Geek Heresy (60 page)

Mainstreaming technology,
40

Management,
44–46
,
205
.
See also
Leaders

Mandela, Nelson,
135
,
142

Mangalyaan
spacecraft,
177

Marini, Nina,
125

Marketing,
83–87
,
233(n1)

Marshmallow study,
173
,
252(n15)

Maslow, Abraham,
162–163
,
181
,
260(n20)
,
261–262(n28)

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,
162–168
,
180–181
,
186
,
261(nn24
,
25)
,
262(n29)
,
262(n35)
,
268(n27)
,
270(n43)

Mass marketing of books,
74–77

Mass media.
See
Radio
;
Television

The Matrix
(film),
54

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS),
113

McFerrin, Bobby,
91

McGonigal, Jane,
115

Measles,
65
,
212

Measurement, fetish of,
91–95

Medhi, Indrani,
27–28
,
189

Memorabilia
(Xenophon),
209

Menon, Geeta,
17

Mentorship

      
aspirations,
199–201

      
building the relationship,
197–199

      
business,
205

      
corruption,
198
,
202
,
271–272(n12)

      
difference from other approaches,
198
,
202–203
,
205

      
hope,
271(n9)

      
incentives,
272(n15)

      
intrinsic growth,
201–202

      
moral responsibility for outcomes,
271(n11)

      
multilevel application,
208–209

      
packaged interventions and,
206–208

      
teaching as,
202–203

      
time commitment,
203–204

      
youth development,
272(n16)

      
See also
Education and training

Merchants of Culture: The Publishing Business in the Twenty-First Century
(Thompson),
75–76

Meritocracy,
79
,
93
,
96
,
97–98
,
181

Mexico: for-profit microlending,
58–60
,
66–67
,
236(n7)

Microcredit

      
alternatives to,
57–60

      
beneficiary demographics,
61

      
evaluation of,
59–61
,
236–237(n14)

      
financial education,
124

      
global spending on,
72

      
importance of implementation,
61
,
66–72

      
packaged intervention,
57–61
,
66–72

      
India’s failed institutions,
236(n7)

      
India’s self-help groups,
196

      
leaders, implementers, and beneficiaries,
66–68

Microfinance Information Exchange,
72

Microsoft Corporation,
xi–xiv
,
4
,
7
,
44
,
114
,
159–160
,
162
,
164
,
166
,
183–184
,
227(n2)

Microsoft Research India,
xiv
,
3–7
,
17–20
,
27–29
,
31–32
,
103–109
,
122–125
,
141–142
,
183–184
,
188–189
,
227(n6)
,
247(n9)

Miguel, Ted,
143–144

Mill, John Stuart,
88

Mischel, Walter,
173
,
251–252(n15)

Mitra, Sugata,
11–12
,
125
,
228(n24)

Mobile phones

      
Arab Spring,
33

      
aspirational consumption,
200–201

      
digital divide,
234(n24)

      
international development,
ix–xi
,
25
,
28
,
37
,
49
,
69
,
91
,
108
,
110
,
209
,
234(n24)

      
interpersonal communication,
29
,
40–41

      
micro-entrepreneurs,
28

      
saving the world with,
ix–xi
,
91
,
110
,
234(n24)

      
texting,
25
,
56
,
69
,
235(n33)

      
unintended consequences of technology,
56

      
See also
M-PESA transfer system

Modernization,
174–188

      
aspirations and,
178–182

      
India,
3
,
174–177
,
182
,
185

      
Japan,
179
,
266(n11)

      
mass values,
179–182

      
process of,
178
,
266–267(n11)

      
United States,
177–178

      
See also
Economics
;
International development

Money transfer systems,
108
,
247(n12)

Moral relativism,
97
,
169
,
263–264(n44)

Moral self-licensing,
86
,
243(n34)

Morozov, Evgeny,
23
,
35–36
,
214
,
236(n1)

Morsi, Mohamed,
62

Motivation,
90
,
126–129
,
162–164
,
259(n6)
.
See also
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

M–PESA transfer system,
108
,
247(n12)

Mubarak, Hosni,
37

MultiPoint,
4–5
,
15–16
,
29–30
,
227(n2)

Mumford, Lewis,
37

Murphy, Tim,
42

Music

      
advantages of learning,
192–193
,
208

      
distraction of,
119
,
123
,
231(n25)

      
Law of Amplification,
38–40

      
marketing,
233(n1)

      
self-actualization,
168
,
186

      
Shanti Bhavan curriculum,
141

      
shrinking middle,
76

      
Venezuela’s El Sistema,
193–194
,
207–208
,
270(n2)
,
273(n23)

      
See also
Walkman, Sony

      
Mycoskie, Blake,
84–87
,
243(n31)

      
The Myth of the Machine
(Mumford),
37

Nakkalbande, Bangalore, India,
17–19

Narasimha (cab driver),
174–177
,
188

Narcissism,
166
,
262(n34)
,
275(n4)

National development.
See
Development
.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA),
112–114

National Security Agency (NSA),
52

Negroponte, Nicholas,
5
,
11
,
21
,
64
,
227(n4)
,
238(n26)
.
See also
One Laptop Per Child

Nehru, Jawaharlal,
183

The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom
(Morozov),
23
,
35–36

The New Argonauts
(Saxenian),
183

The New Digital Age
(Schmidt and Cohen),
21
,
229(n5)

Nigeria: path to democracy,
62–63

1984
(Orwell),
51

Niyizonkiza, Deogratias,
207
.
See also
Village Health Works

Nonprofit organizations

      
Development Alternatives organization,
199

      
Innovations for Poverty Action,
212
,
223

      
Seva Mandir,
77–82
,
223
,
240–241(n14)
,
240(n10)

      
Stree Jagruti Samiti,
17–18

      
Technology Access Foundation,
114–119
,
162
,
224

      
Village Health Works,
207
,
224

      
See also
Ashesi University
;
Digital Green
;
Mentorship
;
Pradan organization
;
Shanti Bhavan school

Norris, Pippa,
181

Northwest School, Seattle, Washington,
119–121

Norway

      
development assistance,
190

      
resource curse and Dutch disease,
259(n10)

Nuclear plant disaster,
235(n29)

Numeracy,
27–28

Nussbaum, Martha,
274–275(n4)

Obama, Barack,
42
,
89
,
170

Obesity,
52–53
,
235(n32)

Olojede, Dele,
63

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) program,
5
,
8
,
15
,
48
,
64–65
,
227(n4)
,
227(n10)
,
238(n26)

Oppenheimer, Todd,
10
,
228(n17)

Opportunity, rhetoric of,
ix–xii
,
71
,
170
,

Opportunity International,
71

Orwell, George,
51
,
75

Packaged interventions

      
abstract ideas and institutional structures as,
62–63

      
alternative terminology,
236(n1)

      
amplifying human forces,
57
,
66–68
,
273–274(n25)

      
attempts to bypass curse of,
77–92

      
critique,
57–73
,
194–195

      
critical complement to,
66–68
,
70–73
,
111–112
,
124
,
206–208

      
curse of,
68–70
,
77

      
cynicism,
247(n14)

      
defining,
57

      
effective use of,
108–109
,
124

      
elections as,
62–63

      
excluded actions and programs,
70–73

      
expenditures,
72

      
failure to explain global social change,
179

      
heart, mind, and will qualities,
111–112