European Diary, 1977-1981 (100 page)

⁵⁹
Derek Gladwin, b. 1930, comes from Grimsby (Crosland's constituency) and is an official of what was then the General and Municipal Workers' Union.

⁶⁰
Dick Leonard, b. 1930, Labour MP for Romford 1970–4, and Parliamentary Private Secretary to Crosland 1980–5.
Economist
correspondent in Brussels.

⁶¹
K. B. Andersen, 1914–84, was Danish Foreign Minister 1971–3 and 1975–8, and subsequently President of the Folketing (Parliament).

⁶²
Max van der Stoel, b. 1924, was Dutch Foreign Minister 1973–7 and 1981–2, and Permanent Representative to the UN 1983–6.

⁶³
Vicomte Luc de La Barre de Nanteuil, b. 1925, was French Ambassador in The Hague 1976–7, Permanent Representative to the European Community 1977–81 and 1984–6, and to the UN 1981–4. Since 1986 he has been French Ambassador in London.

⁶⁴
Willy De Clercq, b. 1927, Belgian Minister of Finance 1973–7 and 1981–5. Member of European Commission 1985–9.

⁶⁵
Wilhelm Duisenberg, b. 1935, Dutch Minister of Finance 1973–7.

⁶⁶
The Social Fund, established 1974, can finance 50 per cent of member states' projects to deal with redundancy, training, resettlement, help for migrant workers etc.

⁶⁷
I never did.

⁶⁸
(Sir) Christopher Audland, b. 1926, was deputy Secretary-General of the Commission until he became Director-General for Energy 1981–6.

⁶⁹
David Marquand, b. 1934, who had been Labour MP for Ashfield 1966–77, came with me to Brussels. Now Professor of Politics and Contemporary History at the University of Salford.

⁷⁰
Helmut Schmidt, b. 1918, was Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany 1974–82, having been Minister of Defence 1969–72 and Minister of Finance 1972–4.

⁷¹
Jacques de Beaumarchais, 1913–79, was French Ambassador in London 1972–7. We had known him and his wife, Marie-Alice, since 1953.

⁷²
See note on
page 108
.

⁷³
Joop den Uyl, 1919–87, leader of the Dutch Labour Party, was Prime Minister 1973–7, and Minister of Social Affairs and deputy Prime Minister 1981–2.

⁷⁴
Alfons van der Stee, b. 1928, was Dutch Minister of Agriculture 1973–80, and of Finance 1980–2.

⁷⁵
Ruud Lubbers, b. 1939, was Minister of Economic Affairs 1973–7, and has been Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 1982.

⁷⁶
Gérard Bordu, b. 1928, was a French Communist Deputy for Seine et Marne, Member of the European Parliament 1974–9, and one of its Vice-Presidents 1977–9.

⁷⁷
Franco Malfatti, b. 1927, was President of the European Commission 1970–2, when he resigned to return to Italian politics; Minister of Finance 1978–9 and of Foreign Affairs 1979–80.

⁷⁸
Enrico Berlinguer, 1922–84, was the Italian Communist leader, and a dominating although far from extreme figure in Italian political life.

⁷⁹
Curious, because this was exactly what he was about to do.

⁸⁰
Liam Cosgrave, b. 1920, Irish Fine Gael Foreign Minister 1954–7, and Prime Minister 1973–7.

⁸¹
Leo Tindemans, b. 1922, Belgian Prime Minister 1974–8 and Foreign Minister since 1981.

⁸²
Anker Jørgensen, b. 1922, Danish Social Democrat Prime Minister 1972–3 and 1975–82.

⁸³
‘The Common Fund' referred to an industrialized countries' impending offer in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (see
page 85
infra)
to allow
virement
between the different funds available for Third World commodity stabilization.

⁸⁴
We had two official cars in Brussels, one English and one German. Equality of numbers was not, alas, matched by equality of performance.

⁸⁵
Robert S. McNamara, b. 1916, was US Secretary of Defense 1961–8, and President of the World Bank 1968–81.

⁸⁶
The career of William Clark, 1916–85, ranged from being diplomatic correspondent of the
Observer
1950–5, to a vice-presidency of the World Bank 1974–81.

⁸⁷
Thea Elliott, widow of Anthony Elliott, 1921–76, British Ambassador in Finland and then Israel and a close friend from Oxford days.

⁸⁸
Joint European Torus, a major research undertaking into the possibility of producing nuclear power by fusion rather than fission, which was likely to be sited either at Garching in Bavaria or Culham in Oxfordshire.

⁸⁹
Jean François-Poncet, b. 1928, was Secretary-General at the Elysée 1976–8, and French Foreign Minister 1978–81.

⁹⁰
Edward Jenkins, b. 1954, is our younger son, now a barrister.

⁹¹
Henry H. (Joe) Fowler, b. 1908, was in 1968 US Secretary of the Treasury.

⁹²
I now realize, which I did not then, that it was almost certainly the room to the window of which President Truman rashly rushed on 1 November 1950, when the Puerto Rican assassination attempt on him led to two deaths in the street outside.

⁹³
Cyrus R. Vance, b. 1917, was US Secretary of State from 1977 to the summer of 1980, when he resigned. Zbigniew Brzezinski, b. 1928, was National Security Adviser at the White House throughout the Carter administration. He and Vance did not get on very well together. I preferred Vance.

⁹⁴
Henry Owen, b. 1920, formerly of the Brookings Institute, was the American ‘sherpa' (as they came to be called) for ascents to and descents from the Western Economic Summits, and as such the opposite number of Crispin Tickell, the British Cabinet Secretary (Sir John Hunt), the Governor of the Bank of France (Bernard Clappier) etc.

⁹⁵
Michael Blumenthal was then US Secretary of the Treasury, Robert Strauss was Special Trade Representative, and Richard Cooper was Under-Secretary for Economic Affairs at the State Department.

⁹⁶
Jean Sauvagnargues, b. 1915, a career diplomat, was French Foreign Minister 1974–6, and Ambassador to London 1977–81.

⁹⁷
MTNs: negotiations for the implementation of the so-called ‘Tokyo Round' of tariff reductions in the GATT, which was the main formal business between the Commission and the US Government.

⁹⁸
Averell Harriman, 1891–1986, former US Secretary of Commerce, Ambassador to Moscow and London, and Governor of New York, had married Pamela Digby, formerly Mrs Randolph Churchill, in 1971.

⁹⁹
David Bruce, 1898–1977, who had married Evangeline Bell in 1945, was the most distinguished American diplomat during the plenitude of his country's power. He was Ambassador to Paris 1949–52, Bonn 1957–9, London 1961–9, and NATO 1974–6, the intervals being filled with major
ad hoc
appointments.

¹⁰⁰
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr, b. 1917, historian of the ages of Jackson, Roosevelt and Kennedy, was married to Alexandra Emmet.

¹⁰¹
Joseph W. Alsop, b. 1910, wrote for thirty years a famous political column, at first with his brother Stewart Alsop and then alone, until he tired of politics and turned in 1974 to old furniture and the history of art.

¹⁰²
John Lindsay, b. 1921, Mayor of New York 1965–73. Much discussed as a possible Democratic presidential candidate (even though he had been elected as a Republican) for 1972.

¹⁰³
McGeorge Bundy, b. 1919, was National Security Adviser to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson 1961–6, and head of the Ford Foundation 1966–79.

¹⁰⁴
Lord Mountbatten was in Brussels partly to lobby me in favour of his Atlantic College at St Donat's in the Vale of Glamorgan.

¹⁰⁵
Eugenio Plaja, b. 1914, was Italian Permanent Representative to the UN 1973–5, and to the European Community 1976–80.

¹⁰⁶
Walter Hallstein, 1901–82, former German State Secretary, had been President of the Commission 1958–67, and was ‘the Pope' to de Gaulle's ‘Emperor' during the 1960s disputes between supranationalism and sovereignty.

¹⁰⁷
François Mitterrand, b. 1916, was then preparing to lead the Socialist challenge to President Giscard's majority in the National Assembly at the French legislative elections due in ten months' time. He had been unsuccessful candidate for the presidency of France in 1965 and 1974. He was elected President of the Republic in 1981 and re-elected in 1988.

¹⁰⁸
Jacques Chirac, b. 1931, Prime Minister of France 1974–6 and 1986–8. Mayor of Paris since 1977. Unsuccessful candidate for the presidency 1974 and 1988.

¹⁰⁹
The reason for my uneasiness about this visit was that I knew the French Government were watching like hawks to make sure that Mitterrand received no treatment above what they regarded as his status or which he could exploit for political purposes. (God knows how; I would not have thought a Berlaymont visit would swing many votes in Château-Chinon or anywhere else.) I wrote a few weeks later: ‘Although there was a great deal of French press comment and some suggestion that this visit had been a considerable additional factor in provoking Giscard to a still harder position over the Summit, I myself doubt whether it was in any way decisive. I had read in the papers on the morning of the visit that Giscard was not coming to the dinner on Friday evening, probably because of my presence, but we had heard hints earlier that he was thinking of not attending this occasion for at least a few weeks beforehand and that in any event it was intended as a slight mark of his displeasure with the British Government over excessive Atlanticism, rather than being exclusively directed towards me.

‘Ortoli's subsequent view, which he relayed to me three or four days later, was that it was a pity that Mitterrand had been allowed to have a joint meeting with several Commissioners, instead of having to go round and see them all individually in their offices (which seemed to me rather foolish) but that in any event the matter was not of great significance; and that this was his view after subsequent contacts with the French Government. Only the French Government, of course, would have reacted at all. That was the point of my remark about Kohl and Mrs Thatcher.'

¹¹⁰
(Sir) Antony Acland, b. 1930, then British Ambassador in Luxembourg, is now Ambassador in Washington, having in the meantime been Ambassador in Madrid and Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office. Anne Acland died in 1984.

¹¹¹
Pierre Elliott Trudeau, b. 1919, was Prime Minister of Canada 1968–79 and 1980–4.

¹¹²
Sir Martin Charteris, b. 1913, Private Secretary to the Queen 1972–7, became Lord Charteris of Amisfield and Provost of Eton College later in 1978.

¹¹³
David Steel b. 1938, had become leader of the Liberal Party in 1976.

¹¹⁴
Emilio Colombo, b. 1920, Italian Minister of the Treasury 1967–70 and 1974–6, Prime Minister 1970–2, Foreign Minister 1980–3; President of the European Parliament 1977–9.

¹¹⁵
Euratom was the European Atomic Energy Community, one of the three Communities (the others being the EEC and the Coal and Steel Community) which merged in 1967 to form the European Community. The Vienna Agency was the International Atomic Energy Agency, based in the Austrian capital. The issue was that some Community Governments wished to deal too directly with Vienna, thereby leap-frogging Community competence in civil nuclear power.

¹¹⁶
Franz Josef Strauss, 1915–88, was President of the Christian Social Union 1961–88 and Minister-President of Bavaria 1978–88; Federal Minister of Defence 1956–62, and of Finance 1966–9.

¹¹⁷
Hans Friderichs, b. 1931, was German Economics Minister 1972–7, and then head of the Dresdner Bank until 1985.

¹¹⁸
Peter Jay was then the forty-year-old economics editor of
The Times
and the son-in-law of the Prime Minister.

¹¹⁹
Walter Scheel, b. 1919, was leader of the FDP before Genscher, Foreign Minister 1969–74, and President of the Federal Republic 1974–9.

¹²⁰
Jack Lynch, leader of Fianna Fáil 1966–79, was Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach) 1966–73 and 1977–9.

¹²¹
In fact he won handsomely.

¹²²
Respectively a former Conservative Minister and the Chairman of Sotheby's.

¹²³
A well-financed, unofficial but high-level body designed to familiarize Americans, Japanese and Europeans with each other's problems.

¹²⁴
Sir Ronald McIntosh, b. 1919, former civil servant and Director-General of NEDO, latterly a company chairman, has been a friend since we went to Balliol on the same day in 1938.