Jefferson and Hamilton (76 page)

5
. James Craig to GW, January 6, 1778,
PGWR
13:160–61; Patrick Henry to GW, February 20, 1778, ibid., 13:609; John Ferling,
Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence
(New York, 2007), 282–86. On Lee’s 1776 comments about GW’s inability, see
PGWR
7:237–38n.

6
. AH to George Clinton, February 13, 1778,
PAH
1:428.

7
. Charles Lee to Joseph Reed, November 24, 1776, in
Lee Papers, Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the Year 1871, … 1872, … 1873, … 1874
(New York, 1872–1875), 2:305–6; Nathanael Greene to Griffin Greene, May 25, 1778, in Richard K. Showman et al., eds.,
The Papers of Nathanael Greene
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1976–2005), 2:406; Elias Boudinot, “Exchange of Major-General Charles Lee,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
15 (1891): 32–33.

8
. AH to Lord Stirling, July 14, 1778,
PAH
1:522; AH to Boudinot, July 5, 26, 1778, ibid., 1:510, 528.

9
. Proceedings of a General Court-Martial for the Trial of Major General Charles Lee, July 13, 1778,
PAH
1:520–21; AH to Boudinot, July 26, 1778, ibid., 1:528; AH to Stirling, July 14, 1778, ibid., 1:522.

10
. Lee to Gouverneur Morris, July 3, 1778,
Lee Papers
, 2:457; Lee to Reed, July 22, 1778, ibid., 2:479; Lee to the President of Congress, April 22, 1780, ibid., 3:424; Lee to Greene, September
12, 1782, ibid., 4:35; “General Lee’s Vindication to the Public,”
Pennsylvania Packet
, December 3,
1778
, ibid., 3:255–65; [Charles Lee], “A Short History of the Treatment of Major General Conway …,”
Pennsylvania Packet
, December 3, 1778, ibid., 3:265–69; [Charles Lee], “Some Queries, Political and Military, Humbly Offered to the Consideration of the Public,”
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser
, July 6, 1779, ibid., 3:341–45.

11
. AH to John Laurens, April 1779,
PAH
2:35.

12
. Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 328; Holly A. Mayer,
Belonging to the Army: Camp Followers and Community During the American Revolution
(Columbia, S.C., 1996), 147–49.

13
. AH to Catherine Livingston, April 11, May [?], 1777,
PAH
1:225–27, 258–60; ibid., 2:262n, 521n.

14
. AH to Laurens, April 1779,
PAH
2:37–38.

15
. AH to Laurens, April [?], September 11, 1779, January 8, March 30, 1780,
PAH
2:35, 165, 255, 304.

16
. AH to ESH, June– October [?], July 2–4, 20, August [?] and 31, September 3, 6, October 2, 13, 27, 1780,
PAH
2:350, 351, 361, 388, 399, 419, 423, 449, 474, 493; AH to Laurens, June 30, 1780, ibid., 2:348.

17
. AH to ESH, June– October, 1780,
PAH
2:350.

18
. Thomas K. McGraw,
The Founders and Finance: How Hamilton, Gallatin, and Other Immigrants Forged a New Economy
(Cambridge, Mass., 2012), 47, 66; Richard B. Morris,
The Forging of the Union, 1781–1789
(New York, 1987), 34–37. The quotation from Congress’s Circular Letter to the states can be found in Morris, page 35.

19
. GW to John Augustine Washington, May 12, 1779,
PGWR
20:462; McGraw,
The Founders and Finance
, 65.

20
. Richard Buel Jr.,
In Irons: Britain’s Naval Supremacy and American Revolutionary Economy
(New Haven, Conn., 1998), 129–32; Richard Buel Jr.,
Dear Liberty: Connecticut’s Mobilization for the Revolutionary War
(Middletown, Conn., 1980), 103, 171; E. James Ferguson,
The Power of the Purse: A History of Public Finance, 1776–1790
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1961), 32, 35–39, 44–47, 126; GW to the President of Congress, July 9, 1779,
WW
15:391–92; GW to Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779, ibid., 16:372; GW to John Armstrong, May 18, 1779,
PGWR
20:517–19.

21
. AH, Publius Letters, nos. 1–3, October 16, 26, November 16, 1778,
PAH
1:562–63, 567–70, 580–82.

22
. GW to George Mason, March 27, 1779,
PGWR
19:627–28; GW to Burwell Bassett, April 22, 1779, ibid., 20:161; GW to Gouverneur Morris, May 8, 1779, ibid., 20:384–86; GW to William Fitzhugh, April 10, 1779, ibid., 20:30–31; GW to Lund Washington, May 29, 1779, ibid., 20:688–89.

23
. AH to George Clinton, February 13, 1778,
PAH
1:425; AH to Laurens, September 11, 1779, ibid., 2:167.

24
. AH, Pay Book of the State Company of Artillery, [1777],
PAH
1:373–411; McGraw,
The Founders and Finance
, 61–62.

25
. AH to Laurens, May 22, September 11, 1779,
PAH
2:53, 166–67; AH to James Duane, September 14, 1779, ibid., 2:173.

26
. AH to Laurens, May 22, 1779, March 30, 1780,
PAH
2:53, 303.

27
. AH to Laurens, March 30, June 30, 1780,
PAH
2:303, 347; AH to Duane, May 14, 1780, ibid., 2:321.

28
. AH to Laurens, June 30, 1780,
PAH
2:347; AH to ESH, September 25, 1780, ibid., 2:441; AH to Isaac Sears, October 12, 1780, ibid., 2:473.

29
. For Hamilton’s proposed remedies, see AH to [?], [December 1779– March 1780],
PAH
2:234–51; AH to Duane, September 3, 1780, ibid., 2:400–18; AH to Sears, October 12, 1780, ibid., 2:472–73; AH to Robert Morris, April 30, 1781, ibid., 2:604–35. The quotations can be found on pages 401, 402, 406, and 605.

30
. AH to Laurens, September 12, 1780,
PAH
2:427.

31
. GW to John Sullivan, February 4, 1781,
WW
21:181, 180–81n; Jack N. Rakove,
The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress
(Baltimore, 1979), 282–83, 302.

32
. Joyce Lee Malcolm, “Slavery in Massachusetts and the American Revolution,”
Journal of the Historical Society
10 (2010): 429–34.

33
. AH to John Jay, March 14, 1779,
PAH
2:17–19. See also Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 65, 113, 341–42.

34
. Henry Laurens to GW, March 16, 1779,
PGWR
19:503; GW to Laurens, March 20, 1779, ibid., 19:542; ibid., 504–5n.

35
. JA to TJ, May 26, 1777,
PJA
5:204.

36
. Lee to TJ, May 3, 1779,
PTJ
2:263; Pendleton to TJ, May 11, 1779, ibid., 2:266; Fleming to TJ, May 10, 11, 22, 1779, ibid., 2:264, 265, 267–69.

37
. Lee to TJ, May 3, 1779,
PTJ
2:262.

38
. John Selby,
The Revolution in Virginia, 1775–1783
(Williamsburg and Charlottesville, Va., 1988), 209.

39
. Alf Mapp,
Thomas Jefferson
(New York, 1987–1991), 1:128–29.

40
. TJ to Lee, June 17, 1779,
PTJ
2:298; TJ to William Phillips, June 25, 1779, ibid., 3:15.

41
. TJ to William Phillips, June 25, 1779,
PTJ
3:15; Fleming to TJ, May 22, 1779, ibid., 2:269.

42
. TJ to John Jay, June 19, 1779,
PTJ
3:5; Michael Kranish,
Flight from Monticello: Thomas Jefferson at War
(New York, 2010), 114–17; Michael A. McDonnell,
The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2007), 343–44.

43
. GW to TJ, December 11, 1779,
PTJ
3:217.

44
. Board of War to TJ, December 23, 1779,
PTJ
3:238–40; TJ to Benjamin Harrison, December 23, 1779, ibid., 241; TJ to Lee, January 2, 1789, ibid., 3:260.

45
. TJ to the Board of War, November 15, 18, December 23, 1779, January 19, 1780,
PTJ
3:186, 193–94, 240, 264; Board of War to TJ, November 15, 16, December 11, 16, 23, 1779, March 23, 1780, ibid., 3:187–89, 215, 223, 238, 330; TJ, Instructions to Inspector of Stores and Provisions, January 25, 1780, ibid., 3:269.

46
. McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 277, 393–94, 411–19; L. Scott Philyaw, “A Slave for Every Soldier: The Strange History of Virginia’s Forgotten Recruitment Act of 1 January 1781,”
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
109 (2001), 367–86; Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 130; TJ to GW, December 16, 1779,
PTJ
3:228; TJ, Form of Recruiting Commission, [November 28, 1780], ibid., 3:330; Henry to TJ, February 15, 1780, ibid., 3:293.

47
. TJ to Lee, June 17, 1779,
PTJ
2:298; TJ to GW, June 19, 1779, ibid., 3:6; TJ to George Rogers Clark, January 1, 1780, ibid., 3:258.

48
. TJ to GW, September 26, 1779, December 13, 1780,
PTJ
3:665; 4:204; TJ to Clark, December 25, 1780, February 19, 1781, ibid., 4:233, 653.

49
. GW to Lafayette, March 8[– 10], 1779,
WW
14:219; GW to Committee of Conference, January 8, 1779, ibid., 13:485–91; GW to TJ, April 15, 1779,
PTJ
3:352; Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 347.

50
. TJ to GW, February 17, 1780,
PTJ
3:297.

51
. TJ to Philip Mazzei, May 31, 1780,
PTJ
3:405.

52
. TJ to Lee, September 13, 1780,
PTJ
3:642.

53
. TJ to Samuel Huntington, June 9, 1780,
PTJ
3:427; TJ to GW, June 11, 1780, ibid., 3:432; TJ to Horatio Gates, August 4, September 3, 1780, ibid., 3:526, 588.

54
. TJ to GW, July 2, 1780,
PTJ
3:478.

55
. GW to TJ, July 18, 1780,
PTJ
3:489–90.

56
. Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 437–43.

57
. AH to Boudinot, July 5, 1778,
PAH
1:512; AH to James Duane, September 6, October 18, 1780, ibid., 2:420–21, 479; AH to ESH, September 6, 1780, ibid., 2:422.

58
. TJ to Gates, September 3, 1780,
PTJ
3:588; TJ to Huntington, September 3, 14, 1780, ibid., 3:589–90, 647–48; TJ to North Carolina Board of War, September 23, 1780, ibid., 3:659; TJ to GW, September 23, 1780, ibid., 3:660.

59
. TJ to Huntington, October 25, 1780,
PTJ
4:67; GW to TJ, September 11, October 10, 1780, ibid., 3:639; 4:27. TJ also thought the British unlikely to send a large force southward so long as the French fleet, superior in size to the Royal Navy in the Chesapeake region, remained in North American waters. See TJ to Huntington, September 14, 1780, ibid., 3:647.

60
. Thomas Nelson to TJ, October 21, 1780,
PTJ
4:54–55; TJ, Steps to Be Taken to Repel General Leslie’s Army, October 22[?], 1780, ibid., 4:61–63; TJ to Gates, October 28, 1780, ibid., 4:78; Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 477.

61
. Quoted in Carl P. Borick,
A Gallant Defense: The Siege of Charleston, 1780
(Columbia, S.C., 2003), 230, 233.

62
. Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 451–63.

63
. See Theodore Thayer,
Nathanael Greene: Strategist of the Revolution
(New York, 1960); Terry Golway,
Washington’s General: Nathanael Greene and the Triumph of the American Revolution
(New York, 2005); Gerald M. Carbone,
Nathanael Greene: A Biography of the American Revolution
(New York, 2010).

64
. General Greene’s Requisition for the Southern Army, November 20, 1780,
PTJ
4:133–34; Greene to TJ, November 20, 1780, ibid., 4:130–32.

65
. TJ to Friedrich von Steuben, December 4, 6, 8, 21, 30,
PTJ
4:178, 185, 188–89, 219–20, 250; Steuben to TJ, December 28, 1780, ibid., 4:244; Greene to TJ, December 6, 1780, ibid., 4:183.

66
. TJ to Steuben, December 21, 1780,
PTJ
4:219.

67
. TJ to Virginia Delegates in Congress, October 27, 1780,
PTJ
4:4:77; Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 138–39.

68
. TJ to GW, October 22, 1780,
PTJ
4:60; Page to TJ, December 9, 1780, ibid., 4:192. On GW’s despair in the dark days of the New York campaign in 1776, see GW to John Augustine Washington, September 22, 1776,
PGWR
6:371–74.

69
. GW to TJ, November 8, December 9, 1780,
PTJ
4:105, 195.

70
. TJ, Diary of Arnold’s Invasion and Notes on Subsequent Events in 1781 [The 1796? Version], December 31, 1780, January 1, 1781,
PTJ
4:258; Arnold’s Invasion as Reported by TJ in the
Virginia Gazette
, January 13, 1781, ibid., 4:269.

71
. For the account of Arnold’s invasion and raid on Richmond, see TJ, Diary of Arnold’s Invasion, January 2–5, 1781,
PTJ
4:258–59; TJ,
Virginia Gazette
, January 13, 1781, ibid., 4:269–70; Depositions of Archibald Blair, Daniel Hylton, and James Currie, October 12, 1796, ibid., 4:271–72; TJ to GW, January 10, 1781, ibid., 4:333–35; TJ to George Weedon, January 10, 1781, ibid., 4:335–36; Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 167–99; Selby,
Revolution in Virginia
, 222–25.

72
. Willard M. Wallace,
Traitorous Hero: The Life and Fortunes of Benedict Arnold
(New York, 1954), 274.

73
. Quoted in McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 402.

74
. Selby,
Revolution in Virginia
, 223–24; John Ferling,
Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution
(New York, 2000), 232. The Page and Pendleton quotes can be found in Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 203–4.