Malcolm X (68 page)

Another source advised on August 20, 1958, that the YSC was officially dissolved on August 18, 3958, as a tactical move by the youth faction of the Detroit Branch SWP.

The SWP has been designated pursuant to Executive Order 10450.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book benefited greatly from the research conducted by members of the Malcolm X seminar I taught at Stanford during the spring of 1991. I wish to thank Leslie Alexander, Kwame Anku, DoBee Ferrell, Michael Friedly, Elizabeth Haydel, Laurie McLean, Antoinette Rogers, Dionne Scott, and Eric Young. Seminar member Heidi Hess made a special contribution to this research effort by volunteering to continue work after the academic year.

I also appreciate the assistance and intellectual stimulation I received from Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project staff members and summer interns at Stanford. Andre Namphy of Harvard University worked closely with me as a research assistant during the final stages of manuscript preparation. I also received valuable assistance from King Project interns Brian Woods of Emory University, Holly Bass of Sarah Lawrence College, Theresa Napson of American University; Pamela Nadsen of Columbia University; Audia Wells of Emory University, and Michele Mitchell of Northwestern University. Finally, as always, I benefited from the stimulating comments, critical and supportive, of King Project staff members, namely Stewart Burns, Pete Holloran, Susan Carson, Karl Knapper, Megan Maxwell, and Virginia Shadron.

Accra, Ghana,
326
–
27

ACT,
276

Adams, John,
271
,
325

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
79
,
335
–
37

Adefumi, Baba Oseijetnan,
422
,
444

Africa, tour of,
273
,
305
,
308

see also
individual names of cities and countries

African-American advancement,
32

African Liberation Demonstration Day,
463

African Summit Conference,
78
,
79

Afro-American Broadcasting and Recording Company,
355

Ali, John,
70
,
321
,
325

Ali, Muhammad:
See
Clay, Cassius

Allah Temple of Islam.'
See
Muslim Cult of Islam

American Nazi Party,
194
,
486
–
87

“The American Negro: Problems and Solutions” (program),
200
–
203

American Youth for Democracy,
115

Amsterdam News: See New York Amsterdam News

Assassination, Malcolm X,
83
,
360
–
76
,
398
–
405
,
426
–
31

investigation of,
85
,
377
–
78
,
412
–
19

trial concerning,
432
–
42

“The Assassination of Malcolm X: Unanswered Questions and the Trial”, FBI review of,
450
–
51

Association of Ghanaian Journalists,
326

Audubon Ballroom in New York,
76

Malcolm X shot at,
83

OAAU rally at,
40
,
82
–
83

The Autobiography of Malcolm X
(Haley),
19
,
85

Awolowo, Akiyele,
422
,
444

AYD:
See
Crispus Attucks Club of the American Youth for Democracy

Baldwin, James,
68

Baldwin, Lewis V.,
33

Bandung Conference of Negro Leaders,
174
–
75

Bulkhead, Tallulah,
130

Baraka, Imamu:
See
Jones, Le Roi

Barnes, Jack,
81
,
85

“Barry Gray Show” (radio program),
273
,
316
–
17

Benjamin X:
See
Goodman, Benjamin X

Berger, Morroe,
66

Benon, Pierre,
81

Betty X:
See
Sanders, Betty

Bevel, James,
42

Biblei
See
Christianity

Birmingham, Alabama riots,
239
–
40

Birthday anniversary,
453
–
64

Black Muslim:

movement,
200
–
202

program,
224
–
25

as a religion,
346
–
47

Black Nationalism,
20
,
259
,
261
–
62

definition of,
24
–
25

party,
256

politicization of,
30
–
44

Black Panther party,
46

Black Supremacy:

debate, on “Pro and Con” radio program,
180
–
90

Wilkins on,
168
–
69

BLACKPRO,
45

“Bob Kennedy Show” (radio program),
264
–
65

Book reviews, FBI,
447
–
53

Brown, Benjamin,
390

Brown, Earl,
166

Brown, Jimmy,
276

Brown, Sonny,
59

Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education,
135

Brown's Chapel A. M. E. Church,
82

speech at,
41
–
42

Bunch, Ralph,
165

Butler, Norman 3X,
84
,
85
,
86
,
385
,
389
,
402
–
403
,
404
,
405
,
439
–
40

trial and conviction of,
432
–
42

Cairo, Egypt,
329
,
330
–
31

Caragulian, Bea and Joyce,
59

Carmichael, Stokely,
39
,
47
,
422
,
444

FBI memorandum on,
17

Carrington, Walter,
65
,
200

on black Moslems and integration,
202

Castro, Fidel,
65
,
193
,
197
,
198
–
99

CBS Robert Trout News,
175

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
431

Charles
26
X,
85
,
409

Charles
37
X:
See
Morris, Charles
37
X

Chicago Defender
,
278

Chicago Tribune
,
279
,
425

Christianity,
127
–
28
,
185
–
86

and the Bible,
107

Church Committee hearings (1975),
27
,
91

CIA:
See Central
Intelligence Agency

Civil Rights Bill,
77

Civil rights leaders, relationship with,
281
–
83

Civil rights movement, southern,
32

Civil rights organizations, relationship with,
281
–
83

Clark, Kenneth B.,
66

Clay, Cassius,
71
,
75
,
84
,
249
,
252
,
255
,
276
,
284
–
85

apartment gutted by fire,
378
–
79

Clay, Rudolph,
255

Cleage, Albert B.,
36

COINTELPRO: See
Counterintelligence Program

Collins, Ella,
422
,
444

Columbia University,
83

Committee to Aid the Monroe Defendants,
66

Communist Party,
99
–
100
,
115

Provisional Organizing Committee for a Marxist-Leninist,
212
–
13

relationship with,
204
,
212

Conakry, French West Africa,
337

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
45
,
73

“Contact” (radio program),
317

“Conversation for Peace” (radio program),
319
,
321
–
22

CORE:
See
Congress of Racial Equality

Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO),
26
,
44
–
45

initial goals of,
30

long-range goals of,
17

memorandum,
30

policy toward black militancy,
45

targets Black Panther Party,
46

County Civic League,
219
–
20

Crispus Attucks Club of the American Youth for Democracy (AYD),
31
,
60
,
100

Crosse, Rupert,
455

Crummell, Alexander,
24

Daily News
,
111

The Daily Telegraph
,
309

Daily Worker
(Communist newspaper),
31

Davis, Ossie,
41
,
84
,
386
,
395

Dee, Ruby,
386
,
395

Delany, Martin,
24

Dermody, Vincent J.,
86
,
422
,
434
,
435
,
436
,
437
,
438
,
440

Dignity Projection and Scholarship Award ceremony,
82

Doar, John,
376

Dred Scott Decision,
211

DuBois, Shirley Graham,
311
,
331
,
332

DuBois, W. E.,
332

Durant, Mr.,
86
,
438

Durso, Joe,
259

Ebony
magazine,
72

Eisenhower, Dwight,
110
,
135
,
138
,
139
,
140
,
191

El-Shabazz, Malik;
See
Malcolm X

Emergency Committee for Unity on Social and Economic Problems (EUSEP),
209

The End of White World Supremacy
, FBI review of,
451
–
53

Eugene V, Debs Club,
66

EUSEP:
See
Emergency Committee for Unity on Social and Economic Problems

Evening Star
,
224

Evers, Medgar,
35

Eviction trial,
274

Extremism,
309

Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC),
214
,
487
–
88

Far East trip,
179

See also
individual names of cities and countries

Fard, W. D.,
58

Farmer, James,
66
,
281
–
82
,
382
–
83
,
386
,
395

on assassination of Malcolm X,
84

Farrakkan, Louis:
See
Louis X

Faubus, Governor,
135
,
139

FBI:
See
Federal Bureau of Investigation

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
91

interview with Malcolm X,
114
–
15

investigation of Nation of Islam,
91
–
92

Negro Agents,
392

primarily concerned with communists
29

quest to establish ties between NOI and leftist organizations,
207
–
14

reasons for surveillance of Malcolm X,
18
,
25
–
30
,
95

shifts focus on black nationalist militancy,
45
–
46

First Congress of the Council of African Organizations,
42
,
82

Fisher, Roger D.,
200

FNP:
See
Freedom Now Party

“Focus” (radio program), Malcolm X interview on,
231
–
41

FOI:
See
Fruit of Islam

Fontenette, Vernon John, Jr.:
See
Sukumu, Imamu

FPCC:
See
Fair Play for Cuba Committee

France, Malcolm X banned from,
350
–
51

Francis, Reuben X,
83
,
85
,
364
,
365
,
405
,
423
–
24

Frank, Lee X,
145

Freedom Now Party (FNP),
309

Freedomways
,
332

Freedomways Associates, Incorporated,
488
–
89

Fruit of Islam (FOI),
64
,
67
,
96
,
109
,
130
,
489

Fuller, Howard,
460

Funeral services, Malcolm X,
386
,
394
–
97

Garrow, David,
26

Garvey, Marcus,
24
,
27
,
91
,
146
,
147

General Intelligence Division,
91

George Lincoln Rockwell Party,
486
–
87

George Washington Carver Club,
73

Girard College,
123

Goldberg, Arthur,
335

Goldman, Eric P.,
66

Goodman, Benjamin X,
82
,
356

Goodwill Tour of the Brotherhood of Islam,
61
–
62
,
129
–
30

Granger, Lester,
186

Grant, Earl,
72
,
83
,
280

Gravitt, Joseph,
260

Gray, Jesse,
40
,
396
–
97

Gregory, Dick,
321
,
395