Fire and Ashes (23 page)

4.
The key US decisions on standing are Frothingham v. Mellon, 262 U.S. 447 (1923); Fairchild v. Hughes, 258 U.S. 126 (1922); Bond v. United States, 529 U.S. 334 (2000); Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. at 757 (1984); and Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. at 562 (1992). I am grateful to Brent Kettles and Mike Pal for helpful comments and suggestions on standing, US election law and the comparison with Canadian law in these areas. A key Canadian decision on standing is Canadian Council of Churches v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1992] 1 S.C.R. 236.

5.
Sasha Issenberg,
The Victory Lab
(New York: Crown, 2012); Thomas Byrne Edsall,
The Age of Austerity: How Scarcity Will Remake American Politics
(New York: Doubleday, 2012).

6.
For a contrary view see Russell Hardin,
How Do You Know? The Economics of Ordinary Knowledge
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009).

7.
I argue this further in “Rationality in Politics,” the Edna Ullmann Margalit Lecture at the Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, January 4, 2013. In particular I want to thank Avishai Margalit and Moshe Halbertal for their comments.

8.
Drew Westen,
The Political Brain
(New York: Public Affairs, 2008); George Lakoff,
The Political Mind
(New York: Viking, 2008). See also Daniel Kahneman,
Thinking Fast and Slow
(New York: Doubleday, 2012).

9.
Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861,
http://www.nationalcenter.org/LincolnFirstInaugural.html
.

1.
http://www.liberal.ca/newsroom/news-release/speakers-announced-for-canada-at-150-rising-to-the-challenge/
.

2.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/50397233/Speaker-s-ruling-BRISON-Privilege-Production-of-Document
. One Canadian foundation—Samara—has made the state of democratic governance in Canada a central theme. See
http://www.samaracanada.com
.

3.
Nancy Rosenblum,
On the Side of the Angels: An Appreciation of Parties and Partisanship
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).

4.
Max Weber, “Politics as a Vocation,” in H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills, eds.,
From Max Weber
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1958), pp. 77–128.

5.
Jimmie Maxton, quoted in Bernard Crick,
In Defence of Politics
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1992), p. 138.

6.
Carl von Clausewitz,
On War
, ed. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976).

7.
Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson,
The Spirit of Compromise: Why Governing Demands It and Campaigning Undermines It
(Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 2012); Arthur Isak Applbaum,
Ethics for Adversaries: The Morality of Roles in Public and Professional Life
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999).

8.
Avishai Margalit,
On Compromise and Rotten Compromises
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009).

1.
Marcus Tullius Cicero,
How to Run a Country: An Ancient Guide for Modern Leaders
, ed. and intro. by Philip Freeman (Princeton: Princeton Univeristy Press, 2012), p. xi.

2.
Niccolo Machiavelli,
Selected Political Writings
, ed. and transl. David Wootton (Cambridge: Hackett, 1994), pp. 1–4.

3.
Edmund Burke,
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
,
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/burke/
.

4.
Alexis de Tocqueville,
Lettres choisies, Souvenirs
,
1814–1859
(Paris: Gallimard, 2003).

5.
John Stuart Mill, “Considerations on Representative Government,” ch. V. in J. S. Mill,
On Liberty and Other Essays
, ed. John Gray (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).

6.
See Louis Menand, “How the Deal Went Down,”
New Yorker
, March 4, 2013. See also Isaiah Berlin, “President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,” in
The Proper Study of Mankind: An Anthology of Essays
, ed. Henry Hardy and Roger Hausheer (London: Chatto and Windus, 1997), pp. 628–37.

7.
Leo Tolstoy,
War and Peace
, transl. Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (New York: Vintage, 2007), Book 10, ch. XXV:

“And yet they say that war is like a game of chess?” he remarked.

“Yes,” replied Prince Andrew, “but with this little difference, that in chess you may think over each move as long as you please and are not limited for time, and with this difference too, that a knight is always stronger than a pawn, and two pawns are always stronger than one,
while in war a battalion is sometimes stronger than a division and sometimes weaker than a company. The relative strength of bodies of troops can never be known to anyone. Believe me,” he went on, “if things depended on arrangements made by the staff, I should be there making arrangements, but instead of that I have the honor to serve here in the regiment with these gentlemen, and I consider that on us tomorrow’s battle will depend and not on those others.… Success never depends, and never will depend, on position, or equipment, or even on numbers, and least of all on position.”

“But on what then?”

“On the feeling that is in me and in him,” he pointed to Timokhin, “and in each soldier.”

1.
Max Weber, “Politik als Beruf” [“Politics as a Vocation”], in H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills, eds.,
From Max Weber
, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1958), p. 128. See also Max Weber,
Political Writings
, ed. Peter Lassman and Ronald Speirs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Fritz Ringer,
Max Weber: An Intellectual Biography
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004); Terry Maley,
Democracy and the Political in Max Weber’s Thought
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011).

MICHAEL IGNATIEFF was born and educated in Toronto. He gained a doctorate in history at Harvard and has held academic posts at Cambridge, Oxford and Harvard. His books include
The Russian Album
, which won a Governor General’s Award and
Scar Tissue
, which was nominated for the Booker Prize. His 6-part documentary series,
Blood and Belonging
, on nationalism, was shown on BBC2, CBC and PBS, and went on to win major awards in Canada and the United States. At the end of 2005 he returned to Canada and entered the political arena, being elected a Liberal Member of Parliament and subsequently becoming leader of the party before stepping down after the election of 2011. He teaches human rights and politics at the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto and at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.