Laughter in Ancient Rome (89 page)

Sybarites, jokes on,
206
,
275n80

Tacitus: on German laughter,
52
; on Nero,
236n54
; on ridicule,
232n6

Tarentines, laughter at Romans,
4
,
6
,
220n10

Terence: modern translations of,
16
; stage directions for,
16

—The Eunuch:
adaptation of Menander,
90–91
;
adridere
in,
71–72
; audience reaction to,
15–17
; causes of laughter in,
11–12
,
14
; characters of,
9–10
; Donatus on,
12
,
13
,
221n30
,
222n38
,
223n47
; flattery in,
141
; Greek jokes in,
89–91
; jokes of,
9–12
,
14
,
18
,
176–77
,
205
,
222n37
; parasite of,
10–11
,
12
,
90
,
148
,
221n29
; performances of,
221n28
; popularity of,
8
,
221n26
; scripted laughter in,
8–11
,
14
,
16
; sources of,
243n74

—Heauton Timorumenus,
scripted laughter in,
16–17

Tertullian: on Crassus the agelast,
178
; on mime,
168

Testamentum Porcelli,
266n98

theater, Roman,
8
; during Megalesia festival,
9
; “monkey business” of,
ix
; oratory and,
251n82
.
See also
comedy, Roman; mime

theatergoers, ancient: shared experiences of,
15

Theocritus,
242n60

Theophrastus:
De aquis,
224n12
; Pliny the Elder’s use of,
26–27
,
30

Thierfelder, A.,
269n7
,
272n50

Thomas, Keith,
59
,
61
,
234n29
; on continuity of laughter,
66
; on early English laughter,
50
; on hearing laughter,
52
; Neale Lecture of,
231n3

threats, laughter at,
2–3

Tiberius, Emperor: banquets of,
145
; court jesters of,
143
,
144–45
,
256n63
; stinginess of,
153

tickling,
39
; Aristotle on,
35
; Darwin-Hecker hypothesis of,
230n74
; Pliny the Elder on,
25
,
34–35
; in
Problems,
43
,
230n73
; of rats,
47
; social conditions of,
43

Tiro, compendium of Cicero’s jokes,
104
,
246n17

Titius Maximus,
139
,
254n39

toadies.
See
parasites

tombs, jokes on,
189
,
270n21

totalitarianism: laughter in,
225n26
; resistance through laughter,
5
,
30
,
220n17

Tractatus Coislinianus,
on comedy,
31
,
225nn28–29

Trajan, Emperor:
civilitas
of,
131

Trebonius, Gaius,
104

Trollope, Anthony: death from laughter,
177
,
265n92

Trophonius, oracle: loss of laughter at,
174–75

truth and falsehood, in Roman laughter,
125–26
,
129

Tunbridge Wells, jokes about,
271n30

Turnbull, Colin,
231n79
;
The Forest People,
45–46

Twain, Mark,
56
;
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court,
53

tyrants: control of laughter,
134
; jokes of,
129
,
130

Tzetzes, John,
269n9
; use of
Philogelos,
187

the unexpected, laughter at,
117–18

urbanitas:
changing ideas of,
250n67
; Cicero’s,
103
; Domitius Marsus on,
124
; Quintilian on,
125

urbanus sal,
126
,
252n107

urine, in fulling industry,
196
,
272n52

Valerius Maximus,
266n112
; on death by laughter,
177
; jokes in,
214
,
252n10

Vatinius: Cicero’s attack on,
106
,
122–23
,
251n89
; jokes on himself,
251n101
; relationship with Cicero,
122–23
,
251n90

Vatinius (court jester),
143

Velleius Paterculus,
History of Rome,
189

Venus, laughter of,
81

Verrius Flaccus,
264n73
; on Zeuxis,
172–73

Versnel, H. S.,
235n44

Vespasian, Emperor:
civilitas
of,
130
;
dicacitas
of,
153
; funeral procession of,
146
,
256n72
; jocularity of,
133–34

Victoria, Queen,
237n60

Virgil: Diocletian’s quoting of,
13
; words for laughter,
75
; words for smiles,
73

—Aeneid:
interpretation of Homeric laughter,
88–89
; laughter in,
81

—Eclogue 4
: Christian readings of,
84
; laughter in,
81–85
; manuscript tradition of,
83
,
242nn54
,
64
; Quintilian on,
83
; Renaissance readings of,
241n54
; smiling in,
84
; textual emendations to,
82–83
; translations of,
84
,
242n59