Human Trafficking Around the World (94 page)
Read Human Trafficking Around the World Online
Authors: Stephanie Hepburn
Tags: #LAW026000, #Law/Criminal Law, #POL011000, #Political Science/International Relations/General
324–29
; asylum process,
320–21
,
321–22
; Coroners and Justice Act,
324–29
; Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010,
324–25
,
326–27
; criterion for trafficking,
295–96
; as destination,
86
,
98
,
315–18
; Detained Fast Track (DFT) process,
321–22
,
328
; domestic workers,
326
; forced labor,
317–18
,
326
,
328–29
; forced prostitution,
417–18
; Home Office,
317
,
322
; human trafficking,
203
,
315–29
,
360
,
438
; immigration,
321–22
,
434–35
; immigration removal centers,
321
; labor trafficking,
317–18
,
326
,
328–29
,
417–18
; migrant workers,
315–16
,
326
; Operation Pentameter
1
,
327
; Operation Pentameter
2
,
327–28
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; prostitution,
316
,
417–18
; residence permits,
323
; Serious and Organized Crime Agency (SOCA),
327
; sex trafficking,
317
; sexual exploitation,
315–16
; Sexual Offences Act,
295–96
,
324–29
; shelters,
323
; victim services,
323
; what happens to traffickers,
324–27
; what happens to victims,
318–23
United Kingdom Border Agency,
318–19
,
328
,
434–35
United Kingdom Human Trafficking Centre (UKHTC),
327
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF),
71
,
84
,
334–35
United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime,
3
,
210–11
,
354
,
410
United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking,
69
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,
5
,
126–27
United Nations Protocol to Prevent Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol),
3–4
,
210–11
,
265–66
,
289–90
,
303–4
,
354
United Nations Refugee Agency,
184–85
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC),
116–17
United States: anti-trafficking cooperation,
127
,
390
,
425–26
; anti-trafficking efforts,
11
,
36–43
,
38
; anti-trafficking laws,
13–14
,
434
; Cass
23
,
6
; child sex tourism,
26–27
; contractors and subcontractors,
138–39
,
144–45
; CPA Order
17
,
112–13
,
131–32
,
138–39
,
144–45
; as destination,
14–24
,
86
,
282–83
; domestic assistance,
38
; forced labor,
11
,
13–43
,
21
t
–23
t
,
86
,
122–23
,
226–29
; forced prostitution,
417–18
; guest workers,
19–20
,
86–87
,
375
; H-1B temporary visas,
13
; H-2A temporary visas,
13–14
,
20
,
87
,
375
; H-2B temporary visas,
13–14
,
20–21
,
24
,
39
,
375
,
432–33
; human trafficking,
24–26
,
161
,
226–27
,
374–75
,
428–29
; immigration protections,
28–30
; international assistance,
37
; labor camps,
11
,
228–29
; labor trafficking,
14
,
15
; National Human Trafficking Resource Center,
37
; Obama administration,
41
; occupation of Iraq,
112–13
,
131–32
,
433
; organized crime,
375–76
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; sanctions against human trafficking nations,
4–5
; Security and Prosperity Partnership for North America,
390
; sex industry,
16
,
375–76
; T (nonimmigrant status) visas,
28–29
,
29–30
,
39
; temporary foreign workers,
431–32
; Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act,
113
; U (nonimmigrant status) visas,
28–29
; Unaccompanied Refugee Minors program,
28
; victim services,
30–31
; Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA),
4
,
13–14
,
27–28
,
32–33
,
36
,
432
,
441n7
; visa programs,
13–14
; what happens to traffickers,
31–36
; what happens to victims,
27–31
,
434
; work visa loopholes,
8
,
11
,
13–43
United States Agency for International Development,
37
United States v. Carreto et al
.,
31
Untouchables.
See
Scheduled Castes UNWTO,
84
Upper Caste,
221
Urfi marriage,
99
Uribe, Álvaro,
121
U.S. Air Force Exchange Service,
138
U.S. Army,
138
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS),
27–28
,
37
; Office of Refugee Resettlement,
37
; Rescue and Restore Victims of Human Trafficking public awareness camess campaign,
37
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS),
19
,
20
,
24
,
30
U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ),
32
,
37
U.S. Department of Labor,
19
,
20
,
24
,
25
,
37
,
375
,
433
; Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),
19
; Office of Administrative Law,
138
U.S. Department of State,
37
,
138
; Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons,
38
;
Trafficking in Persons Report
,
4–5
,
11
,
36
,
45
,
120
,
442n8
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
16
Usina Santa Cruz,
423–24
Uzbekistan,
66–67
,
96
,
97
,
102
,
175–76
,
356
,
397–400
.
See also
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Vasey, Victoria,
190
vassals.
See
slavery
Velásquez Reyes, María de los Ángeles,
376
,
391
Venezuela,
120
,
121
,
122–23
,
129–30
,
417–18
Vicarías de Pastoral Social y de los Trabajadores,
334–35
Victim and Land Restitution Law (Ley de Victimas y de Restitución de Tierra, Law. 1448) (Colombia),
129
victim assistance,
433–35
; absolution,
435
; for adult men,
435–36
; from anti-trafficking offices,
419
; asylum,
295–96
,
299–300
,
320–22
,
345–46
; financial compensation,
89
,
231
,
232
,
245
,
305–6
,
345–46
,
346–47
,
365–66
,
419–20
; humanitarian protection,
320–21
; in-persons,
37
; programs,
181
,
182
,
369
; protections,
318–19
,
344
,
381
; reflection periods,
380
; rehabilitation, reintegration and redress,
223–26
,
344
,
364–65
,
438
; repatriation assistance,
54–55
; residence permits,
179–80
,
190–91
,
323
; safeguards,
174
,
191–92
; services,
285–86
,
323
; shelters,
8
,
323
,
362–63
,
365
; support services,
167
,
318–19
; temporary services,
306–7
; visas,
307
,
420
; witness protection programs,
407
.
See also specific countries of interest
victim rights,
344
victims: criminalization of,
433–35
,
437
; deportation of,
40–41
,
308
,
320–21
,
359–60
,
407
; estimated numbers,
355
; identification of,
57
,
192
,
264–65
,
283–84
,
318–19
,
344
,
347–48
,
349–50
,
363
; punishment of,
199
; what happens to,
27–31
,
54–57
,
67–68
,
87–90
,
102–4
,
123–25
,
142–43
,
152–53
,
166–67
,
181–82
,
435–37
.
See also specific countries of interest
Victims Fund (Canada),
169–70
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA) (U.S.),
4
,
13–14
,
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