India After Gandhi (154 page)
Read India After Gandhi Online
Authors: Ramachandra Guha
Tags: #History, #Asia, #General, #General Fiction
| Cf. Hindustan Times , 20 June 2003. | |
| Hindustan Times , 30 January 2005; the New Sunday Express , 30 January 2005. | |
| Reported in The Hindu , 17 May 2005. | |
| Muzamil Jaleel, writing in the Indian Express , 8 April 2005. | |
| See ‘Politics as a Vocation’, in Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills, eds, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946). | |
| See, for a general overview of corruption in contemporary India, Shiv Visvanathan and Harsh Sethi, eds, Foul Play: Chronicles of Corruption (New Delhi: Banyan Books, 1998). | |
| B. S. Nagaraj, ‘Smokescreen Resort’, Indian Political Review , July 2003. | |
| Peter Ronald deSouza, ‘Democracy’s Inconvenient Fact’, Seminar, November 2004; Prem Shankar Jha, ‘Keep it Poll-ution Free’, Hindustan Times , 2 January 2006; report in the Times of India (Bangalore edition), 21 January 2006. | |
| Sunday , 2–9 March 1985. | |
| Reetika Khera, ‘Monitoring Disclosures’, Seminar, February 2004. This account of the criminalization of politics also draws upon information supplied by Professor Trilochan Sastry, a founder member of the Association for Democratic Reforms, the group which filed the original PIL in the Supreme Court. | |
| Samuel Paul and M. Vivekananda, ‘Holding a Mirror to the New Lok Sabha’, Economic and Political Weekly , 6 November 2004. | |
| For a vivid portrait of one notorious criminal in politics, the Bihar MP Mohammad Shahabuddin, see Saba Naqvi Bhowmick, ‘The Saheb of Siwan: The Tale of an Indian Godfather’, in First Proof: The Penguin Book of New Writing from India , vol. 1 (New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2005). | |
| Arild Engelsen Ruud, ‘Talking Dirty about Politics: A View from a Bengali Village’, in C. J. Fuller and Veronique Benei, eds, The Everyday State and Society in India (New Delhi: Social Science Press, 2000), pp. 116–18. | |
| Report in the International Herald Tribune , 19 November 2004. | |
| Jorge Louis Borges, The Total Library: Non-Fiction, 1922–1986, ed. Elliot Weinberger and trans. Esther Allen, Jill Levine and Elliot Weinberger (London: Penguin Books, 2001), p. 309; R. W. Southern, Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1970), p. 154. | |
| See, in this connection, Akhil Gupta, ‘Blurred Boundaries: Corruption and the Local State’, originally published in the American Ethnologist and reprinted in Zoya Hasan, ed., Politics and the State in India (New Delhi, Sage Publications, 2000); Jonathan Parry, ‘The “Crises of Corruption” and “The Idea of India”’, in Italo Pardo, ed., Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and System (Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000). | |
| See Ashish Khetan, ‘Taint at the Top’, Tehelka , 23 April 2005. | |
| P. S. Appu, ‘The All-India Services: Decline, Debasement and Destruction’, Economic and Political Weekly , 26 February 2005. | |
| M. N. Buch to the Prime Minister of India, 15 March 2003. (I am grateful to Mr Buch for sending me a copy of the letter.) | |
| See Anindita Dasgupta, ‘Tripura’s Brutal Cul de Sac’, Himal, December 2001. | |
| As reported in Grassroots Options , February 1997. | |
| Harish Khare, ‘Voting the Periphery Out’, The Hindu , 20 March 2004. | |
| André Béteille, ‘The Executive and the Judiciary’, The Hindu , 8 May 2001. | |
| These paragraphs on the judiciary are based on the outstanding work of S. P. Sathe: Judicial Activism in India: Transgressing Borders and Enforcing Limits , 2nd ed. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002). The Madurai example is taken from the New Indian Express , 23 September 2003. | |
| M. P. Singh, ‘To Govern or not to Govern: The Dilemma of the Newlndian Party System, 1989–1991’, in M. P. Singh, ed., Lok Sabha Elections 1989: Indian Politics in the 1990s (Delhi: Kalinga Publications, 1992), p. 202. |
29. R
ICHES
| Quoted in the Current, 22 September 1954. | |
| ‘The World this Week’, MysIndia , 23 January 1955; ‘Towards Totalitarianism’, MysIndia , 8 May 1955; ‘A Fatal Economic Policy’, MysIndia , 8 November 1953. | |
| Cf. Jagdish Bhagwati and Padma Desai, India: Planning for Industrialization: Industrialization and Trade Policies since 1951 (London: Oxford University Press, 1970). | |
| J. R. D. Tata, interviewed by Fatma Zakaria, Times of India , 12 July 1981. | |
| See Dani Rodrik and Arvind Subramanian, From ‘ Hindu Growth ’ to Productivity Surge: The Mystery of the Indian Growth Transition (National Bureau of Applied Economic Research, Washington, March 2004). | |
| Anne O. Krueger and Sajjid Chinoy, ‘The Indian Economy in Global Context’, in Anne O. Krueger, ed., Economic Policy Reforms and the Indian Economy (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002). For an overview of the Indian economy on the eve of the reforms, see Bimal Jalan, ed., The Indian Economy: Problems and Prospects (New Delhi: Viking, 1992). | |
| Arvind Panagriya, ‘Growth and Reforms during 1980s and 1990s’, Economic and Political Weekly , 19 June 2004. | |
| Ashok V. Desai, My Economic Affair (New Delhi: Wiley Eastern, 1993); Kaushik Basu, ‘Future Perfect?’, Hindustan Times , 5 May 2005. | |
| Dennis J. Encarnation, Dislodging Multinationals: India ’ s Strategy in Comparative Perspective (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989), pp. 214–15, 225. | |
| Nagesh Kumar, ‘Indian Software Industry Development: International and National Perspective’, Economic and Political Weekly , 10 November 2001; Pradosh Nath and Amitava Hazra, ‘Configuration of Indian Software Industry’, Economic and Political Weekly , 23 February 2002; Arun Shourie, ‘Ensuring IT remains Indian Territory’, New Indian Express , 3 January 2004. | |
| AnnaLee Saxenian, ‘Bangalore: The Silicon Valley of Asia?’, in Krueger, Economic Policy Reforms , p. 175. | |
| Raj Chengappa and Malini Goyal, ‘Housekeepers to the World’, India Today , 18 November 2002; ‘Outsourcing to India’, The Economist , 5 May 2001. | |
| Saritha Rai, ‘Prayers Outsourced to India’ and ‘US Kids Outsource Homework to India’, both originally published in The NewYork Times , reprinted in The Asian Age, 14 June 2004 and 11 September 2005. | |
| Shankkar Aiyar, ‘Made in India’, India Today , 1 December 2003. | |
| R. Nagaraj, ‘Foreign Direct Investment in India in the 1990s: Trends and Issues’, Economic and Political Weekly , 26 April 2003. | |
| Arvind Virmani, ‘India’s External Reforms: Modest Globalisation, Significant Gains’, Economic and Political Weekly , 9 August 2003. | |
| This paragraph is based on Harish Damodaran, India ’ s New Capitalists (New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2008). | |
| E. Sridharan, ‘The Growth and Sectoral Composition of India’s Middle Class: Its Impact on the Politics of Economic Liberalization’, India Review , vol. 3, no. 4, 2004. | |
| Cf. William Mazzarella, Shovelling Smoke: Advertising and Globalization in Contemporary India (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003), pp. 74–6, 240, 258 etc. | |
| Filippo Osella and Caroline Osella, Social Mobility in Kerala: Modernity and Identity in Conflict (London: Pluto Press, 2000), p. 127. | |
| See, among other works, the special issue on ‘Poverty Reduction in [the] 1990s’, of the Economic and Political Weekly , 25–31 January 2003; K. Sundaram and Suresh D. Tendulkar, ‘Poverty in India in the 1990s: An Analysis of Changes in 15 Major States’, Economic and Political Weekly , 5 April 2003; Angus Deaton, ed., The Great Indian Poverty Debate (New Delhi: Macmillan India, 2005). | |
| The words of the novelist Eduardo Galeano, writing of the Latin American city, which in these respects is wholly of a piece with its Indian counterpart, in ‘The Other Wall’, New Internationalist , November 1989. | |
| Cf. special issue on ‘Footloose Labour’, Seminar, November 2003; Supriya Roychowdhury, ‘Labour Activism and Women in the Unorganised Sector: Garment Export Industry in Bangalore’, Economic and Political Weekly , 28 May–4 June 2005; and, for a more general overview, Ajit K. Ghose, ‘The Employment Challenge in India’, Economic and Political Weekly , 27 November 2004. | |
| P. K. Joshi, Ashok Gulati, Pratap S. Birthal and Laxmi Tewari, ‘Agriculture Diversification in South Asia: Patterns, Determinants and Policy Implications’, Economic and Political Weekly , 12 June 2004; M. S. Sidhu, ‘Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry in India: An Appraisal of the Post-Reform Period’, Economic and Political Weekly , 9 July 2005. | |
| Ramesh Chand, ‘Whither India’s Food Policy: From Food Security to Food Deprivation’, Economic and Political Weekly , 12 March 2005; Jean Drèze, ‘Praying for Food Security’, The Hindu , 27 October 2003; Madhura Swaminathan, Weakening Welfare: The Public Distribution of Food in India (New Delhi: LeftWord Books, 2000); Ashok Gulati, Satu Kåhkonen and Pradeep Sharma, ‘The Food Corporation of India: Successes and Failures in Foodgrain Marketing’, in Satu Kahkonen and Anthony Lanyi, eds, Institutions, Incentives and Economic Reforms in India (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000); and, especially, P. Sainath, Everybody Loves a Good Drought: Stories from India ’s Poorest Districts (New Delhi: Penguin India, 1996). | |
| P. Sainath, ‘Trains Raided for Water in TN’, Times of India , 14 May 1993; Sowmya Sivakumar and Eric Kerbart, ‘Drought, Sustenance and Livelihoods: “Akal” Survey in Rajasthan’, Economic and Political Weekly , 17 January 2004. | |
| Verrier Elwin, Maria Murder and Suicide (Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1943). | |
| Farmers’ suicides are the subject of a remarkable series of field reports published by P. Sainath in The Hindu, too numerous to list individually, but easily tracked down on www.thehinduonnet.com. See also R. S. Deshpande and Nagesh Prabhu, ‘Farmers’ Distress: Proof beyond Question’, Economic and Political Weekly , 29 October 2005; Tehelka, special issue on the farming crisis, 6 March 2004. | |
| Cf. Myron Weiner, The Child and the State in India (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990). | |
| Jean Drèze and Aparajita Goyal, ‘Future of Mid-Day Meals’, Economic and Political Weekly, 1 November 2003. | |
| Sucheta Mahajan, ‘MVF India – Education as Empowerment’, Mainstream , 16 August 2003; Rukmini Banerji, ‘Pratham Experiences’, Seminar, February 2005. | |
| See ‘The PROBE Team’, Public Report on Basic Education in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999), chapter 9. | |
| Vimala Ramachandran, ‘The Best of Times, the Worst of Times’, Seminar, April 2004. | |
| Subhadra Menon, No Place to Go: Stories of Hope and Despair from India ’ s Ailing Health Sector (New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2004). | |
| Jo Johnson, ‘The Road to Ruin’, Financial Times , 13 /14 August 2005. | |
| Pamela Philipose, ‘India Is Seriously Sick’, New Indian Express , 24 January 2006. | |
| Arjan De Haan and Amaresh Dubey, ‘Poverty, Disparities, or the Development of Underdevelopment in Orissa’, Economic and Political Weekly , 28 May–4 June 2005; Sanjay Kumar, ‘Adivasis of South Orissa: Enduring Poverty’, Economic and Political Weekly , 27 October 2001; Jean Dreeze, ‘No More Lifelines: Political Economy of Hungerin Orissa’, Times of India, 17 September 2001. | |
| Meena Menon, ‘The Battle for Bauxite in Orissa’, The Hindu , 20 April 2005. | |
| Anon., The Struggle against Bauxite Mining in Orissa (Bangalore: Peoples Union for Civil Liberties, 2003); Anon., How Wrong? How Right? (Kashipur: Agragamee, 1999). | |
| Quoted in Manash Ghosh, ‘Sins of Development’, The Statesman , 9 March 1999. | |
| Darryl D’Monte, ‘Another Look at “Backwardness”’, Lokmat Times , 13 October 2000, and ‘Recent Memories of Underdevelopment’, article posted at www.tehelka.com, 12 October 2000. | |
| The Struggle against Bauxite Mining , pp. 15–16; reports in the Indian Express , 18 and 19 December 2000. | |
| Bibhuti Mishra, ‘Patnaik’s Industrialisation Killing Orissa’s Environment?’, Tehelka, 19 November 2005. | |
| See reports in The Hindu , 4 and 5 January 2006. | |
| Montek S. Ahluwalia, ‘Economic Reform of States in Post-Reform Period’, Economic and Political Weekly , 6 May 2000; S. Mahendra Dev, ‘Post-Reform Regional Variations’, Seminar, May 2004. | |
| Cf. K. P. Kannan, ‘Shining Socio-Spatial Disparities’, Seminar, May 2004; Jean Drèze, ‘Where Welfare Works: Plus Points of the T[amil] N[adu] Model’, Times of India , 21 May 2003. | |
| Angus Deaton and Jean Drèze, ‘Poverty and Inequality in India: A Re-Examination’, Economic and Political Weekly , 7 September 2002. | |
| T. N. Srinivasan, Eight Lectures on India ’ s Economic Reforms (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 31. | |
| On migration from rural Bihar in particular, see Gerry Rodgers and Janine Rodgers, ‘A Leap Across Time: When Semi-Feudalism Met the Market in Rural Purnia’, Economic and Political Weekly, 2 June 2001; Alakh N. Sharma, ‘Agrarian Relations and Socio-economic Change in Bihar’, Economic and Political Weekly , 5 March 2005. |
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