The Texans
, pp.
28–29, 36; Brands,
Lone Star Nation
, p. 149; Davis,
Lone Star Rising
, p. 138; Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, p. 218; Editors of Time-Life,
The Texans
, pp. 32, 225;
Connecticut
Herald
, September 22, 1829; Stephen L. Hardin,
Texian Iliad
, pp. 11–12;
New York Times
, August 18, 1869.
77.
Franklin,
The Militant South
, p. 102; Davis,
Lone Star Rising
, pp. 74–77; Editors of Time-Life,
The Texans
, p. 34.
78.
Alfred N. Hunt,
Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America: Slumbering Volcano in the Caribbean
(Baton Rouge, La: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), p. 127.
79.
Richard Bruce Winders,
Sacrificed at the Alamo: Tragedy and Triumph in the Texas Revolution
(Abilene: State House Press, 2004), pp. 18–19.
80.
Horgan,
Great River
, p. 486; Roberts and Olson,
A Line in the Sand
, p. 35.
81.
Horgan,
Great River
, p. 486; Hardin, Texas Iliad, p. 6.
82.
Horgan,
Great River
, pp. 486–487.
83.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, pp. 22–24; Horgan,
Great River
, pp. 487–488.
84.
Nathaniel W. Stephenson,
Texas and the Mexican War
(New York: United States Publishers Association, Inc., 1978), pp. 24–25, 30.
85.
William H. Goetzmann,
When the Eagle Screamed: The Romantic Horizon in American Diplomacy, 1800–1860
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1966), p. 27; Horgan,
Great River
, pp. 488–489; William Chemerka,
Alamo Anthology
(Austin, Texas: Eakin Press, 2005), p. 3.
86.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, pp. 29, 33–34; Will Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
(Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2007), p. 163.
87.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 34; Hardin,
Texas Iliad
, p. 6; Connecticut Herald, September 22, 1829.
88.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, pp. 29–31; Horgan,
Great River
, p. 472.
89.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 35.
90.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 35.
91.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, pp. 36–39, 48; Frank W. Johnson to W. A. McArdle, November 27, 1837,
The McArdle Notebooks
(Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Austin, Texas); Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, p. 163.
92.
Johnson to McArdle, November 27, 1837, TSL and AC.
93.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 18; Robinson, trans. and ed.,
The View from Chapultepec
, p. 37; Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, p. 163.
94.
Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, p. 163.
95.
Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, p. 163; Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, pp. 4, 13, 20–23, 36–37.
96.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, p. 241.
97.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, p. 241.
98.
Roberts and Olson,
A Line in the Sand
, p. 43.
99.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, pp. 239–244.
100.
Hunt,
Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America
, pp. 1–192.
101.
Hunt,
Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America
, pp. 1–192; Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 28; William C. Davis,
The Pirates Laffite: The Treacherous World of the Corsairs of the Gulf
(New York: Harcourt, Inc., 2005), pp. 72–74; Laurent Dubois,
Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution
, (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2004), pp. 3–305.
102.
Horgan,
Great River
, pp. 490–491.
103.
Horgan,
Great River
, p. 490.
104.
Franklin,
The Militant South
, p. 76.
105.
Hunt,
Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America
, p. 100.
106.
Gardner,
Lead King
, pp. 160, 167.
107.
The Telegraph and Texas Register
, August 5, and September 16, 1837 and April 18, 1838;
Enquirer
, August 30, 1831; Hunt,
Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America
, pp. 1–100; John B. Duff and Peter M. Mitchell, eds.,
The Nat Turner Rebellion: The Historical Event and the Modern Controversy
(New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., 1971), pp. 92–112.
108.
Franklin,
The Militant South
, pp. 80–81, 96–97.
109.
Franklin,
The Militant South
, pp. 96–97, 101–104; Hunt,
Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America
, pp. 1–36, 107–146; Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, pp. 239–244.
110.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, pp. 239–240.
111.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, pp. 239–244.
112.
Barr,
Black Texans
, p. 32; Brands,
Lone Star Nation
, p. 255
113.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 40; Carlos E. Castaneda,
The Mexican Side of the Texan Revolution
(Dallas: P. L. Turner Company, 1928), p. 330; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, p. 86.
114.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 42; Herbert G. Uecker,
The Archaeology of the Alamo
(Bulverde: Monte Comal Publications, 2001), pp. 29, 84; Jeff Milan to H. A. McArdle, January 2, 1901,
The McArdle Notebooks
.
115.
Maryland Gazette
, Annapolis, Maryland, February 2, 1837; John Mahon,
History of the Second Seminole War
(Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1967), pp. 87–327; George Buker, “Introduction,”
Notices of East Florida
(Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press, 1973), pp. 41, 44–45, 48, 84–85; Frank Laumer,
Massacre!
(Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press, 1968), pp. 1–165.
116.
Castaneda,
The Mexican Side of the Texan Revolution
, p. 383.
117.
Castaneda,
The Mexican Side of the Texan Revolution
, p. 383; Bisson,
Nat Turner
, pp. 41–97.
118.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 41.
119.
New York Herald
, April 28, 1836.
120.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, p. 242.
121.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 42.
122.
Gustave de Beaumont,
Ireland
(Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. vi–xii; Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, pp. 174–175.
123.
New York Herald
, April 23, 1836.
124.
New York Herald
, April 30, 1836;
The Telegraph and Texas Register
, November 21, 1835.
125.
Jerry J. Gaddy,
Texas in Revolt: Contemporary Newspaper Accounts of the Texas Revolution
(Fort Collins: The Old Army Press, 1973), p. 15.
126.
Gaddy,
Texas in Revolt
, p. 15.
127.
Joel W. Martin,
Sacred Revolt: The Muskogees’ Struggle For a New World
(Boston: Beacon Press, 1991), pp. ix–167; Alexander Walker,
The Life of Andrew Jackson
(Philadelphia, Pa: G. G. Evans Publisher, 1860), p. lxxiii.
128.
The Telegraph and Texas Register
, November 14, 1835; Stephen L. Moore,
Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, Volume I, 1835–1837,
(Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press, 2002), pp. vii, 14, 29–30.
129.
The Telegraph and Texas Register
, June 2, 1838;
Maryland Gazette
, February 2, 1837; Groneman,
Alamo Defenders
, p. 82; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, pp. 46, 48.
130.
Campbell,
An Empire for Slavery
, p. 48–49.
131.
Alwyn Barr, Texans in Revolt, The Battle for San Antonio, 1835, (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990), pp. 13–14, 56; Samuel Carter, III,
Blaze of Glory, The Fight for New Orleans, 1814–1815
(New York: MacMillan London Ltd., 1971), pp. 69–86, 349–263, 320; Christopher Leslie Brown and Philip D. Morgan,
Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), pp. 4, 6–9, 120–179, 209–270.
132.
George Nelson,
The Alamo: An Illustrated History
(Uvalde, Texas: Aldine Books, 1998), p. 32; Carter III,
Blaze of Glory
, 1814–1815, pp. 69–86, 249–263.
133.
Jackson,
Alamo Legacy
, pp. 148–149; Herman L. Bennett,
Africans in Colonial Mexico: Absolutism, Christianity, and Afro-Creole Consciousness, 1570–1640 (Blacks in the Diaspora)
(Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2003), pp. 1–125; Fehrenbach,
Lone Star
, p. 65; Long,
Duel of Eagles
, pp. 16, 18–19.
134.
Winders,
Sacrificed at the Alamo
, pp. 21–22; Chipman,
Spanish Texas
, pp. 188–189; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, pp. 112–113.
135.
Starling,
Land Is the Cry!
, p. 71; Chipman,
Spanish Texas
, p. 250.
136.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, p. 14.
137.
Winders,
Sacrificed at the Alamo
, pp. 18–19.
138.
Bennett,
Africans in Colonial Mexico
, pp. 1–125.
139.
Chipman,
Spanish Texas
, p. 212.
140.
Ivan Van Sertima,
Golden Age of the Moor
(London: Transaction Publishers, 2004), pp. 1–2,
7, 161–162.
141.
Alwyn,
Black Texans
, pp. 5–6.
142.
Alwyn,
Black Texans
, p. 15; Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, p. 163.
143.
Reginald Horsman,
Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial AngloSaxonism
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981), pp. 213–215.
144.
Vincent,
The Legacy of Vincente Guerrero
, pp. 1–338; Carmen Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas: A Personal Narrative of the Revolution by Jose Enrique de la Pena
, (College Station: Texas A & M Press, 1975), pp. 24, 32.
145.
Tucker,
Poltroons and Patriots
, p. 59.
146.
Jackson,
Alamo Legacy
, pp. 155–158.
147.
Davis,
Three Roads to the Alamo
, p. 584; Hardin,
Texas Iliad
, p. 6.
148.
Shackford,
David Crockett
, pp. 238–239.
149.
Davis,
Lone Star Rising
, pp. 207–208.
150.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, p. 154.
151.
Lack,
The Texas Revolutionary Experience
, pp. 211–221.
152.
Gaddy,
Texas in Revolt
, pp. 20–21; Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, pp. 162, 174.
153.
Fowler,
Santa Anna of Mexico
, p. 174.
154.
Brands,
Andrew Jackson,
pp. 343–345; Brands,
Lone Star Nation
, p. 63.
155.
Hardin,
Texas lliad
, p. 6.
156.
Pedro Sanchez, March 4, 1836 letter, Box 2Q174, vol. 334 (Center of American History, University of Texas, Austin, Texas).
157.
King,
James Clinton Neill
, pp. vii, 78, 85–86, 89.
158.
Fehrenbach,
Lone Star
, pp. 81–109; Kennedy,
The Scots-Irish in the Hills of Tennessee
, pp.
19–41, 99–100; Max Dixon,
The Wataugans, First “free and independent community on the continent”
(Johnson City, Tennessee: Overmountain Press, 1976), pp. 4–37, 73–75.
159.
Graham Davis,
Land! Irish Pioneers in Mexican and Revolutionary Texas
(College Station: Texas A & M Press, 2002), pp. 9, 11, 39–153; Chipman,
Spanish Texas,
pp. 182, 184–187, 190.
160.
Davis,
Land!
, pp. 9–10, 147–148; Moore, Eighteen Minutes, p. 53.
161.
Moore,
Eighteen Minutes
, pp. 15, 49.
162.
Mary Ann Noonan Guerra,
Heroes of the Alamo and Goliad: Revolutionaries on the Road to San Jacinto and Texan Independence
(San Antonio: The Alamo Press, 1987), pp. 5, 24–25; David T. Gleeson,
The Irish in the South, 1815–1877
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), pp. 31–32; Gary Brown,
The New Orleans Greys:Volunteers in the Texas Revolution
(Plano: Republic of Texas Press, 1999), pp. 302–306, 308;
St. Louis Republican
, St. Louis, Missouri, April 28, 1836;
The Telegraph and Texas Register
, March 24, 1836; Groneman,
Alamo Defenders
, pp. 21, 34, 42, 47–48, 58, 63, 77–78, 113–114, 117–118; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, pp. 47–48.
163.
Groneman,
Alamo Defenders
, pp. 47–48.
164.