 | and Bouvier,
La France restaurée,
19441954, 5471; both authors, intimately involved in this period, downplay the real potential of any revolution, not least because of a lack of coherent ideas on the part of those who sought one. For an excellent evocation of the zeal of the postliberation resistance, see Novick,
The Resistance versus Vichy: The Purge of Collaborators in Liberated France
.
|
| 4. Hervé,
La Libération trahie
. Two works by active
résistants
that reveal the disappointments of the liberation are Bourdet,
L'aventure incertaine: De la Résistance à la restauration,
and Frenay,
La nuit finira
.
|
| 5. See the astute analysis on the question of continuity by Hoffmann, "The Effects of World War II on French Society and Politics." Hoffmann sees the entire 193444 period as a continuum of shocks to the established political system. He expanded these ideas in "Paradoxes of the French Political Community."
|
| 6. The classic, and much disparaged, statement of the "clean slate" view is Robert Aron,
Histoire de la Libération de la France,
which sees an apolitical de Gaulle steering the nation away from catastrophe namely, a Communist takeover and uniting France in the task of reconstruction and reconciliation. The French experience in this regard contrasted sharply with the British, where Labour, with a clear mandate and program for change, could move rapidly in reforming the political and social structure of the nation. See Morgan,
Labour in Power,
esp. 144. On the continuity of ideas between the Popular Front and the liberation period, see Jackson,
The Popular Front ri France,
28890.
|
| 7. De Gaulle,
Discours et messages: 19401946,
September 12, 1944, 44355; and March 2, 1945, 526. See also his speeches of November 9, 1944, 47174, and December 31, 1944, 49194.
|
| 8. The papers of the Christian Democratic Party, the Mouvement Républicain Populaire (MRP), contain addresses for thirty-seven political parties and resistance organizations with offices in Paris in 1945 (
Dossier de formation politique,
MRP papers, AN, 350 AP, box I).
|
| 9. This program was published as
Les jours heureux
by the CNR, and has been reprinted in Andrieu,
Le programme commun de la Résistance: Des idées dans la guerre,
16875. On postwar planning within the resistance, see Shennan,
Rethinking France;
Kuisel,
Capitalism and the State in Modernm France,
15786; and de Bellescize,
Les neufs sages de la Résistance,
esp. 16588. On the politics of the resistance, see Azéma,
From Munich to the Liberation,
18290. Bourdet discusses the growing sensitivities of non-Communist
résistants
in "La politique intérieure de la Résistance." See also Jean-Jacques Becker,
Le Parti Communiste veut-il prendre le pouvoir?,
130.
|
| 10. Becker sees the
attentiste
stance of the PCF as dictated entirely by international considerations (
Parti Communiste,
15859, 198). See also Andrieu,
Programme,
102; and Footitt and Simmonds,
France: 19431945,
18799. For a clever contemporary account of PCF thinking, and the political scene generally after the liberation, see Luethy,
France against Herself,
95169.
|
| 11. De Gaulle,
Mémoires de guerre,
3: 3067, 106.
|
| 12. Fauvet,
Histoire du Parti Communiste Français,
34565. On PCF strategy in this period generally, Robrieux is exhaustive:
Histoire intérieure du Parti Communiste,
2: 8797. On the Socialists, see Graham,
The French Socialists and-Tripar
-
|
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