Hitler's Charisma (51 page)

  
1.
Indeed, even now if the battles are played out on computer simulations, the Allies always win. See Ernest R. May,
Strange Victory, Hitler’s conquest of France
, I. B. Tauris, 2000, p6.

  
2.
Memorandum Brief of the Prosecution, Crimes against Peace: Counts one and four; Planning, Preparing, Initiating and Waging Wars of Aggression and Invasions, the Common Plan or Conspiracy, 26 August 1948, Records of the United States Nuremberg War Crimes Trials Interrogations, 1946–1949. 898, Roll 58, 30.

  
3.
Previously unpublished testimony.

  
4.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

  
5.
Rees,
The Nazis: A Warning from History
, p114.

  
6.
Martin Kitchen,
The Third Reich, Charisma and Community
, Longman, 2008, p306.

  
7.
ibid., p307.

  
8.
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p245.

  
9.
Decree of the ObdH [Commander-in-Chief of the Army], Colonel General von Brauchitsch, to the officers of the army, Berlin 25.10.1939, BArch N 104/3. Quoted in: Helmuth Groscurth,
Tagebücher eines Abwehroffiziers 1938–1940. Mit weiteren Dokumenten zur Militäropposition gegen Hitler
, hrsg. von Helmut Krausnick und Harold C. Deutsch unter Mitarbeit von Hildegard von Kotze, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1970, p386.

10.
Richard Hargreaves,
Blitzkrieg Unleashed
, Stackpole Books (U.S.A.), 2010, p158.

11.
Richard Giziowski,
The Enigma of General Blaskowitz
, Hippocrene Books, New York, and Leo Cooper Books, London, 1997, p143.

12.
Charles Burdick and Hans-Adolf Jacobson (editors),
The Halder War Diary 1939–1942
, Greenhill Books, 1988, entry for 19 September 1939, p57.

13.
Bogdan Musial,
Deutsche Zivilverwaltung und Judenverfolgung im Generalgouvernement
, Wiesbaden, 1999, p106; this figure also quoted in Christopher Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, Heinemann, 2004, p35.

14.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 18 October 1939, p73.

15.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 2 November 1939, quoted in Giziowski,
Enigma
, p162.

16.
Letter of 21 November 1939, Ausgewählte Briefe von Generalmajor Helmuth Stieff (hingerichtet am 8 August 1944), in:
Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte (VfZ)
, Vol. 2, 1954, No. 3, pp291–305. Sections of the letter (but not all these extracts, which are taken from the German original) also in English in Giziowski,
Enigma
, p164.

17.
Heeresadjutant bei Hitler 1938–1943. Aufzeichnungen des Majors Engel
, hrsg. und kommentiert von Hildegard von Kotze, Stuttgart, 1974, p67f. A copy of the diary is in the Institut für Zeitgeschichte (IfZ) Munich, ED 53.

18.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 27 September 1939.

19.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

20.
Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht
(Wehrmachtführungsstab), Band I: 1 August 1940–31 Dezember 1941, geführt von Helmuth Greiner, Bernard & Graefe Verlag für Wehrwesen, Frankfurt am Main, 1965, p950.

21.
May,
Strange Victory
, p287.

22.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 14 October 1939, p72.

23.
ibid.

24.
ibid., entry for 3 November 1939, p76.

25.
Institut für Zeitgeschichte (IfZ) Munich, ZS 603 (von Dohnanyi),
Protokoll der Besprechung mit Frau von Dohnanyi am 1.12.52
, p14f.

26.
Kershaw,
Hubris
, pp269–270.

27.
Previously unpublished testimony.

28.
Bericht zur innenpolitischen Lage (Nr. 15) 13. November 1939, in:
Meldungen aus dem Reich 1938–1945. Die geheimen Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS
. Hrsg. u. eingel. von Heinz Boberach. Band 3, Herrsching, 1984, pp449–456.

29.
Meldungen aus dem Reich (Nr. 28) 13. Dezember 1939, in:
Meldungen aus dem Reich 1938–1945. Die geheimen Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS
. Hrsg. u. eingel. von Heinz Boberach. Band 3, Herrsching, 1984, pp563–573.

30.
Georg Mayer (ed.), Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, entry for 9 October 1939,
Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Lagebeurteilungen aus zwei Weltkriegen
, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1976, pp187–188.

31.
Letter of Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb to Franz Halder on 19 December 1939, typewritten draft; in the original there is a handwritten annotation “send via courier on 20 December 1939. Becker, Major.” From
Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Lagebeurteilungen aus zwei Weltkriegen
, Stuttgart, 1976, pp473–474. A carbon copy of the typewritten draft is in von Leeb’s estate in the Bavarian main state archive, BayHStA, Abt. IV Kriegsarchiv, Nachlass Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb.

32.
Helmuth Groscurth,
Tagebücher eines Abwehroffiziers 1938–1940
. Mit weiteren Dokumenten zur Militäropposition gegen Hitler, hrsg. von Helmut Krausnick und Harold C. Deutsch unter Mitarbeit von Hildegard von Kotze, Stuttgart, 1970, p222.

33.
Letter written by Walther Nehring, a general of the armoured corps, to Geyr von Schweppenburg on 26 October 1967 about whether his [Nehring’s] armoured regiment would have acted against Hitler. Document in Institut für Zeitgeschichte (IfZ) Munich, ED 91/16.

34.
Hitler’s 23 November 1939 speech, Domarus,
Vol. III
, p1887.

35.
Hugh Trevor-Roper,
The Mind of Adolf Hitler
, in
Hitler’s Table Talk
, Phoenix Press, 2002, pxxxvii.

36.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 23 November, p80.

37.
From Brauchitsch’s testimony at Nuremberg, IMT
Vol. XX
, p628.

38.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

39.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 14 August 1939, p20.

40.
Hitler’s Table Talk
, 17 September 1941, p32.

41.
Klaus Gerbet (ed.),
Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock. Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung. Das Kriegstagebuch
, Herbig Verlag, München/Berlin, 1995, p67f.

42.
General Édouard Réquin witnessed this remark by Gamelin, quoted in Claude Paillat,
Désastre, Les Dossiers secrets de la France contemporaine
, Vol. 4, Part 2, Laffont, 1985, p185.

43.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 17 March 1940, p106.

44.
ibid., p99.

45.
ibid., p103.

46.
General Andrew Beaufre,
Le Drame de 1940
, translated in English as
The Fall of France
, Cassell, 1965, p180.

47.
May,
Strange Victory
, p413.

48.
Winston Churchill,
Their Finest Hour, The Second World War, Vol. II
, Penguin Books, 2005, p38.

49.
Paul-Émile Caton,
Une Guerre perdue en 4 Jours
, L’Amitié par le Livre, 1969.

50.
Originally published in B. H. Liddell-Hart (ed.),
The Rommel Papers
, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1953 [
www.eyewitnesstohistory.com
, “Blitzkrieg, 1940”].

51.
Interview with the author for
WW2History.com
.

52.
Erich von Manstein,
Lost Victories
, Presidio Press, 1982, p383. (This memoir should be read with extreme care—it seems to have been written largely to absolve Manstein of deserved guilt for his actions in the East, and subsequent scholarly research reveals it to be unreliable on the Eastern campaign in general and Manstein’s own actions in particular.)

53.
Hitler’s Table Talk
, 16 August 1942, p635.

54.
Interview with Edward Oates in the testimony section of
WW2History.com
.

55.
See p64.

56.
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p289, Walter Warlimont,
Inside Hitler’s Headquarters
, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964, pp76, 79–80.

57.
ibid., 17 May 1940, p149.

58.
ibid., 18 May 1940, pp150–151.

59.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 6 June 1940, p182.

60.
Hitler’s Table Talk
, 17 September 1941, p31.

61.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

62.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

63.
Tooze,
Wages
, p370.

  
1.
Hitler visit to Paris, 23 June 1940, described in: Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, pp248–9.

  
2.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 22 July 1940, p230.

  
3.
Hitler speech, 19 July 1940, Domarus,
Vol. III
, p2062.

  
4.
War Cabinet minutes of 27 May 1940, Public Record Office Cab 65/13 and Cab 66/7.

  
5.
Meeting held on 11 July 1940 at the Berghof.

  
6.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

  
7.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

  
8.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 22 July 1940, p230.

  
9.
Previously unpublished testimony.

10.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 13 July 1940, p227.

11.
Lord Halifax, BBC Radio broadcast, 22 July 1940.

12.
Winston Churchill, BBC Radio broadcast, 31 March 1940.

13.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

14.
Alun Chalfont,
Montgomery of Alamein
, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976, p318.

15.
Halder,
Spruchkammeraussage
, 20 September 1948, Institut für Zeitgeschichte (IfZ) Munich, ZS 240/6, p446.

16.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 3 July 1940 in discussion with Hans von Greiffenberg, p220.

17.
Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius,
War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I
, University of Cambridge Press, 2004, p249.

18.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 31 July 1940, pp241–246.

19.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 10 July 1937.

20.
Previously unpublished testimony.

21.
Hitler speech to Nuremberg Party rally, 13 September 1937.

22.
Previously unpublished testimony.

23.
Winston Churchill, BBC Radio broadcast, 31 March 1940.

24.
Warren F. Kimball,
Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence:
Vol. I, William Collins, 1984, WSC to FDR. 20 May 1940, C-11x, p40.

25.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

26.
Tooze,
Wages
, p405.

27.
ibid., p399.

28.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 31 July 1940, pp241–246.

29.
Ian Kershaw,
The Hitler Myth
, p157, from Meldungen aus dem Reich (Nr. 141), 14 November 1940, in Heinz Boberach (ed.),
Meldungen aus dem Reich
1938–1945. Die geheimen Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS
, Vol. 5, Herrsching, 1984, pp1762–1774.

30.
Meldungen aus dem Reich (Nr. 107) 22 Juli 1940, in Heinz Boberach (ed.),
Meldungen aus dem Reich 1938–1945
, pp1402–1412.

31.
Previously unpublished testimony from Maria Mauth.

32.
Liulevicius,
War Land
, p278.

33.
ibid.

34.
BArch RM 41/40.

35.
Stalin meeting, 9 August 1944, with Polish delegation, held in the Kremlin, Moscow.
Documents of Polish-Soviet Relations 1939–1945
, Vol. 2, 1943–1945, General Sikorski Historical Institute, p334, doc 189.

36.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com

37.
Secret statement of Dr. Goebbels to invited representatives of the German press, 5 April 1940, in Hans-Adolf Jacobsen,
Der zweite Weltkrieg. Grundzüge der Politik und Strategie in Dokumenten
, Fischer Bücherei, Frankfurt am Main/Hamburg, 1965, pp180–181.

38.
Rees,
The Nazis: A Warning from History
, p112.

39.
Heinrich Himmler: Speech to gauleiters and other party representatives, 29 February 1940, quoted in Bradley F. Smith and Agnes F. Petersen (eds.),
Heinrich Himmler. Geheimreden 1933 bis 1945 und andere Ansprachen
, Frankfurt/M., Berlin, Wien, Propyläen Verlag, 1974, pp115–144.

40.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 24 January 1940.

41.
Peter Longerich,
Heinrich Himmler, Biographie
, Munich, 2010, pp86, 797.

42.
Heinrich Himmler,
“Some Thoughts on the Treatment of the Alien Population in the East,”
15 May 1940, in Wolfgang Michalka (ed.),
Das Dritte Reich. Dokumente zur Innen und Außenpolitik, Vol. 2: Weltmachtsanspruch und nationaler Zusammenbruch 1939–1945
, München, 1985, pp163–166.

43.
Interview with author, quoted in Rees,
The Nazis: A Warning from History
, p133.

44.
Rudolf Höss,
Commandant of Auschwitz
, London, Phoenix Press, 2000, p390 and Höss interrogation by Jan Sehn, Krakow, 7–8 November 1946, Instytut Pamieci Narodowej, Warsaw NTN 103.

45.
Express letter of the Chief of the Reich Main Security Office, R. Heydrich, to the commanders of the security police’s task forces regarding the consecutive steps and methods of the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question,” 21 September 1939. The letter is a Nuremberg document (Doc. 3363-PS) and reproduced in
Der Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof Nürnberg
, 1 November 1945–1. Oktober 1946, Band XXXII, Nürnberg, 1948.

46.
Noakes and Pridham,
Vol. III
, P1053.

47.
Christopher Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, London, William Heinemann, 2004, pp36–43.

48.
Götz Aly and Susanne Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2002, p21.

49.
Previously unpublished testimony.

50.
Diary of Stanislav Rozycki, in Landau,
The Nazi Holocaust
, p158.

51.
Excerpts from the speech of General-Governor Hans Frank at a meeting of the district leaders and city commissioners of the district of Radom concerning the plan to concentrate the Polish and Jewish population in the General Government, 25 November 1939.
Faschismus-Getto-Massenmord. Dokumentation über Ausrottung und Widerstand der Juden in Polen während des zweiten Weltkrieges
, hrsg. vom Jüdischen Historischen Institut Warschau, ausgewählt, bearbeitet und eingeleitet von Tatiana Berenstein u.a., Rütten & Löning, Berlin, 1960, p46. The original is in: Archive of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw (Zydowski Instytut Historyczny), Varia I, Nr. 33.

52.
Fritz Stern,
The Politics of Cultural Despair
, University of California, 1974, pxix.

53.
For a full discussion of the ideas of Paul de Lagarde, see Stern,
Politics of Cultural Despair
, Chapter 1, pp3–83.

54.
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p321.

55.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 17 August 1940.

56.
Previously unpublished testimony.

57.
Browning,
Origins of the Final Solution
, p82.

58.
Aly and Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, p58.

59.
Service,
Stalin
, p312.

60.
Aly and Heim,
Architects
, p118.

61.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

62.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 30 March 1941, p346.

63.
Previously unpublished testimony from Bernhard Bechler, ADC (junior officer) to General Eugen Müller (General for “Special Duties”) autumn 1940 to spring 1942.

64.
Alex J. Kay, “Germany’s Staatssekretäre, Mass Starvation and the Meeting of 2 May 1941,”
Journal of Contemporary History
, Vol. 41 (4), p685. Also see the work of Christian Gerlach,
Kalkulierte Morde: Die deutsche Wirtschaftsund Vernichtungspolitik in Weissrussland 1941 bis 1944
, Hamburg, 2000.

65.
Kay,
JCH
, p689.

66.
Rosenberg diary
, 1 and 6 May 1941, published in Frankfurter Rundschau no 140, 22.6.1971, quoted in Kay,
JCH
, p692.

67.
A point made by Mark Roseman,
The Villa, the Lake, the Meeting, Wannsee and the Final Solution
, Allen Lane, 2002, p57 and also by Kay, JCH, p688.

68.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.

69.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 16 June 1941.

70.
The Red Army briefly recaptured the city in February 1943, only for the Germans to recapture it in March.

71.
Previously unpublished testimony.

72.
Previously unpublished testimony.

73.
Laurence Rees,
War of the Century
, BBC Books, 1999, p99.

74.
Previously unpublished testimony.

75.
Frank’s official diary, 25 March 1941 [Krakow, Cabinet meeting and discussion]. Werner Präg and Wolfgang Jacobmeyer (eds.),
Das Diensttagebuch des deutschen Generalgouverneurs in Polen 1939–1945
, Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1975, pp335–338.

76.
Peter Longerich,
The Unwritten Order
, Stroud, Tempus, 2001, pp57–62.

77.
ibid., p63.

78.
Instruction dated 12 July 1941, quoted in H. Buchheim, M. Broszat, H. Krausnick, H-A. Jacobsen,
Anatomy of the SS State
, London, Collins, 1968, p62.

79.
Barry A. Leach,
German Strategy Against Russia 1939–1941
, Oxford University Press, 1973, pp140–145.

80.
Hitler proclamation, 22 June 1941, Domarus,
Vol. IV
, p2451.

81.
Churchill speech, 22 June 1941.

82.
Hitler proclamation to soldiers of the Eastern Front, 3 October 1941, Domarus,
Vol. IV
, p2491.