Laughter in Ancient Rome (84 page)

mimesis, tragic,
263n63

mimicry: barristers’ use of,
145
; failed,
164–66
; production of laughter,
112
,
170
,
249n57
; relationship to laughter,
119
,
160
,
167–72
,
263n62
; in Roman culture,
163
; in Suetonius,
263n64
.
See also
imitation

misers, jokes about,
191

misogyny, ancient: at elderly women,
173
,
264n76

misrule: decline in celebrations,
66
; rituals of,
60
.
See also
carnival

Monaco, G.,
248n41

Mona Lisa,
smile of,
233n22

monkeys and apes: comic nature of,
27
,
161
,
166
; depiction of Roman heroes as,
162–63
; dissection of,
27
,
224n14
; as failed mimics,
164–66
; as flatterers,
163
; hands of,
165
; in Greek literature,
161
,
261n23
; images of,
162–63
,
165
,
261nn32
,
34
; imitative,
161–62
,
163–64
,
165
; Latin puns on,
162
,
261n27
; laughter of,
231n82
; Roman idea of,
260n21
; tea parties (of chimpanzees),
161
,
260n21
.
See also
primates

Morreall, J.,
229n64
,
230n68

mulsum
(unwatered wine), donkeys’ drinking of,
180

Mummius, jokes about,
189

Murdoch, Iris,
131
;
The Sea, the Sea,
213–14
;
276n5

Murena, Lucius Licinius: Cicero’s defense of,
102

Murgia, Charles,
54–56
,
232nn12–13

Musca, Aulus Sempronius,
120

mutism: Aesop’s,
138
,
144
; cultural roles of,
254n34

Mutus Argutus
(funerary inscription),
144
,
255n61

names, Roman: jokes on,
120

Nero, Emperor: as Saturnalian king,
64
,
236n54

Nero, Gaius Claudius:
ridiculum
of,
117

Nesselrath, H.-G.,
226n29

Nicolaus of Damascus:
Historia,
252n4
; on Sulla,
129–30

Nietzsche, F: on carnival,
63
,
235n42
; on Hobbes,
45

Nisbet, Robin,
84
,
242n59

Nonius Marcellus, on vocabulary of laughter,
72

numbers, jokes about,
198–99
,
269n7

obscenity, as catalyst for laughter,
119

Oliensis, Ellen,
68

orators, Roman: as butt of jokes,
120
; comparison to mime actors,
119
,
120
,
167
,
170
; comparison to
scurrae,
121–22
,
129
; dangers of imitation for,
250n80
; personal responsibility of,
121
; stylistic changes among,
124
; use of laughter,
19
,
54
,
99–100
,
105–8
,
170
.
See also
laughter, Roman oratorical; wit, Roman oratorical

Ovid: laughter in,
71
,
81
; view of Greek culture,
243n66
; words for smiles,
74

—Art of Love,
81
; advice to young men,
157
; women’s laughter in,
157–59
,
159

—Metamorphoses:
laughter in,
136–37
,
253n28
;
rictus
in,
260n14

paintings, ancient: laughter in,
57
,
233n21

Palamedes, as inventor of the joke,
208–9
,
275nn86–87

Palmer, A.-M.,
259n102

Panayotakis, Costas,
172
,
262n49
,
263n57
; on Petronius,
264n71

Panksepp, J.,
231n83

pantomime, ancient,
78
; Macrobius on,
168
,
170
; and mime,
168
,
241n38
,
262n50
; women in,
255n62

papyrus, joke fragments in,
204
,
274n76

parasites,
147–52
; at banquets,
148
,
149
,
150–51
,
209
; etymologies of,
148–49
; in
The Eunuch
,
10–11
,
12
,
90
,
148
,
221n29
; flattery by,
150
; Greek prose tradition of,
258n89
; Greek versus Roman,
149
; jokebooks of,
149–50
,
193
,
202–3
,
205
; laughter of,
71
,
141
,
150–51
; monkeys as,
163
; in Plautus,
149–50
,
203
,
257nn82–83
,
86
; in Plutarch,
257n87
; pranks played on,
148
;
ridiculi
,
150
,
257n86
; in Roman culture,
149
,
163
; scholarship on,
257n80
;
scurrae
and,
153