Hunger's Brides (218 page)

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Authors: W. Paul Anderson

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What do you say to someone who doesn't want to go on? But who knows, who can make
sense
of this. And just when did we start to presume some divine right to understand things?

The miracle is that we understand anything at all. In the end.

In her pages I have seen the Sistine Chapel made with Popsicle sticks, I have wandered with her ten years in the Amazon, to the ruins of the absolute book. I have tried to make sense of some small part of it. And now, maybe, I have.

You see, I always thought she'd called that night to ask for help. In all this time, in this season of thinking about nothing else, it never once occurred to me. It might have been the other way around.

What do you say to someone who doesn't want to go on? The man who would, the one who chooses to go forward is the man who lets himself be broken. So he can begin as new. That man begins in some small way as her creation, and sets out to make a life of his own. To make another start.

This ceremony, too, begins with the heart.

J
UANA
I
NÉS DE LA
C
RUZ

In recognition of the inimitable plumes of Europe,
whose praise has so increased my work's worth

    When, divine Spirits,
gentlest Swans, when
did my carelessness
merit your cares?
    Whence, to me, such elegies?
Whence, on me, such encomiums?
Can distance by so very much
have enhanced my likeness?
    Of what stature have you made me?
What Colossus forged,
that so ignores the height
of the original it dwarfs?
    I am not she whom you glimpsed in
the distance; rather you have given
me another self through your pens,
through your lips, another's breath.
    And abstracted from myself,
among your quills, I err,
not as I am, but in her—
the one you sought to conjure….

T
IMELINE
        
1321
Dante's
The Divine Comedy
is written not in Latin but in an Italian dialect.
1325
The Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán, is founded on the site of present-day Mexico City.
1428
*
      
The Aztec poet-emperor Nezahualcóyotl creates the Council of Music, for the study of art, astronomy, medicine, literature and history.
1440
Cosimo de Medici founds the Florentine Academy, for the study of antiquity and the patronage of the arts and sciences.
1478
Ferdinand and Isabela receive papal approval to establish the Spanish Inquisition.
1492
Columbus discovers India somewhere near the Bahamas.
1517
Bartolomeo de las Casas, first Spanish priest ordained in the New World, begins a campaign against the oppression of the American Indians.
1519
Cortés lands on the shores of the Aztec empire.
1520
A guest of the Aztec Emperor, Hernán Cortés takes his host prisoner.
1521
The Aztec capital is sacked after a siege and naval blockade.
1532
A guest of the Inca Emperor, Francisco Pizarro takes his host prisoner.
1543
In Mexico, the apostolic Inquisitor Juan de Zumárraga is relieved of his position, for excess of zeal.
1571
The Spanish conquest of the Philippines is consolidated; Spain is a dominant power on four continents.
1577
Catholic mystic and poet John of the Cross is imprisoned in Toledo, Spain; composes
Dark Night of the Soul
subsequent to his escape.
1583
Examined at length by the Inquisition,
The Interior Castle
by Saint Teresa of Ávila is published following her death.
1588
First performance of Christopher Marlowe's
Dr. Faustus
.
1588
The Spanish Armada is destroyed off the English coast
1589
*
The grandfather of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz is born in Andalusía, Spain.
1600
Philosopher Giordano Bruno, author of
On the Infinite Universe and Worlds
, dies at the stake in Rome following an eight-year trial.
1600
Shakespeare writes
Julius Caesar
and
Hamlet
.
1615
Cervantes completes
Don Quixote
.
1618
Start of Thirty Years' War.
1624
*
Sor Juana's grandfather leaves for the New World.
1630
Spanish playwright Tirso de Molina creates the character of Don Juan in
The Libertine of Seville and the Stone Guest
.
1633
The Holy Office of the Inquisition begins the trial of Galileo.
1634
An affair involving Cardinal Richelieu of France, the Ursuline convent of Loudun, demonic possession of nuns, priestly satyriasis and exorcisms, culminates in Pastor Urbain Grandier's being burned alive at the stake.
1648
Sor Juana is born Juana Inés Ramírez de Santillana y Asbaje in a mountain village near Mexico City.
1648
End of Thirty Years' War.
1649
Massive
auto de fe
conducted by the Inquisition in Mexico City.
1650
René Descartes dies at the palace of Queen Christina in Sweden.
1659
In Spain, the painter Velázquez is made Knight of the Order of Santiago.
1660
Peace of the Pyrenees: Louis XIV of France marries María Teresa, daughter of Spanish King Philip IV.
1661
Hunchbacked, mentally deficient Carlos, future King of Spain, is born to Philip IV and his niece, Queen Mariana.
1664
At the age of sixteen, the poetess Juana Inés Ramírez de Santillana enters the Viceroyal Palace in Mexico City as handmaiden to the new Vice-Queen.
1665
In the year of his death, Philip IV loses Portugal, his army reduced from 15,000 to 8,000 in eight hours of battle.
1665
A royal edict is issued forbidding unauthorized books to enter the Americas.
1666
Antonio Núñez, a Jesuit officer of the Inquisition, is appointed Juana's confessor.
1667
John Milton completes
Paradise Lost
.
1667
Juana Ramírez quits the palace for the convent of San José, and leaves three months later.
1669
Juana enters the convent of San Jerónimo, eventually choosing the religious name of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.
1680
Grandiose
auto da fe
in Madrid; the Queen Mother attends in the company of her dwarf Lucillo. Twelve burned alive.
1680
A comet, eventually to be named after Edmond Halley, appears over Europe and America.
1680
The celebrated poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz is commissioned to create
The Allegorical Neptune
in welcome to the incoming viceroy and vice-queen, an auspicious beginning to Sor Juana's most productive period.
1687
Isaac Newton publishes his
Principia Mathematica
.
1690
Sor Juana's published theological arguments attract the notice of the Inquisition.
1691
Inquisition proceedings are instituted against a priest defending Sor Juana.
1691
August 23rd, a total eclipse of the sun.
1692
Floods, crop infestations, famine in Mexico. In June, a revolt against Spanish authority.
1692
Salem witch-hunts. Nineteen women hanged.
1693
The Archbishop of Mexico publishes an edict condemning the scandal and disorder in the city's twenty-two convents. Sor Juana ceases all writing and study.
1694
Sor Juana's defender is condemned by the Inquisition. March 5th: Sor Juana signs a statement of contrition in blood.
1695
Plague enters Mexico City. Death of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, aged forty-six.

*
approximate dates

N
OTES
        
Echo
BOOK ONE

1.
Ovid,
Metamorphoses
, translated and with a preface by A. E. Watts, with etchings by Pablo Picasso (North Point Press, 1980), p. 62.

2.
The refrain of a poem by Sor Juana.

3.
‘
Siglo de Oro's
latter, better half …' Evincing a certain editorial glee, I'd begun compiling lists of solecisms, errors of fact and anachronisms. But this one gave me pause. First, as a statement of personality it accorded well with widely documented instances of Sor Juana's bold self-awareness. In its devious way, the phrase was also accurate. Spain's
Siglo de Oro
was indeed its golden century, and Sor Juana was arguably the only great poet of its second half. Without her holding down the fort, as it were, it becomes merely a golden half-century. She is also, in the distaff sense, a ‘better half,' being the only great female poet of both that century and that side of the Atlantic divide.

But then what of the anachronisms with which the whole manuscript is rife? Five categories have so far emerged.

i) Unintentional. These are legion.

ii) Deliberate. These are few. (For example, moving the date of a trip or trial from 1678 to 1693.)

iii) Misleading. These seem like anachronisms, but may not be; the intent is evidently to challenge the historical knowledge of someone who reads to debunk. A seventeenth-century reference to cancer, or to a shuttlecock, feels anachronistic even if it isn't.

iv) Aggressive.
Aggressively anachronistic
is a term one might apply to the work as a whole (diction, topics, themes).

Should characters sound
modern
, or instead carry what amounts to a heavy accent that they themselves would not have heard? Which is to say, they will sound bracingly modern to themselves, and we, antiquated, to readers of the future. (Passing over, for a moment, the extent to which ‘modern' is a construct of modernism.)

Is this, then, an objective portrayal of the seventeenth century, or one filtered by our time? The trap here is plain enough: unfiltered, objective portraits are never available to us, and acting as if they were—in history or in fiction—is pretentious.

v) Chronic. (There was a temptation to call this category
meta-temporal
or simply
nonsensical.)
These anachronisms suggest a mission of historical fiction that is not just to lie by getting one's facts scrupulously straight, nor only to interrogate the concept of Fact as cultural artefact, nor even just to pose an alternative to history's account and
thereby a challenge to it, but rather to mount an inquiry into time itself—its ultimate structure and our relationship with it.

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