Human Trafficking Around the World (87 page)
Read Human Trafficking Around the World Online
Authors: Stephanie Hepburn
Tags: #LAW026000, #Law/Criminal Law, #POL011000, #Political Science/International Relations/General
232
; as transit nation,
229–30
; Ujjawala program,
232
; Upper Caste,
221
; what happens to traffickers,
233–34
; what happens to victims,
230–32
indigenous persons: displaced,
117–18
; forced prostitution of,
306
Indonesia: anti-trafficking efforts,
313
; human trafficking,
46
,
148
,
186–87
; labor trafficking,
63
,
137
; sex trafficking,
303
Industrial Training Program (Japan),
11–12
,
50
,
51
,
52
,
61
,
432
infant abuse,
262–63
infant trafficking,
142
,
289–90
“infiltrators,”
96
Ingrassia, Enrico Raffaele,
180
Ingrassia, William,
180
INM.
See
National Institute of Migration
Innocence Lost National Initiative,
32
Interinstitutional Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons,
126
International Labour Organization (ILO): Convention No. 29 on Forced Labor,
163
; Convention No.
98
, Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining,
163
; Convention No.
105
, Abolition of Forced Labor,
163
; Convention No.
138
, Minimum Age,
163
; Convention on Maritime Labor,
163
; memorandum of understanding with Iran,
199
International Organization for Migration (IOM),
5
,
54–55
,
124
,
150
,
263
,
284
,
361
; and legalization of prostitution,
291–92
; memorandum of understanding with Iran,
199
; Reintegration and Emigration Program for Asylum-Seekers in Germany and the Government Assisted Repatriation Program,
345–46
; shelters,
286
Interpol,
328
investigations and prosecutions,
125
,
343
,
349
.
See also
criminal prosecutions, convictions, and sentences
involuntary servitude,
148
,
201
,
202
,
204
.
See also
slavery
IOM.
See
International Organization for Migration
Iran: Anti–Human Trafficking Law,
199
,
209
,
210–11
; child trafficking,
202
; Constitution,
198
,
206–7
; as destination,
139–40
,
200–202
; discrimination against women and girls,
197
,
198
,
199–211
,
435
; efforts to decrease trafficking,
210–11
; human smuggling,
201
,
202
; human trafficking,
200–211
,
435
; immigration,
200
; migrant labor,
63
,
200
; and Palermo Protocol,
4
,
210–11
; Penal Code,
197
,
198
,
206–10
; prostitution,
204–5
; sex trafficking,
66–67
,
199
; State Welfare Organization for Social Affairs,
207–8
; as transit nation,
200–202
,
210–11
; what happens to traffickers,
208–9
; what happens to victims,
207–8
; youth unemployment,
205
Iraq: anti-trafficking law,
132–34
,
144–45
,
433
; child labor,
134
,
135
,
144
; child soldiers,
7
,
135
; civil unrest,
147–48
; Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA),
112–13
,
131–32
,
433
; CPA Order
17
,
112–13
,
131–32
,
138–39
,
144–45
,
433
; as destination,
137–39
; displaced persons,
111–12
,
131–45
,
147–48
,
433
; efforts to decrease trafficking,
144
; forced labor,
113
,
134
,
137
,
138–39
; forced migration,
147–48
; human trafficking,
113
,
134–44
,
148
,
156
,
203
; Kadhimiya women’s prison,
143
,
435
; labor law,
134
; Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs,
144
; Multi-National Force–Iraq (MNF-I),
112–13
,
131–32
,
138–39
,
433
; organ trafficking,
136–37
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; prostitution,
143
,
435
; sex trafficking,
66–67
,
135–36
,
139–40
; subcontractors,
138–39
,
144–45
; Syrian refugees,
156
; Transitional Administrative Law,
132
; U.S. occupation of,
112–13
,
131–32
,
433
; what happens to traffickers,
143–44
; what happens to victims,
142–43
Iraqi refugees,
149–50
,
156
,
200
Ireland: anti-trafficking efforts,
328
; human trafficking,
98
,
282–83
,
301–2
IRIS (Identification—Reintegration—Independence—Sustainability) project,
364–65
Irish workers,
312–13
IRPA.
See
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
Islamic law,
208
Islamic principles,
241–42
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps,
209
Israel: anti-trafficking efforts,
72
,
103
,
106–9
,
108
; anti-trafficking law,
94
,
98–99
; Authority for the Advancement of Women,
106–7
; B1 visa program,
434
,
443n1
; as destination,
85–86
,
96–98
; Entry into Israel (Amendment No. 21),
107–8
; forced labor,
96–97
; human trafficking,
95
,
98–100
,
102–4
,
104–6
,
282–83
,
402
,
404
; immigration agenda,
108
; Immigration Police,
434
; “infiltrators” to,
96
; Legal Aid Law,
103
; Ministry of Education,
106–7
; Ministry of Health and Social Affairs,
107–8
; Ministry of Interior (MOI),
103–4
; Ministry of Justice,
106–7
; National Economic Council,
107–8
; organ trafficking,
100–101
; organized crime,
96
,
97–98
; Oz Unit,
104
,
434
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; Penal Regulations 5769-2009,
103
; Penalties for Prostitution Advertising,
106–7
; Prohibition of the Use of Paid Sexual Services Law,
106–7
; sex trafficking,
97–98
,
98–99
,
105
,
404
; shelters,
96–97
,
103–4
; Socio-Economic Agenda for 2008–2010,
107–8
; stateless persons,
72
,
94–109
; temporary residence permits,
96
; temporary visas,
103–4
; what happens to traffickers,
104–6
; what happens to victims,
102–4
; work visas,
103–4
Israel Antonio-Morales et al. v. Bimbo’s Best Produce
,
22
t
Issoufou, Mahamadou,
236
Italy: anti–child sex tourism program,
181
; anti-trafficking efforts,
174
,
182
,
184–85
,
328
,
425–26
; child labor,
176
; as destination,
175–80
; detention camps,
184–85
; forced labor,
175
,
178–79
,
360
; forced prostitution,
175–78
,
417–18
; human trafficking,
175–85
,
360
,
402
; immigration law,
181
,
434
; immigration policy,
173–74
,
175
,
178–82
,
184–85
; migrant workers,
179
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; Penal Code,
175
,
183
; prostitution,
175–78
,
182
,
417–18
,
444n1
; race riots,
179–80
; residence permits for trafficking victims,
179–80
,
182
; sex industry,
177
; sex tourism,
180–81
; sex trafficking,
175–78
,
417–18
; as transit nation,
175–80
; Treaty of Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation with Libya,
173–74
,
184–85
,
434
; unaccompanied minors,
176
; victim assistance,
174
,
175
,
181
,
182
,
434
ITPA.
See
Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act
Jabu (child victim),
274–75
Japan: Act on Punishment of Activities Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography,
54
; Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons,
56
,
58–59
,
60–61
,
435–36
; anti-trafficking efforts,
11–12
,
45–46
,
58–61
,
127
; assistance to victims,
54–55
; Child Guidance Centers,
56
; child sex trafficking,
52–53
,
53–54
; commercial sexual exploitation,
46
,
49
,
52–53
; as destination,
46–53
; entertainer visas,
46–47
; forced labor,
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