Essential Facts on the Go: Internal Medicine (7 page)

Tricuspid regurgitation

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Ischemic Heart Disease

Classification

New York Heart Association Functional Classification

I Patients have cardiac disease but without the resulting limitations of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, or anginal pain.

II Patients have cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, or anginal pain.

III Patients have cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation of physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary physical activity causes fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, or anginal pain.

IV Patients have cardiac disease resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency or of the anginal syndrome may be present even at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort is increased.

Algorithm for Risk Stratification and Treatment

Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Ischemic Heart Disease

The TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina/NSTEMI*

LDL Cholesterol Goals and Cutpoints for Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) and Drug Therapy in Different Risk Categories

^*
Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Ischemic Heart Disease: Evaluation

Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Ischemic Heart Disease: Management

Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, et al.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
, 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Heart Failure

Common Types of Heart Failure

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Heart Failure

Diagnostic Criteria of Heart Failure in the Framingham Heart Study

Causes and Risk Factors for Heart Failure