Map of a Nation (59 page)

57
ought to be well skilled
‘Instructions to our Principal Engineer’, Royal Warrant of 1683, cited in Hogg, Appendix IV.

58
the Corps often attracted those
For the social context of admission into the Corps of Engineers, see Marshall, 1976, especially pp. 54–86, 87–92, 131–50.

59
After attaining a sought-after place
David Watson to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 33: Letter Book 1743–4, f. 32, 22 June 1743.

60
a resounding victory
David Watson to [Robert Dundas (2nd Lord President)], NRAS 3246, Volume 33: Letter Book 1743–4, f. 33, 29 June 1743; David Watson to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 33: Letter Book 1743–4, f. 35, 5 July 1743.

61
we do not live in an age
Andrew Mitchell to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 89, 12 November 1745.

62
Mr Watson has gained universal character
Andrew Mitchell to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 92, 14 November 1745.

63
The Pretender’s son [has] near 3,000 rebels
Keene, p. 70, cited in Black, pp. 75–6.

64
David Watson was among them
John Gordon to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 96, 16 November 1745.

65
warm Jackets, adequate blankets
John Gordon to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 96, 16 November 1745. See also William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, to Thomas Pelham Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, NA, SP 54/32, ff. 83–8, 28 June 1746; William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle, to Thomas Pelham Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, NA, SP 54/33, f. 3, 1 August 1746.

66
the happyness this poor Country enjoy’d
[David Watson] to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 32, 1 June 1746.

67
our Interview with the Rebels
[David Watson] to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 32, 1 June 1746.

68
temptations of pleasure or game
[David Watson] to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 34, 7 July 1746.

69
the destruction of the Ancient Seat
[David Watson] to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 32, 1 June 1746.

70
the rest of the good people of Lochaber
[David Watson] to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 32, 1 June 1746.

71
the Highlanders [are] the most despicable enemy
[David Watson] to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 32, 1 June 1746.

72
the sole motive of restoring quiet
[David Watson] to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 34, 7 July 1746.

73
Together with his brother-in-law
See letters from Robert Dundas (2nd Lord President) and Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President) to Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke (Lord Chancellor), BL, Add. MS 53446, ff. 178–9, 207–12, 220–1, 228–9, 270–1; BL, Add. MS 53447, ff. 9, 49–50, 112–13, 128–30, 157–8, 168–9, 180–1, 206–9, 317–18. See also David Watson to Robert Napier, NA, SP 54/40/42, f. 141, October 1749.

74
lawless
For example, see Anon, ‘Memorial for the Heritors & Ministers of the Church in the western Parts of the Shires of Perth, Stirling & Dumbarton’, NA, SP 54/32, ff. 226–7, [June 1746]; Albemarle to Newcastle, NA, ‘Some Thoughts Concerning the State of the Highlands’, SP 54/34, ff. 24–31 (f. 25), [October 1746].

75
Suggestions included the
For example, see NA, SP 54/35, ff. 46–9, 50–1, 113–16, 123–8; BL, Add. MS 53446, ff. 180–6, 191–3.

76
for the purposes of civilizing, and promoting the happiness
‘Instructions by the Commissioners for managing the forfeited Estates in Scotland annexed to the Crown’, NAS, E726/1, [July 1755].

77
Many considered that the Highland landscape
Fraser, p. 258.

78
Such Noble-men as these
Anon, 1690, p. 6.

79
the Benefit [which] must arise
[David Watson], ‘Some Observations concerning the Highlands of Scotland’, BL, Add. MSS 35890, ff. 158–9, [September 1747].

80
found themselves greatly embarrassed
John Watson [David Watson’s brother], ‘Memorial’, NRAS 3246, Bundle 89, p. 6. There is a copy of this in NA, T1/486, p. 2.

81
the Inconvenience was perceived
John Watson [David Watson’s brother], ‘Memorial’, NRAS 3246, Bundle 89, p. 6. There is a copy of this in NA, T1/486, p. 2.

82
broken glades and bare hills of dark heath
Scott, Walter, 1999, p. 178.

83
windings of the majestic Clyde
Scott, Walter, 1999, p. 321.

14
on 4 May 1726
Documentation surrounding William Roy’s childhood and early youth is scarce. The date of his birth is shown on Carluke’s Official Parish Register for 12 May 1726, 629/0010 0058 . Details about John Roy’s employment are given in his Last Will and Testament, 24 November 1750, Lanark Commissary Court, CC14/5/17. The
nineteenth-century
local historian, Daniel Reid Rankin, described how the name of John Roy, William’s father, ‘occurs frequently in the sederunt of heritors, as acting for Sir William Gordon, and his son Mr Charles Hamilton Gordon of Hallcraig and Milton, from 1739 onwards’ (Rankin, June 1872, pp. 562–3). Rankin’s ‘Notes for a history of Carluke 1870–1878’, Glasgow Manuscripts Library, MS Murray 153–55, Vol. 1, ff. 8, 11, describes in detail the residents of the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire in the early 1700s. He also provides information about the Roys’ relationship with the other principal families of the area, the Gordons and the Lockharts, in Rankin, March 1853, p. 148. The Lockharts were based at Lee Castle, a few miles south of the Roys and Gordons, and were related by marriage to the Dundases (see letters from John Lockhart to Robert Dundas (2nd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, ff. 123, 156 and 162, 1, 19 and 22 December 1745; and Volume 35: Letter Book 1746–55, f. 140, 9 April 1755).

84
the Duty and Office of a Land Steward
Laurence.

85
it is necessary
Ley, p. 73.

86
it is not only necessary
Laurence, p. 78.

87
n
In 1987, after being bought
Harris, Ron.

88
John Roy would have first measured
I am indebted to Stuart Hepburn and the Royal Geographical Society North West Region, for their ‘DIY Mapping Day’ on 30 May 2009, in which they expertly taught me how to use these instruments and techniques.

89
It has been suggested that he worked
For these different accounts of William Roy’s early life, see respectively Chalmers, II, p. 64; Skelton, 1967a, p. 16 (note 6); Skelton, 1967b, p. 2; Gardiner, p. 439. See also Hodson, 2007, p. 7; Moir, D.G., I, p. 105.

90
The Upper Ward of Lanarkshire erupted
The Dundases had many connections with the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire. Not only was Robert Dundas (2nd Lord President) related by marriage to the Gordons at Hallcraig, but his son, Robert ‘Robin’ Dundas (3rd Lord President), also married in 1741 a woman called Henrietta Baillie, the heiress to the Bonnington estate about seven miles south of Hallcraig. Robin appears to have lived at Bonnington between 1741 and 1753, when his father died and he inherited Arniston. Robin played an active and central role in the life of the Upper Ward, and rallied the locals (from afar – he went to Berwick during the rebellion) to rise against the Jacobites during the Forty-Five. This was not hard: the Upper Ward had a
history
of staunch Presbyterianism. See Andrew Orr (Presbyterian minister at Carluke) to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 122, 31 December 1745; John Lockhart to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), f. 123, 1 December 1745; Andrew Orr to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), f. 145, 16 December 1745; John Smith to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), f. 146, 16 December 1745; John Smith to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), f. 153, 18 December 1745.

91
the only communication that is open
John Lockhart to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 123, 1 December 1745.

92
to act for the Defence of His Majesty
Andrew Orr to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 145, 16 December 1745.

93
heavy rains
John Lockhart to Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President), NRAS 3246, Volume 34: Letter Book 1745, f. 162, 22 December 1745.

94
He seems to have avoided direct confrontation
The possibility has been suggested by Yolande Hodson that Roy may have been on the Jacobite side during the Forty-Five (see Gilchrist). There were certainly one or two Lanarkshire men called ‘William Roy’ (a common name) who were arrested after the
rebellion
. NA, TS 20/79, f. 1, provides a list of ‘Rebel prisoners’ and includes ‘William Roy, from Lanerk, a Private man’, who had served for five months, and was twenty-three years of age. TS 20/78, f. 15, is a ‘Humble Petition of the Distressed Prisoners now Confin’d in Tilbury Fort’, signed by ‘Willaim [
sic
] Roy’, but this man has made a mark besides his initials, indicating he was illiterate. It seems unlikely to me that he could have gone from a state of
illiteracy
to making the Military Survey of Scotland within a year. However, it is possible that the William Roys of TS 20/78 and TS 20/79 were different men, and that one of them was the William Roy of the Military Survey of Scotland.

95
it may have been that this extended family
Earlier notes describe the intimacy between the Dundases and various families who lived within the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire. This closeness is increased by the fact that the uncle of Robert Dundas (2nd Lord President), John Sinclair, married Martha Lockhart, who inherited from her father the lands of Castlehill around Cambusnethan House, a few miles to the west of Wishaw, only three miles north of Hallcraig. Dundas was close to his cousin, Martha’s son John Lockhart, who took his mother’s surname and inherited the lands of Castlehill. Furthermore, in 1721 or 1722 David Watson’s older brother, Robert, had married Henrietta Baillie, the
daughter
of Sir William Baillie of Lamington and Henrietta Lindsay. The Baillie family were resident at the Lamington estate in South Lanarkshire, and Henrietta Baillie was the aunt of the Henrietta Baillie of Bonnington who married Robert Dundas (3rd Lord President). That these families socialised together in the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire is indicated by a letter sent just after Christmas in 1742, from Robert Dundas (2nd Lord President) to Ann Dundas (née Gordon). Robert was staying with his son at Bonnington, and he wrote that ‘we are going just now to dine at Milnton [
sic
] with Charles [Hamilton Gordon]’, and he planned to stay the night at that estate. (Robert Dundas [2nd Lord President] to Ann Dundas (née Gordon), 27 December 1742, NAS, GD235/9/2, f. 87.

96
proper Survey of the Country
John Watson, ‘Memorial’, NRAS 3246, Bundle 89, p. 6.

97
He was at Fort Augustus
Christian, p. 19 and Arrowsmith, p. 7.

98
the Highlands are but little known
Burt, 1754, I p. 5.

99
that nervous expressive tongue
Buchanan, p. 112, cited in Youngson, p. 13.

100
those regions in which
Polybius, Book 34, p. 307.

101
Britain’s roads were notoriously bad
For general histories of Britain’s roads and their construction in this period, see Moir, Esther; Kendrick, p. 3; Reader; Taylor, Christopher; and West.

102
mere beds of torrents and systems of ruts
Thomas De Quincey, cited in Burke, Thomas, p. 93 and Esther, 1964, p. 8.