India After Gandhi (156 page)

Authors: Ramachandra Guha

Tags: #History, #Asia, #General, #General Fiction

BOOK: India After Gandhi

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⁵⁸	Stephen Alter, Amritsar to Lahore: Crossing the Border between India and Pakistan (New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2000), pp. 132–3, 136, 172–3, 178.
⁵⁹	‘Bowled Over by Bollywood’, Guardian Weekly, 27 May–5 June 2005.
⁶⁰	‘Move over LA, Here Comes Bombay’, The Times, 22 June 2000.
⁶¹	Time, 27 October 2003. See also the essays in Raminder Kaur and Ajay J. Sinha, Bollywood: Popular Indian Cinema through a Transnational Lens (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005).
⁶²	Sudhanva Deshpande, ‘Hindi Films: The Rise of the Consumable Hero’, Himal South Asian, August 2001.
⁶³	Times of India, 25 February 2004.
⁶⁴	S. S. Vasan, ‘Film Production in India Today’, in R. M. Ray, ed., Film Seminar Report 1955 (New Delhi: Sangeet Natak Akademi, 1955), pp. 33–5.

Epilogue: Why India Survives

¹	Robert D. Kaplan, ‘The Lawless Frontier’, Atlantic Monthly, September 1999.
²	Ayaz Amir, ‘The Beauty of Democracy’, first published in Dawn, reprinted in The Asian Age, 17 May 2004.
³	Yogendra Yadav, ‘Understanding the Second Democratic Upsurge: Trends of Bahujan Participation in Electoral Politics in the 1990s’, in Francine R. Frankel, Zoya Hasan, Rajeev Bhargava and Balveer Arora, eds, Transforming India: Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 133.
⁴	Report in the Deccan Herald, 10 October 2004.
⁵	Bela Bhatia, ‘The Naxalite Movement’ in Central Bihar’, unpublished PhD thesis, Faculty of Social and Political Studies, Cambridge University, 2000, pp. 11–20.
⁶	J. M. Lyngdoh, quoted in Times of India, 3 December 2003.
⁷	See, for instance, the collected works of R. K. Laxman, published by Penguin India. Laxman is the most prolific and (by common consent) the most original of Indian cartoonists, but there have been many other gifted practitioners, who, like him, specialize in political satire.
⁸	Obituary in The Telegraph (Kolkata), 2 January 2003.
⁹	Benedict Anderson, The Spectre of Comparisons (London: Verso, 1998), p. 132.
¹⁰	Sunil Khilnani, ‘Democracy and Nationalism in India’, lecture delivered at the Collège de France, 30 May 2005, p. 2.
¹¹	Isaiah Berlin, ‘Nationalism: Past Neglect and Present Power’ (1979), in his Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, ed. Henry Hardy (London: Pimlico, 1997), pp. 346–7, 353–4.
¹²	The modern literature on nationalism would fill a decent-sized library. For a sampling of relevant works see Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983); Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983); Anthony D. Smith, The Ethnic Origin of Nations (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986); Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992); Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993); Tom Nairn, Faces of Nationalism: Janus Revisited (London: Verso, 1997). Cf. also the classic early work of Hans Kohn: Nationalism: Its Meaning and History (Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1955).
¹³	See Mukul Kesavan, Secular Common Sense (New Delhi: Penguin India, 2001).
¹⁴	See Javeed Alam, Who Wants Democracy? (New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2004).
¹⁵	Bernard D. Nossiter, Soft State: A Newspaperman’s Chronicle of India (New York: Harper and Row, 1970), pp. 119–23.
¹⁶	Joseph Stalin, Marxism and the National Question (London: Martin Lawrence, 1936), pp. 5–6.
¹⁷	Quoted in Peter A. Blitstein, ‘Nation-Building or Russification? Obligatory Russian Instruction in the Soviet Non-Russian School’, in Ronald Grigor Suny and Terry Martin, eds, A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Building in the Age of Lenin and Stalin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 255.
¹⁸	See Neil DeVotta, Blowback: Linguistic Nationalism, Institutional Decay and Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2004), pp. 89–91.
¹⁹	See S. M. Burke, ed., Jinnah: Speeches and Statements 1947–1948 (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 150 (emphasis added).
²⁰	Arundhati Roy, ‘How Deep Shall We Dig’, The Hindu, 25 April 2004.
²¹	Cf. Hugh Tinker, Reorientations: Studies on Asia in Transition (Bombay: Oxford University Press), pp. 71f.
²²	Pratap Bhanu Mehta, The Burden of Democracy (New Delhi: Penguin India, 2003), pp. 28, 114–15.
²³	Michael Howard, quoted in Samuel Huntingdon, Who Are We? America’s Great Debate, Indian edn (New Delhi: Penguin India, 2004), pp. 28–9.
²⁴	Cf. David Gilmour, The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj (London: John Murray, 2005).
²⁵	CAD, vol. 10, pp. 43–51.
²⁶	On the history and functioning of the IAS see David C. Potter, India’s Political Administrators: From ICS to IAS (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996); K. P. Krishnan and T. V. Somanathan, ‘Civil Service: An Institutional Perspective’, in Devesh Kapur and Pratap Bhanu Mehta, eds, Public Institutions in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004).
²⁷	Nehru to General Lockhart, 13 August 1947, in Group 49, Part I, Cariappa Papers, National Archives of India, New Delhi.
²⁸	See papers in Group21, Part II, ibid.
²⁹	Nehru to Cariappa, 13 October 1952, in Group XLIX, Part I, Cariappa Papers.
³⁰	Report in The Hindu, 14 January 1953, reproduced in the same newspaper on 14 January 2003.
³¹	See correspondence in Group 49, Part I, Cariappa Papers, National Archivesof India, New Delhi.
³²	Note of 12 December 1958, Group 33, Part I, ibid. Cariappa went on to claim that for these Pakistani generals ‘war between India and Pakistan was simply unthinkable’.
³³	Frank Moraes to General Cariappa, 19 December 1968, Group 49, Part I, ibid.
³⁴	J. S. Aurora, ‘If Khalistan Comes, the Sikhs will be the Losers’, in Patwant Singh and Harji Malik, eds, Punjab: The Fatal Miscalculation (New Delhi: Patwant Singh, 1985), pp. 137–8.
³⁵	C. Rajagopalachari quoted in Guy Wint, Spotlight on Asia (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1955), p. 130.
³⁶	George Woodcock, Beyond the Blue Mountains: An Autobiography (Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside, 1987), p. 105.
³⁷	S. Gopal, ‘The English Language in India Since Independence’, in John Grigg, ed., Nehru Memorial Lectures, 1966–1991 (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 202–3.
³⁸	Jonathan Parry, ‘Nehru’s Dream and the Village “Waiting Room”: Long-Distance Labour Migrants to a Central Indian Steel Town’, paper to be published in Contributions to Indian Sociology .
³⁹	See Nasreen Munni Kabir, Talking Films: Conversations on Hindi Cinema with Javed Akhtar (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 35.
⁴⁰	Martin Walker, Makers of the American Century (London: Chatto and Windus, 2000), Preface.
⁴¹	Samuel Huntingdon, Who Are We? (reprint: New Delhi. Penguin India, 2004), pp. xv–xvi, 12, 40, 61, 63, 171, 232, 316 etc.
⁴²	John Howard interviewed in Time, 6 March 2006.
⁴³	Ronald W. Clark, JBS: The Life and Work of JBS Haldane (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968).
⁴⁴	J. B. S. Haldane to Geoff Conklin, 25 July 1962, J. B. S. Haldane Papers, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.
⁴⁵	J. Neyman(Professor of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley) to Haldane, 18 September 1961, ibid.
⁴⁶	Haldane to Neyman, 26 September 1961, ibid.
⁴⁷	D. N. Chatterjee to P. N. Haksar, 6 July 1971, Subject File 171, Haksar Papers, Third Instalment, NMML.

Index

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Abbas, Ghulam
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Abbas, Khwaja Ahmad
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Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammad
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