Marching Toward Hell: America and Islam After Iraq (No Series) (51 page)

See Ralph Peters,
Fighting for the Future: Will America Triumph?
(Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books, 1999), 127.

34.
See Michael F. Scheuer, “Clueless into Kabul,”
American Interest
2, no. 1 (September–October 2006), 111–19, and Pamela Constable, “Afghan Leader Losing Support,”
Washington Post
, June 26, 2006, A-1.

35.
Helene Cooper, “Saudis Say They Might Back Sunnis If U.S. Leaves Iraq,”
New York Times,
December 13, 2006, and Diana Ellis, “Saudi King: Spreading Shiism Won’t Work,” Associated Press, January 27, 2007.

36.
For the strengthening authoritarian trend in constricting Islamist activities in Jordan, see Jamal Halaby, “Jordan’s King Puts Constitutional Monarchy on the Back Burner for Now,” Associated Press, August 26, 2005; “Jordan Blocks Muslim Militants from Pulpits,” Agence France-Presse, September 4, 2006; Jamal Halaby, “Jordan Lawmakers Limit Religious Edicts,” www.thestate.com, September 14, 2006; and Shafika Mattar, “Jordan Fears Growing Shiite Influence,” www.washingtonpost.com, November 17, 2006.

37.
Hamza Hendawi, “Syria Fears Spillover of Sectarian Strife,” www.theday.com, January 22, 2007; Anthony Shadid, “Syria’s Unpredictable Force,”
Washington Post,
May 27, 2005; Ibrahim Hamidi, “Can Syria Keep Its Islamist Genie in the Bottle?,” www.dailystar.com.lb, January 12, 2005; Neil MacFarquhar, “Syria, Long Ruthlessly Secular, Sees Fervent Islamic Resurgence,”
New York Times,
October 24, 2003, A-1, and, Rime Allaf, “Fundamentalism No Benefit to Syria,” www.metimes.com, July 24, 2007.

38.
Uri Avnery, “The Next Crusades,” Arabic Media Internet Network, March 5, 2005.

39.
Judith Ingram, “Rebellion Spreads into Russia,”
Washington Times
, May 8, 2005; Simon Saradzhyan, “Chechnya: Spreading the Insurgency,” www.isn.ethz.ch, June 13, 2006; and “Chechen Rebel Chief Declares Islamic Emirate,” Threat and Claim Monitor, Intel Center, November 29, 2007.

40.
Fiona Hill, Anatol Lieven, and Thomas de Waal, “A Spiraling Danger. Time for a New Policy Toward Chechnya,”
CEPS Policy Brief
, no. 68 (online version), April 2005, and “Interview with Sergei Markedenov, Institute of Political and Military Analysis, Moscow,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, May 5, 2006.

41.
Sebastian Smith, “Islamic Rebels Tighten Grip on Dagestan,”
Australian
, July 20, 2005; C. J. Chivers, “Russia Steps Up Anti-terror Drive as Chechen War Spreads,”
New York Times,
October 23, 2004; “Soldier Causalities Exceed 6,600 in Chechnya Campaigns,”
Novosti
(online), August 10, 2007; and “Near-Daily Violence Grips Inqushetia,” Moscow Times.com, September 3, 2007.

42.
Andrew MacGregor, “Islam, Jamaats and Implications for the North Caucasus, Part 1,”
Terrorism Monitor
(www.Jamestown.org) 4, no. 11 (June 2, 2006), and Part 2,
Terrorism Monitor
no. 12 (June 15, 2006); and Svante Cornell, “The North Caucasus: Spiraling Out of Control?,”
Terrorism Monitor
3, no. 7 (April 7, 2005).

43.
Hill, Lieven, and deWaal, “Spiraling Danger”; Jonah Hull, “Russia Sees Muslim Population Boom,” Al-Jazeerah.net, January 7, 2007; and Oleg Petrovskiy, “Hired Jihad Fighters in No Hurry to Get to Iraq. They Are Quite Happy in Chechnya,” www.utro.ru, July 27, 2004.

44.
Lawrence Scott Sheets and William J. Brand, “Atomic Smugglers Pose New Hazard for Former Soviet Republics,”
International Herald Tribune
(online version), January 25, 2007; Desmond Butler and Katherine Schraeder, “Georgia Sting Seizes Bomb Grade Uranium,” Associated Press, January 25, 2007; Tenet,
Center of the Storm
, 279; Dr. Paul A. Goble, “The Islamization of Russia,” Association of Former Intelligence Officers Conference, October 26, 2007.

45.
Steyn,
America Alone,
2, 27.

46.
Joginder Singh, “Bangla Is Going the Pak Way,”
Asian Age
(online version), January 13 2006, and Eliza Griswold, “Bangladesh for Beginners,” www.slate.com. December 29, 2005.

47.
“Drifting Toward Extremism,” http://planetguru.com, February 6, 2005, and Griswold, “Bangladesh for Beginners.”

48.
Charles Tannock, “The World Cannot Afford Bangladesh’s Going Taliban,”
Daily Star,
July 21, 2005.

49.
Alok Bonsai, “Terror: Bangladesh’s Growing Export,”
Asia Tribune
(online version), April 9, 2006; Rolana Buerk, “Bangladesh and Islamic Militants,” BBCNEWS.com.uk, February 25, 2005; and Mamun-Ar-Rashid, “Countless Militant Networks like Spider’s Net,”
Dainik Janakantha,
July 19, 2005, 1, 11.

50.
Chowdhry Manuf, “Islamic Militant Behind Deadly Bangladesh Blasts Surrenders,” Agence France-Presse, March 2, 2006; Farid Hussain, “Bangladesh Attacks Bring Fear of Militancy,”
Boston Globe
(online version), December 9, 2005; David Montero, “How Extremism Came to Bangladesh,”
Christian Science Monitor
(online version), September 6, 2005; “Bangladesh Bombs Spotlight ‘Holy Warriors,’” Reuters, September 2005; and Anjoli Aggarwal, “HUJI has Close Ties with ISI and Osama,”
Times of India Online
, April 6, 2006.

51.
Tannock, “World Cannot Afford”; Romananda Sengupta, “Bangladesh: Next Terror Frontier?”
Rediff India Abroad
(http://us.rediff.com), December 19, 2005; Paul Eckert, “Bangladesh Bomber Arrests Said Only the Beginning,” Reuters, March 8, 2006; and Maneeza Hussain, “The world Can’t Afford to Ignore Bangladesh,” India Monitor.com, August 29, 2005.

52.
Dan Morrison, “‘Bomb Culture’ Threatens Bangladesh,”
Washington Times,
January 15, 2005; Montero, “How Extremism Came to Bangladesh”; Sengupta, “Next Terror Frontier?”

53.
“Bangladeshis Hail Capture of Top Militants,” Reuters, March 7, 2006.

54.
Mamun-Ar-Rashid, “Countless Militant Networks”; Griswold, “Bangladesh for Beginners.”

55.
Tannock, “World Cannot Afford”; Mizan Rahman, “Bangladesh Militant Leader ‘Tied to al-Qaeda’,”
Gulf Times
(online version), March 26, 2006; Brigadier General Showkat Hossain, “Operation Haluaghat—Security During the Next Election,”
Protham Alo
(online version), July 17, 2006; and Mamun-Ar-Rashid, “Countless Militant Networks.”

56.
“Difting Toward Extremism”; Bonsal, “Bangladesh’s Growing Export;” Sengupta, “Next Terror Front?”; Mamun-Ar-Rashid, “Countless Militant Networks”; and Shahid Allam, “Spectre of Fundamentalism: Warning Bells Getting Louder,”
New Nation
(online version), February 22, 2005.

57.
“Bangladesh Declares Emergency, Imposes Curfew,” Reuters, January 11, 2007; Matthew Rosenberg, “Rivalry Fuels Bangladeshi Political Crisis,” Associated Press, December 24, 2006; “Presence of Afghan Veterans in Bangladesh Poll Flayed,” www.indiannews.com/bangladesh, December 28, 2006; and Y. P. Rajesh, “Bangladesh Islamists Confident of Expanding Hold,” Reuters, January 31, 2007. In 2006 the organization Transparency International named Bangladesh the most corrupt country in the world for the fifth consecutive year. See “Bangladesh Most Corrupt,”
Daily Star
, January 1, 2006, and “Politicians Losing Respect of People for Corruption,”
New Nation Online Edition
, January 27, 2007.

58.
Princeton Lyman and Scott Allan, “Prevent the Rise of Another Taliban,”
Baltimore Sun
(online version), October 19, 2004.

59.
Edmund Blair, “Conservative Anglicans Warn Liberal Churches in the West,” Reuters, October 31, 2005, and Edward Harris, “Nigerian Christians Burn Muslim Corpses,” Associated Press, February 23, 2006.

60.
George Thomas, “Terror Havens: al-Qaeda’s Growing Sanctuary in Nigeria,” www.cbn.com, May 2, 2005; Andrew McLaughlin, “Behind Rising Oil Cost: Nigeria,”
Christian Science Monitor
, January 18, 2006; and “Nigerian Taliban plots comeback,” Agence France-Presse, January 11, 2006.

61.
“Shell Evacuates Oil Field After Attacks by Niger Delta Militants,” Agence France-Presse, February 11, 2006; Jeffrey Tayler, “Nigeria’s Troubles Could Become America’s,” www.allafrica.com, March 13, 2006; Erich Marquardt, “The Niger Delta Insurgency and Its Threat to Energy Security,”
Terrorism Monitor
4, no. 16 (August 10, 2006); and “Five Nigerians on Terror Charges,” news.bbc.co.uk, November 23, 2007.

62.
Tayler, “Nigeria’s Troubles.”

63.
Ibid.

64.
Dino Mahtari and Guy Dinsmore, “U.S. Upset with Nigeria over Warlord’s Flight,”
Financial Times,
March 28, 2006, and John C. K. Daly, “Nigeria Continues to Slide Toward Instability,”
Terrorism Monitor
4, no. 24 (December 14, 2006).

65.
Dan Darling, “Nigeria’s Oil War,” http://threatwatch.org, February 21, 2006, and Marquardt, “Niger Delta Insurgency.”

66.
“Fueling the Niger Delta Crisis,” International Crisis Group, Africa Report No. 118, September 28, 2006.

67.
Marquardt, “Niger Delta Insurgency.”

68.
Ibid.; Sebastian Junger, “Blood Oil,”
Vanity Fair,
February 2007, 112, 114; and Jad Mouawad, “Growing Unrest Posing a Threat to Nigerian Oil,”
New York Times
, April 21, 2007.

69.
Nigeria is an ideal al-Qaeda target because the flow of oil to the United States and the West can be disrupted without damaging the energy infrastructure of Arab oil-producers. In addition, bin Laden is always willing to work with the devil if it means striking a blow against the primary enemy of Islam, the United States. In the case of the Niger Delta, al-Qaeda would not even consider an effort that aimed at Islamicizing the overwhelmingly Christian insurgent movement there, but would simply and unobtrusively look for opportunities to assist the insurgents with cash and by upgrading their training, weaponry, and logistics networks.

70.
Marquardt, “The Niger Delta Insurgency.”

71.
Ibid., and Junger, “Blood Oil,” 114.

72.
Christian Purefoy and Peter Koenig, “Nigeria Looms as Wild Card in Shell Recovery,” www.timesonline.co.uk, February 5, 2005.

73.
John Brandon, “In Thailand’s South, Fertile Ground for Terrorism,”
International Herald Tribune,
February 11, 2005; John M. Glionna, “In Thailand, a New Model for Insurgencies?”
Los Angeles Times,
October 1, 2006; and “Southern Thailand: Insurgency Not Jihad,” International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 98, May 18, 2005.

74.
Suttin Wannabovorn, “Militants May Join Thailand Insurgency,” Associated Press, September 24, 2005; Allan Dawson, “As Thailand Goes…,” www.techcentralstation.com, July 21, 2005; Sarah Stewart, “Thailand, Malaysia Row Exposes Rift over Muslim Rebellion,” Agence France-Presse, November 3, 2005; and Bashkar Dasgupta, “Insurgency in Thailand,” www.hindustantimes.com, March 11, 2005.

75.
“Thai Foreign Minister Rules Out Autonomy for South, Says No al-Qaeda Link,” www.todayonline.com, November 7, 2005; “Thaksin Rules Out Talks with PULO,”
Nation,
January 26, 2006; “No End in Sight as Thailand’s Forgotten War Drags On,”
Taipei Times,
January 29, 2006; “Thailand’s Emergency Decree: No Solution,” International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 105, September 18, 2005; and “Southern Thailand: Insurgency Not Jihad.”