 | poor management by the British and because of the much greater emphasis placed by British officials on supplying the needs of the U.S. zone (Mayer to Koenig, February 23, 1946, Mayer Papers, AN, AP 363, box 6).
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| 57. The CGP recommended that imports from Germany be raised by 1 million tons per month, to 1.5 million; and that a settlement be sought with the Allies for "the delivery to France of 20 million tons per year of coal from the Ruhr for the coming twenty years" (Minutes of the first session of the CGP, March 16, 1946, Monnet Papers, AN, AMF 2/4/3). Frances Lynch argues that in making these demands, Monnet sought to alter the future balance of power in the European steel-making industry; see "Resolving the Paradox of the Monnet Plan."
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| 58. "Statistical Review of the Economic and Financial Situation of France at the Beginning of 1946," prepared in English for the Clayton-Monnet talks, March 26, 1946, Monnet Papers, AN, AMF 4/1/23.
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| 59. Canery to State, January 15, 1946,
FRUS, 1946,
5: 399400, and his telegram of February 9, 1946, ibid., 41213; Memorandum of Conversation, Blum, Byrnes, Bonnet, Matthews, March 19, 1946, ibid., 41820; Caffery to State, April 4, 1946, ibid., 42122; National Advisory Council meeting, April 25, 1946, ibid., 432; National Advisory Council meeting, May 6, 1946, ibid., 44046; agreement between France and United States, signed by Truman and Blum, May 28, 1946, ibid., 46164.
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| 60. Monnet,
Mémoires,
298. See also
Rapport de M. Léon Blum sur les négociations franco-américaines de Washington,
n.d., AN, F60, box 923. Wall has studied these agreements carefully in
The United States and the Making of Postwar France,
4962, and "Les accords Blum-Byrnes: La modernisation de la France et la guerre froide." See also Margairaz, "Autour des accords Blum-Bymes," and Lacroix-Riz, "Négociation et signature des accords Blum-Bymes."
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| 61. Commissariat Général du Plan,
Report on the First Plan of Modernization and Equipment,
920.
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| 62. Memoranda to Blum, December 12, 1946, Monnet papers, AN, AMF 1/5/1; December 12, 1946, AMF 1/5/1 bis; January 15, 1947, AMF 1/5/3.
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| 63. Monnet's
Mémoires
provides the official version of the plan's origins. For Monnet, the plan was entirely new, sketched out on a blank slate "everything had to be invented" for the benefit of this reborn nation that lacked only "objectives toward which to converge" (274). The concept of planning as he understood it was accepted because "the
élan patriotique
of the liberation was still present and had not yet found the great project in which it could positively express itself" (238).
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| 64. Discussions on indicative planning and the consensual aspects of Monnet's plan may be found in Adams,
Restructuring the French Economy,
914; Kuisel,
Capitalism and the State,
21318 and chap. 8; Cohen,
Modem Capitalist Planning,
720; Baum,
The French Economy and the State,
1428; Mioche,
Plan Monnet,
73202, and his excellent article "Aux origines du Plan Monnet." For accounts by former planning participants, see Monnet,
Mémoires,
300308; Massé,
Le Plan, ou l'anti-hasard,
14453; Fourastie and Courtheoux,
La planification économique en France,
1042; and Marjolin,
Memoirs,
16270.
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