Life in a Medieval Village (27 page)

2.
Applebaum, “Roman Britain,” in The
Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 53.

3.
Bigmore,
Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire Landscape,
pp. 37-42.

4.
Frank M. Stenton,
Anglo-Saxon England,
Oxford, 1971, p. 25.

5.
H. C. Darby, “The Anglo-Scandinavian Foundations,” in Darby, ed.,
New Historical Geography,
pp. 13-14.

6.
Ibid., p. 15.

7.
H. P. R. Finberg, “Anglo-Saxon England to 1042,” in
The Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 422.

8.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles,
trans. by Anne Savage, London, 1983, pp. 90-92, 96.

9.
J. A. Raftis,
The Estates of Ramsey Abbey: A Study of Economic Growth and Organization,
Toronto, 1957, pp. 6-9.

10.
A. Mawer and F. M. Stenton,
The Place-Names of Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire,
London, 1926, pp. 183-184; James B.Johnston,
The Place Names of England and Wales,
London, 1915, p. 258; Eilert Ekwall,
The
Concise
Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names,
Oxford, 1947, p. 158.

11.
Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis,
pp. 112-113.

12.
Ibid., pp. 135-140.

13.
E. A. Kosminsky, Studies in
the Agrarian History of England in the Thirteenth Century,
Oxford, 1956, p. 73.

14.
Cartularium monasterii de Rameseia,
ed. by William Hart, London, 1884-1893, vol. 1, p. 234. (Henceforth referred to as
Cart. Rames.)

15.
Barbara Dodwell, “Holdings and Inheritance in East Anglia,”
Economic History
Review 2nd ser. 20 (1967), p. 55.

16.
Raftis, Estates
of Ramsey Abbey,
pp. 26-34.

17.
Susan B. Edgington, “Ramsey Abbey vs. Pagan Peverel, St. Ives, 1107,” Records
of Huntingdonshire 2
(1985), pp. 2-5; Edgington, “Pagan Peverel: An Anglo-Norman Crusader,” in
Crusade and Settlement,
ed. by P. Edbury, Cardiff, 1985, pp. 90-93.

18.
H. C. Darby, “Domesday England,” in Darby, ed.,
New Historical Geography, p.
39.

19.
W. Page and G. Proby, eds.,
Victoria History of the Counties of England: Huntingdonshire,
vol. 1, London, 1926, p. 344. (Henceforth referred to as
V.C.H. Hunts.)

20.
Rotuli Hundredorum temp. Hen. III et Edw. I in Turn Lond’ et in curia receptae scaccarii Westm. asservati,
London, 1818, vol. 2, p. 656. (Henceforth referred to as Rot.
Hund.
)

21.
Beresford, Lost
Villages, p.
55.

22.
G. R. Owst,
Literature and Pulpit in Medieval England,
Oxford, 1961, pp. 27-28, 37.

23.
R. H. Hilton, A
Medieval Society: The West Midlands and the End of the Thirteenth Century,
New York, 1966, p. 95; Hoskins,
The Midland Peasant,
p. 284; Chapelot and Fossier,
Village and House,
pp. 253-254, 296-302; Margaret Wood,
The English Mediaeval House,
London, 1965, pp. 215-216; Maurice W. Barley,
The English Farmhouse and Cottage,
London, 1961, pp. 22-25; H. M. Colvin, “Domestic Architecture and Town-Planning,” in A. Lane Poole, ed.,
Medieval England,
London, 1958, vol. 1, pp. 82-88.

24.
Wood, English
Mediaeval
House, p. 293.

25.
Chapelot and Fossier,
Village and House,
pp. 313-315; Sarah M. McKinnon, “The Peasant House: The Evidence of Manuscript Illuminations,” in Raftis, ed.,
Pathways
to
Medieval Peasants,
p. 304; Colvin, “Domestic Architecture,” p. 87.

26.
Hurst, “The Changing Medieval Village,” pp. 42-43; Beresford and Hurst,
Deserted Medieval Villages,
pp. 104-105; Hilton, A
Medieval Society,
p. 97.

27.
Bedfordshire Coroners’
Rolls, ed. by R. F. Hunnisett, Streatley, England, 1969, pp. 8, 35,45, 83, 92, 112-113.

28.
Elton Manorial Records, 1279-1351,
ed. by S. C. Ratcliff, trans, by D. M. Gregory, Cambridge, 1946, p. 152. (Henceforth referred to as E.M.R.)

29.
Ibid., pp. 392, 393.

30.
Hilton, A
Medieval Society,
p. 95.

31.
Beresford and Hurst,
Deserted Medieval Villages,
p. 116.

32.
E.M.R., pp. 196, 300, 316; Grenville Astill, “Rural Settlement, the Toft and the Croft,” in Astill and Grant, eds.,
Countryside of Medieval England,
pp. 36-61.

33.
E.M.R., p. 52.

34.
Ibid., pp. 52, 370.

35.
Ibid., p. 52.

36.
Ibid., pp. 50, 82, 110.

37.
Rot.
Hund.,
p. 656; Leslie E. Webster and John Cherry, “Medieval Britain in 1977,” Medieval Archaeology 22 (1978), pp. 142, 178.

38.
E.M.R., pp. 22, 66, 275.

39.
Ibid., pp. 13, 79, 214.

40.
Ibid., pp. 137, 138, 169, 275, 322, 323, 336.

41.
Ibid., p. 213.

42.
Ibid., pp. 21, 64, 138, 169, 170, 215, 386.

43.
Ibid., pp. 65, 66, 80, 169, 174, 176, 185, 322, 323.

44.
Ibid., pp. 14, 22, 137, 386.

45.
Ibid., pp. 14, 137, 138, 139, 323.

46.
Ibid., pp. 137, 138, 168, 214, 371.

47.
Ibid., p. 169.

48.
Ibid., pp. 137, 213, 214, 272, 288.

49.
Ibid., pp. 52, 77-78.

50.
Ibid., p. 112.

51.
Ibid., pp. 10, 19, 57, 126, 158, 203, 266-267.

52.
Ibid., p. li.

53.
Brian K. Roberts,
The Making of the English Village, a Study in Historical Geography,
Harlow, England, 1987, pp. 21-29; Chapelot and Fossier,
Village and House,
p. 184.

54.
Hilton, A
Medieval Society,
pp. 93-95.

55.
E.M.R.,
p. 69.

56.
Rot.
Hund.,
pp. 656-658.

57.
Hilton, A
Medieval Society,
p. 92.

58.
E.M.R., p. 97.

59.
Rot.
Hund.,
p. 657.

1.
The Estate Book of Henry de Bray, Northamptonshire, c. 1289-1340,
ed. by D. Willis, Camden Society 3rd ser. 27 (1916).

2.
Miller and Hatcher,
Medieval England,
p. 17.

3.
R. H. Hilton,
The English Peasantry in the Later Middle Ages,
Oxford, 1975, pp. 132-133.

4.
Homans,
English Villagers,
pp. 330-331.

5.
Raftis,
Estates of Ramsey Abbey,
p. 77; R. Lennard,
Rural England, 1086-1135, a Study of Society and Agrarian
Conditions, Oxford, 1959, p. 199.

6.
Christopher Dyer, Lords
and Peasants in a Changing Society: The Estates of the Bishopric of Worcester, 680-1548,
Cambridge, 1980, p. 55; Duby,
Rural Economy and Country Life,
p. 35.

7.
Kosminsky, Studies in Agrarian History, Table 3, p. 100; Cart.
Rames.,
vol. 1, pp. 294, 306.

8.
Raftis,
Estates of
Ramsey
Abbey,
pp. 68-69.

9.
E.M.R., p. 117.

10.
Ibid., pp. 193, 299.

11.
Ibid., p. 45.

12.
Ibid., p. 46.

13.
Ellen W. Moore,
The Fairs of Medieval England: An Introductory Study,
Toronto, 1985.

14.
Cart. Rames., vol. 2, p. 342.

15.
George Homans, “The Rural Sociology of Medieval England,” Past
and Present
4 (1953), p. 39.

16.
Ibid., p. 40.

17.
Walter of Henley’s Husbandry, Together with an Anonymous Husbandry, Seneschaucie, etc.,
ed. by E. Lamond, Oxford, 1890, p. 35.

18.
Ibid.
(Rules of St. Robert),
p. 125.

19.
Ibid. (Seneschaucie), pp. 88—89; Frances Davenport,
The Economic Development of a ‘Norfolk Manor,
1086-2565, Cambridge, 1906, pp. 22-23.

20.
Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie),
p. 105.

21.
E.M.R., p. xviii.

22.
E.M.R.,
p. 173; Davenport, Economic
Development of a Norfolk Manor,
p. 23.

23.
Miller and Hatcher,
Medieval England,
pp. 192-193.

24.
Walter of Henley,
p. 11.

25.
E.M.R., pp. xxxvii-xxxviii.

26.
Ibid., pp. 2, 4, 138, 272, 275, 386.

27.
Ibid., pp. 67-68, 140-141, 276-277.

28.
Ibid., pp. 13, 67.

29.
Ibid., p. 63.

30.
Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie),
p. 99.

31.
Homans,
English Villagers,
pp. 297-305; Duby,
Rural Economy and Country Life,
p. 233; Raftis,
Estates of Ramsey Abbey,
pp. 125-127; Miller and Hatcher,
Medieval England,
pp. 193-197.

32.
Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie),
pp. 100-102.

33.
E.M.R., pp. 56-85.

34.
Ibid., p. 15.

35.
Ibid., p. 24.

36.
Ibid., p. 68.

37.
Raftis,
Estates of
Ramsey
Abbey,
p. 95.

38.
Nigel Saul, Scenes
from Provincial Life, Knightly Families
in
Sussex, 1280-1400,
Oxford, 1987, p. 127.

39.
Geoffrey Chaucer,
The Canterbury Tales,
in
The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer,
ed. by F. N. Robinson, Boston, 1933, p. 25 (lines 593-594).

40.
Walter of Henley,
pp. 17-18.

41.
J. S. Drew, “Manorial Accounts of St. Swithun’s Priory, Winchester,” in E. M. Carus-Wilson, ed.,
Essays in Economic History,
London, 1962, pp. 27-30.

42.
Walter of Henley,
p. 11.

43.
Homans, English
Villagers,
p. 293.

44.
E.M.R., pp. 70, 79, 278, 373.

45.
Walter of Henley (Rules of St. Robert),
p. 145.

46.
Cart. Rames., vol. 3, pp. 168-169, 230-232.

47.
Paul Vinogradoff,
The Growth of the
Manor, London, 1911; Dyer, Lords
and Peasants,
p. 67.

48.
M. M. Postan, “The Famulus: The Estate Labourer in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries,”
Economic History Review,
supplement no. 2, Cambridge, 1954, p. 3.

49.
E.M.R., pp. 16, 173, 218.

50.
Ibid., pp. 24, 48, 172-173, 217-218.

51.
Postan, “The Famulus,” p. 21; Cart.
Rames.,
vol. 3, pp. 236-241; vol. 1, pp. 319, 330, 340, 351, 363.

52.
Postan, “The Famulus,” p. 21.

53.
Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie),
p. 110;
Walter of Henley,
pp. 11-13; David L. Farmer, “Prices and Wages,” in H. E. Hallam, ed.,
The Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 2,
1042-1350,
Cambridge, 1988, p. 748; Annie Grant, “Animal Resources,” in Astill and Grant, eds.,
Countryside of Medieval England,
p. 174.

54.
E.M.R., pp. 25-26; J. A. Raftis, “Farming Techniques (East Midlands),” in
The Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 2, pp. 336-337.

55.
E.M.R., p. 173.

56.
Raftis,
Estates of Ramsey Abbey,
p. 206.

57.
E.M.R., pp. lii-liii.

58.
Raftis,
Estates of Ramsey Abbey,
p. 167.

59.
Warren O. Ault, Open-Field
Farming in Medieval England: A Study of Village By-Laws,
London, 1972, p. 31.

60.
Farmer, “Prices and Wages,” in
The Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 2, p. 734.

61.
Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie),
p. 113.

62.
Walter of Henley,
p. 25.

63.
Robert Trow-Smith, History
of British Livestock Husbandry,
London, 1957-1959, vol. 1, p. 156.

64.
Ibid., p. 153.

65.
E.M.R., pp. liii-liv.

66.
Trow-Smith, British Livestock
Husbandry,
vol. 1, p. 149.

67.
Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie),
pp. 117-118.

68.
E.M.R., p. Iv.

69.
Miller and Hatcher,
Medieval England,
p. 77.

70.
Walter of Henley (Rules of St. Robert),
p. 141.

71.
E. A. Kosminsky, “Services and Money Rents in the Thirteenth Century,” in Carus-Wilson, ed., Essays in Economic History, pp. 31-48.

72.
The Estate Book of Henry de Bray,
pp. xxiv-xxvii.

73.
Beresford and Hurst,
Deserted Medieval Villages,
p. 127.

74.
Walter of Henley,
p. 19.

75.
Ibid., p. 29.

76.
E.M.R., pp. 17, 25.

77.
Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie),
p. 113.

78.
Trow-Smith, British
Livestock Husbandry,
p. 112.

79.
Ibid., p. 161; Farmer, “Prices and Wages,” in
The Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 2, p. 757; E.M.R., p. liii.

80.
Miller and Hatcher,
Medieval England,
p. 215.

81.
Thirsk, “Farming Techniques,” in
The Agrarian History of England and Waks,
vol. 4, p. 163.

82.
Trow-Smith,
British Livestock Husbandry,
p. 169.