

Birrel says the 13th, the
Diurnal of Occurrents
the 14th. These two sources often show a discrepancy of one day.

CSP Scottish

The date of the meeting at Whittinghame is not recorded, but it must have been after Maitland left Edinburgh on 17 January. As it was reported by Drury on the 23rd, it must have taken place around 18 or 19 January. For the Whittinghame episode, see
CSP Scottish
; Morton’s confession of 1581 in Holinshed; Archibald Douglas’s letter to Mary of 1583 in
Inventaires
;
Diurnal of Occurrents; Bannatyne
Miscellany
; Calderwood

Bothwell

Inventaires

CSP Scottish

CSP Spanish

Holinshed

Inventaires

Nau; his account is corroborated by a letter from Drury to Cecil dated 13 August 1575.

Labanoff

14. “SOME SUSPICION OF WHAT AFTERWARDS HAPPENED”

Diurnal of Occurrents
. Birrel; Anderson:
Collections; Book of Articles
; Moray’s Journal, in Cotton MSS. Caligula

Moray’s Journal, in Cotton MSS. Caligula; Anderson:
Collections; Book of Articles

Buchanan

Drury reported she had arrived on the 22nd (
CSP Scottish
).

Crawford’s Deposition, original MS. in Cambridge University Library, edited copy in
CSP Scottish

CSP Spanish; CSP Foreign

CSP Spanish

Cambridge University Library

CSP Scottish
; Goodall. After this was read out, Crawford said that the words quoted in his deposition were “the same in effect and substance as they were delivered by the King to him, though not perhaps in all parts the very words themselves.”

CSP Scottish
; Labanoff

Lennox Narrative