Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography (154 page)

160
.
Haig to Reagan, ‘Discussions in London’, 9 Apr. 1982, Falklands War (04/09/1982–04/15/1982), Box 30, Exec Sec, NSC: Country File, Reagan Library.
161
.
Haig to Reagan, 091120z Apr 82, ‘Memorandum for the President’, 9 Apr. 1982, released by the US State Department under FOIA Case #200600788.
162
.
George Bush to Judge Clark, 7 Apr. 1982, UK (1982), Donald Gregg Files, Office of National Security Affairs, Vice-Presidential Records, Bush Library, College Station TX.
163
.
Interview with Judge William Clark.
164
.
Los Angeles Times
, 16 Apr. 1982. The full transcript of the call, intercepted by an amateur radio operator and passed on to Anderson, can be found among Anderson’s archived papers: ‘Falkland Islands crisis’, Folder 7, Box 293, Subseries 1, Series 4, Jack Anderson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, George Washington University, Washington DC.
165
.
THCR 4/3.
166
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
167
.
Haig to Reagan, quoted in Rentschler, diary, 11 Apr. 1982.
168
.
See Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 146.
169
.
Interview with Sir Robert Wade-Gery.
170
.
Note of meeting between Haig and Thatcher, 12 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
171
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
172
.
Note of meeting to discuss US draft agreement, 12 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
173
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
174
.
Telecon with Prime Minister Thatcher, Tuesday 13 Apr. 1982, 1.20–1.24am, released by the US State Department under FOIA Case #200600788.
175
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
176
.
See Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 198.
177
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
178
.
Interview with Sir John Weston.
179
.
Rentschler, diary, 13 Apr. 1982.
180
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 198.
181
.
Interview with Sir John Nott.
182
.
Memcon Haig telephone call to Thatcher, 14 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: The Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
183
.
Memcon Haig telephone call to Thatcher, second conversation, 2000 hours, 14 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: The Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
184
.
John Lehman, Keynote Address, ‘The Falklands War Thirty Years On’, 19–20 May 2012, National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth. See also Weinberger’s contribution to Falklands Roundtable, 5 May 2003, Miller Center, University of Virginia.
185
.
Interview with Jim Rentschler.
186
.
Interview with Dov Zakheim.
187
.
See Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 380.
188
.
Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 14 Apr. 1982.
189
.
Hansard, HC Deb 14 Apr. 1982 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104918
).
190
.
Haig to Reagan, cited in Rentschler, diary, 15 Apr. 1982.
191
.
160512z Apr 82, ‘Memcon for Secretary Haig on President’s phone call to President Galtieri’, 16 Apr. 1982, Falklands Crisis 1982, Box 90224, Dennis Blair Files, Reagan Library.
192
.
Thatcher to Reagan, 16 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
193
.
Ronald Reagan,
The Reagan Diaries
, HarperCollins, 2007, 17 Apr. 1982, p. 80.
194
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
195
.
Haig to Pym, 19 Apr. 1982, Falklands War (04/19/1982–04/21/1982), Box 30, Exec Sec, NSC: Country File, Reagan Library.
196
.
Memcon of PM and Parsons, 18 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
197
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
198
.
Ibid.
199
.
Interview with Sir David Omand.
200
.
Interview with Sir John Coles.
201
.
Gow to PM, 8 Apr. 1982, THCR 1/20/3/5.
202
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
203
.
Interview with Sir John Coles.
204
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
205
.
Interview with Sir Mark Thatcher.
206
.
Renwick, manuscript.
207
.
Reagan,
The Reagan Diaries
, 19 Apr. 1982, p. 80.
208
.
Telephone conversation between PM and Pym, 18 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
209
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
210
.
Ibid.
211
.
Ibid.
212
.
OD(SA) minutes, 16 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Handling of the Falklands Invasion (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
213
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
214
.
Interview with Sir Henry Leach.
215
.
Henderson to FO telegram 1376, 21 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
216
.
Henderson to FO telegram 1381, 21 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
217
.
Ibid.
218
.
Hansard, HC Deb 21 Apr. 1982.
219
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
220
.
Ibid.
221
.
Master copy of American draft, 23 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
222
.
National Security Council Minutes, 30 Apr. 1982, NSC 00048, Box 91284, Exec Sec, NSC: NSC Meeting Files, Reagan Library.
223
.
Memcon, ‘Falkland Islands Framework’, 23 Apr. 1982, released by US State Department under FOIA Case #200600788.
224
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
225
.
Ibid.
226
.
Interview with Francis Pym,
The Downing Street Years
(BBC), 1993.
227
.
Interview with Sir John Coles.
228
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 205.
229
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
230
.
Ibid.
231
.
Ibid.
232
.
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher.
233
.
Interview with Sir Brian Fall.
234
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
235
.
Ibid.
236
.
Ibid.
237
.
Interview with Sir John Coles.
238
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
239
.
THCR 4/3.
240
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street
Years
, p. 208.
241
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
242
.
Ibid.
243
.
BBC Radio News, 25 Apr. 1982 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104923
).
244
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.

1
.
Henderson to Haig telegram, 27 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
2
.
Margaret Thatcher’s manuscript account, The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 1/20/3/1.
3
.
Panorama
(BBC1), 26 Apr. 1982 (Christopher Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements of Margaret Thatcher 1945–90 on CD-ROM
, Oxford University Press, 1998/2000).
4
.
Interview with Lord Parkinson.
5
.
Interview with Sir John Nott.
6
.
Hansard, HC Deb 27 Apr. 1982 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104925
).
7
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
8
.
Thatcher to Haig, 26 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
9
.
Pym to Henderson, 28 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
10
.
All quotations from Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 29 Apr. 1982.
11
.
Thatcher to Reagan, 29 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
12
.
Reagan to Thatcher, 29 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
13
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
14
.
Reagan to Thatcher, 29 Apr. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
15
.
National Security Council Minutes, 30 Apr. 1982, NSC 00048, Box 91284, Exec Sec, NSC: NSC Meeting Files, Reagan Library, Simi Valley CA.
16
.
Ibid.
17
.
Ibid.
18
.
NSDD 34, 14 May 1982, Exec Sec, NSC: NSDDs, Reagan Library.
19
.
‘Next Steps on Falklands’, 29 Apr. 1982, NSC 00048 04/30/1982 [Falkland Islands], Exec Sec, NSC: NSC Meeting Files, Box 91284, Reagan Library.
20
.
Reagan, Remarks and a Question-and-answer session with Editors and Broadcasters from Midwestern States, 30 Apr. 1982, The Public Papers of the Presidents, The American Presidency Project, University of California.
21
.
See Lawrence Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, 2 vols, Routledge, 2005, vol. ii:
War and Diplomacy
, p. 359.
22
.
Ibid.
23
.
Interview with Lord Parkinson.
24
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
25
.
Speech to Mid-Bedfordshire Conservatives, Shuttleworth Agricultural College, 30 Apr. 1982 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104929
).
26
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
27
.
Ibid.
28
.
Ibid.
29
.
Ibid.
30
.
Quoted in Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 285.
Chapter 21
of this book contains the fullest account of the
Belgrano
incident yet written, benefiting from official papers.
31
.
Ibid., p. 287.
32
.
Interviews with Lord Bramall and Sir Henry Leach.
33
.
Interview with Sir John Coles.
34
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
35
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
36
.
Interview with Sir Antony Acland.
37
.
See Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 288.
38
.
Papers relating to the compilation of Lady Thatcher’s memoirs, THCR 4/3.
39
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
40
.
Ibid.
41
.
See Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 293.
42
.
Hansard, HC Deb 4 May 1982.
43
.
See Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, ch. 21.
44
.
Ronald Reagan,
The Reagan Diaries Unabridged
, 2 vols, HarperCollins, 2009, vol. i:
January 1981–October 1985
, p. 129.
45
.
Henderson to FO telegram, 2 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
46
.
Transcript of Pym press conference in Washington, 2 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
47
.
Henderson to Pym telegram 1575, 3 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
48
.
Ibid.
49
.
Henderson to Pym telegram 1574, 3 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
50
.
Interview with Alexander Haig.
51
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, HarperCollins, 1993, p. 216.
52
.
THCR 4/3.
53
.
Henderson to Pym telegram 1572, 3 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
54
.
Hansard, HC Deb 4 May 1982.
55
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
56
.
Interview with Barry Strevens.
57
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
58
.
Lord Lewin, quoted in Richard Hill,
Lewin of Greenwich
, Cassell, 2000, p. 370.
59
.
Atkeson to DCI, ‘What’s Next in the Falklands?’, 7 May 1982, CREST database, US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
60
.
Reagan,
The Reagan Diaries Unabridged
, vol. i, p. 129.
61
.
Jim Rentschler, diary (unpublished), 4 May 1982.
62
.
Ibid.
63
.
Quoted in Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 326.
64
.
041130z May 82, ‘Falklands Dispute: Rules of Engagement unchanged as British ponder next move’, 4 May 1982, UK (04/01/1982–07/31/1982) [6], Box 20, Exec Sec, NSC: Country File, Reagan Library.
65
.
Reagan to Thatcher, 5 May 1982, THCR 3/1/21.
66
.
All quotations from Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 5 May 1982.
67
.
Ibid.
68
.
Prime Minister’s Papers, Cabinet minutes, 5 May 1982 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
69
.
Thatcher to Reagan, 5 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
70
.
Clark to Reagan, ‘PM Thatcher’s Reply on your Falklands Demarche’, 5 May 1982, ‘Falklands War (UN/Kirkpatrick/Haig) 05/13/1982–06/04/1982’, Box 3, William Clark Files, Reagan Library.
71
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 217.
72
.
Draft Thatcher letter to Reagan, 5 May 1982, THCR 1/20/3/11.
73
.
Interview with Sir Antony Acland.
74
.
Interview with Sir John Coles.
75
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
76
.
Interview with Lord Parkinson.
77
.
Thatcher to Reagan, 5 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
78
.
Ingham digest, 6 May 1982, THCR 3/5/14.
79
.
Henderson to Pym telegram, 6 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
80
.
Henderson to Pym telegram, 8 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
81
.
Parsons to Pym telegram, 3 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
82
.
Letter to PM from Cardinals Hume and Gray, 8 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
83
.
Parsons to Pym, telegram 686, 8 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
84
.
Telephone conversation between PM and Parsons, 8 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
85
.
Ibid.
86
.
THCR 4/3.
87
.
Parsons to Pym telegram, 10 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
88
.
Ronald Reagan,
The Reagan Diaries
, HarperCollins, 2007, 12 May 1982, p. 84.
89
.
Draft message from Thatcher to Reagan, 12 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
90
.
Ingham digest, 8 May 1982, THCR 3/5/14.
91
.
Ibid., 13 May 1982.
92
.
Daily Telegraph
, 13 May 1982.
93
.
Hansard, HC Deb 13 May 1982.
94
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
95
.
Telephone conversation between Thatcher and Reagan, 13 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
96
.
Reagan,
The Reagan Diaries
, 13 May 1982, p. 84.
97
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
98
.
Admiral Sandy Woodward,
One Hundred Days
, HarperCollins, 1992, p. 230.
99
.
Nicholas Henderson,
Mandarin: The Diaries of an Ambassador 1969–1982
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994, 17 May 1982, pp. 461–2.
100
.
Interview with Sir Robert Wade-Gery.
101
.
Ibid.
102
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
103
.
Ibid.
104
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 222.
105
.
Interview with Sir Anthony Parsons,
The Downing Street Years
(BBC), 1993.
106
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
107
.
Parsons to Pym telegram, 17 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
108
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
109
.
Ibid.
110
.
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 223.
111
.
Wade-Gery to PM, 17 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: The Handling of the Falklands Invasion (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
112
.
Ibid.
113
.
THCR 4/3.
114
.
OD(SA) minutes, 18 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: The Handling of the Falklands Invasion (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
115
.
Interview with Sir Michael Palliser.
116
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
117
.
Ibid.
118
.
ITN News, 19 May 1982.
119
.
See Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 372.
120
.
Ibid.
121
.
Parsons telegram, 19 May 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Argentina: Position of the Falkland Islands (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
122
.
See Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, pp. 373–4.
123
.
‘UK–Argentine War’, United Kingdom – 1982 (05/01/1982–07/31/1982), Box 90223, Dennis Blair Files, Reagan Library.
124
.
Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 20 May 1982.
125
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
126
.
Ibid.
127
.
Hansard, HC Deb 20 May 1982 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104943
).
128
.
Interview with Jeane Kirkpatrick.
129
.
Interview with Lord Bramall.
130
.
Quoted in Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign
, vol. ii, p. 429.
131
.
Woodward,
One Hundred Days
, p. 250.
132
.
THCR 1/20/3/1.
133
.
Ibid.
134
.
See Woodward,
One Hundred Days
, pp. 269–70.
135
.
Ibid., p. 263.
136
.