Enemy at the Gates (58 page)

STALINGRAD'S TOPOGRAPHY

From interviews with Luba Bessanova, Tania Chernova and the author's own impressions during a battlefield tour. Also Victor Nekrassov's
Front Line Stalingrad
and Yeremenko's
Stalingrad
.

PREPARATIONS FOR THE DEFENSE OF STALINGRAD

From A. D. Kolesnik's
The Great Victory on the Volga, 1942-1943;
V. Koroteev's
Stalingrad
Sketches
and
I Saw It;
A. M. Samsonov's
The Stalingrad Battle
and
Stalingrad
Epopeya;
M. A. Vodolagin's
The Defense of Stalingrad
and
Stalingrad
in the Great Patriotic War;
Kantor and Tazurin's
The Volgarians in the Battles Around Stalingrad;
Yeremenko's
Stalingrad
.

Chapter Five

THE ROUT OF THE RUSSIAN ARMIES WEST OF THE DON

From interviews with Ignacy Changar, Jacob Grubner, Hersch Gurewicz, Nikolai Tomskuschin, and a former Red Army colonel who asked to remain anonymous.

THE FIGHT FOR KALACH

From interviews with Josef Linden and Gerhard Meunch. From Pyotr Ilyin's reminiscences
in Voyenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal
(hereinafter referred to as
V./.Z.),
no. 10. 1961.. Also
Das Kleeblatt,
the German Seventy-first Division Magazine, and Paul Carell's
Hitler Moves East 1941— 43.

THE GERMAN BREAKTHROUGH TO THE VOLGA

From interviews with Friedrich Breining, Franz Broder, Hans Mich, Ottmar Kohler, Hans Oettl, Arthur Schmidt.
From statements by Franz Brendgen. Also Werthen's
History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division
and Gerhard von Dieckhoff's
The Third Infantry Division (Motorized).
Also Y. Chepurin's "The Fire Frontier,"
lzvestia,
February 2, 1963; S. Dyhne's Ruben's "Drops of Blood,"
Voyennyi Vestnik,
no. 2, 1968; and N. Melnikov's "Let Us Fraternize,"
Krasnaya Zvezda,
February 2, 1963. Also Yeremenko's
Stalingrad
.
Ruben Ibarruri was the son of Dolores Ibarruri, La Passionaria of Spanish Civil War fame. Ruben died trying to hold the Germans at the approaches to Stalingrad.

Chapter Six

THE BOMBING OF STALINGRAD AND ITS EFFECTS

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Gregori Denisov, Kiri11 Sazykin, Pyotr Zabarskikh and recollections of Mrs. K. Karmanova, Mrs. V. N. Kliagina, V. Nekrassov, P. Nerozia, C. Viskov, and M. Vodolagin in Agapov's
After The Battle;
E. Genkina's
Heroic Stalingrad;
E. Gerasimov's
The Stalingradians;
V. Koroteev's
I Saw It;
V. Nekrassov's
Front Line Stalingrad;
I. Paderin's
In the Main Direction,
and M. A. Vodolagin's
The Defense of Stalingrad
and
Under the Walls of Stalingrad.
Also Nikita Khrushchev's
Khrttshchev Remembers;
Yeremenko's
Stalingrad;
and A. Zarubina's
Women in the Defense of Stalingrad;
also
The Epic Story of Stalingrad
(Collection).

Chapter Seven

GERMAN CORRIDOR TO THE VOLGA

From interviews with Franz Broder, Ottmar Kohler, Hans Oettl; statements by Franz Brendgen and Otto von der Heyde; also Werthen's
History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division
and Dieckhoff's
The Third Infantry Division (Motorized).

RUSSIAN DEFENSE

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Gregori Denisov, Jacob Grubner. Also E. Genkina's
Heroic Stalingrad;
E. Gerasimov's
The Stalingradians;
A. D. Kolesnik's
The Great Victory on the Volga;
L. P. Koren's
There Is a Clift on the Volga;
V. Koroteev's
Stalingrad
Sketches
and
I Saw It; 1.
M. Loginov's
The Militia in the Battle for Its Homeland.
Also Red Army Front Newspaper, August 31, 1942. Also Samsonov's
The Stalingrad Battle
and
Stalingrad Epopeya;
Yeremenko's
Stalingrad; The Epic Story of Stalingrad
(collection); and
The Fight for Stalingrad
(collection).

Chapter Eight

STALIN AND ZHUKOV

From Zhukov's
Marshal Zhukov's Greatest Battles
and
The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov;
also Zhukov and Vasilevsky in
Stalingrad
Epopeya.

HITLER, HALDER, JODL

From an interview with Adolf Heusinger plus Halder's diary. Also William L. Shirer's
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
and Speer's
Inside the Third Reich.

FOURTH PANZER ARMY ADVANCE

From interviews with Fritz Dieckmann and Hubert Wirkner; Han Schiller's diary; plus German Twenty-ninth Motorized Division History; also V. Chuikov's
The Battle for Stalingrad;
plus Paul Care11's
Hitler Moves East.

KHRUSHCHEV'S CONVERSATION WITH STALIN

From Khrushchev's
Khrushchev Remembers.

Chapter Nine

VASSILI CHUIKOV'S ASSUMPTION OF COMMAND

From N. I. Krylov in
Stalingrad Epopeya;
Chuikov's
The Battle for Stalingrad
and Yeremenko's
Stalingrad
.

THE MEETINGS AT THE KREMLIN

From A. M. Vasilevsky in
Stalingrad
Epopeya
and Zhukov's
Marshal Zhukov's Greatest Battles
and
The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov.

THE ENTRY OF GERMAN INFANTRY INTO CENTRAL STALINGRAD

From interviews with Giinter von Below, Gerhard Dietzel, Gerhard Meunch, Arthur Schmidt; statement by Hans Schiller. Also Werner Halle's diary in Twenty-ninth Division history.

RUSSIAN COUNTERMOVES (this and next two chapters)

Chuikov's
The Battle for Stalingrad;
A. S. Chuyanov's "From the Stalingrad Diary,"
Oktyaber
no. 2, 1968; E. Kriger's article in
lzvestia,
Feb. 3, 1970; Ivan Paderin's "Infantryman of the Party,"
Krasnaya Zvedza,
Feb. 2, 1963, and his
In the Main Direction;
Colonels Petrakov and Yelin's recollections
in The Fight for Stalingrad;
A. I. Rodimtsev's "Stormy Days and Nights,"
Y unost,
no. 2, 1968; his
On the Banks of the Mandanares and Volga
and
On the Last Frontier,
and his excerpted diary in
Sovetskaya Rossiya,
Feb. 1, 1970; K. K. Rokossovsky's "The Stalingrad Epopeya,"
Sputnik,
no. 2, 1968; I. Samchuk's
The Thirteenth Guards;
M. Vavilova's "A Severe Existence" in
Kra.snaya Zvezda,
Feb. I, 1963; Samsonov's
The Stalingrad Battle
and
Stalingrad
Epopeya.

Chapter Ten

SOVIET CIVILIANS

From B. V. Druzhinin (collection)
Two Hundred Fiery Days;
Genkina, Gerasimov, Grossman and Koroteev (works previously cited); Vodolagin's
Under the Walls of Stalingrad.

THE GERMAN SEVENTY-FIRST DIVISION

From interviews with Gunter von Below and Gerhard Meunch; also daily reports of the Seventy-first Infantry Division.

THE VOLGA CROSSING BY SOVIET REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE SIXTY-SECOND ARMY

From interviews with Tania Chernova, Pyotr Deriabin and Alexei Petrov. Also Chuikov's
The Battle for Stalingrad,
Genkina's
Heroic Stalingrad;
Gerasimov's
The Stalingradians;
V. I. Grossman's
Stalingrad Hits Back;
M. Ingor's
Siberians—The Heroes of Stalingrad;
V. Koroteev's
Stalingrad Sketches
and
I Saw It;
Samsonov's
Stalingrad Epopeya
and
The Stalingrad Battle.

ATTITUDE OF GERMAN SOLDIERS IN LATE SEPTEMBER

From interviews with Wilhelm Alter, Karl Binder, Friedrich Breining, Emil Metzger, Josef Metzler, Hans Oettl, Herbert Rentsch, Carl Rodenburg; also Paul Epple, Georg Frey, Karl Geist, Anton Kappler, Oskar Stange.

OPERATION URANUS TALKS

Zhukov's memoirs previously cited. Vasilevsky's "Unforgettable Days,"
V./.Z.,
1965. Also Samsonov's
The Stalingrad Battle
and
Stalingrad
Epopeya. Chapter Eleven

PAVLOV'S HOUSE

From I. F. Afanasyev's
House of The Soldier's Fame,
and his article in
Krasnaya Zvedza,
Feb. 2, 1963. Also I. Gummer and Y. Harin's
Heroes Chapter Notes / 427 of The Big Battle;
V. Gurkin's "The Pavlov House," no. 2, 1963. L. Savelyev's "I Am From the House of Pavlov,"
Sovetskaya Rossiya,
Feb. 2, 1963. Also Ronald Seth's
Stalingrad
: Point of Return.

SNIPING AND ZAITSEV'S DUEL WITH MAJOR KONINGS

From an interview with Tania Chernova. Also V. Zaitsev's
Notes of a Sniper
and V. Yuriev's
The Great Victory of Stalingrad; V.1.Z.,
no. 8, 1966; Chuikov's
The Battle for Stalingrad.

GERMAN BUILDUP AND ATTACK ON FACTORY DISTRICT

From interviews with Wilhelm Alter, Eugen Baumann, Karl Binder, Franz Deifel, Heinz Giessel, Heinrich Klotz, Ottmar Kohler, Heinz Neist, Arthur Schmidt, and Rudolf Taufer.
Also Sixth Army records, October 6– 30 (see Documents).

SOVIET INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS AND AIR STRENGTH

From Chuikov's
The Battle for Stalingrad;
N. Denisov's "On Airports Near the Volga,"
Aviatska
I.
Kosmonavtika,
no.. 1, 1968. I. Dynin's "Smoky Sky,"
Krasnaya Zvezda,
Feb. 2, 1968; N. E. Lentchevsky's
Trial by Fire;
A. Vladimirov's "Air Force in the Battle of Stalingrad" in
Vestnik Vozduzknoge Flota,
May 1943.

RUSSIAN DEFENSE OF THE FACTORIES

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Pyotr Deriabin, Hersch Gurewicz, Alexei Petrov, and Pyotr Zabavkiksh. Also Boris Filimonov's
The Immortals;
V. Gartchinko's "Tempered in the Fire,"
Krasnaya Zvezda,
Feb. 2, 1968; Genkina's
Heroic Stalingrad;
Gerasimov's
The Stalingradians;
A. Kolesnik's
The Great Battle on the Volga;
I..Lyudnikov's "Soldiers on the Barricades,"
Ogonyok,
no. 5, 1968; I. Paderin's
In the Main Direction;
E. T. Siserov in
The Fight for Stalingrad;
I. Semin's
Stalingrad
Tales.

Chapter Twelve

FIGHTING AROUND THE BARRIKADY AND RED OCTOBER PLANT

From interviews with Ignacy Changar, Tania Chemova, Hersch Gurewicz, Heinz Neist, Alexei Petrov, Ernst Wohlfahrt and from diaries of Karl Binder and Wilhelm Kreiser. Also German Seventy-ninth Division
History—The Way of the Seventy-ninth Infantry Division, 1939-1945,
and a series of orders to German 305th Division regiments on seizing the factory district, plus K. S. Belov's
From the Volga to Prague;
N. I. Biryukov's
Two Hundred Days in Battle;
A. D. Kolesnik's
The Great Victory on the Volga;
A. D. Stupov's
The Sixty-second Army in the Stalingrad Battles;
and Samsonov's
The Stalingrad Battle
and
Stalingrad
Epopeya.

Chapter Thirteen

RUSSIAN BUILDUP AND GERMAN REACTION

From interviews with Winrich Behr, Gregori Denisov, Hersch Gurewicz, Alexei Petrov, Emil Metzger, Arthur Schmidt, Wolf Pelikan; a statement by Karl Ostarhild (see Second Television Company, Wiesbaden, Germany, documentary film on twenty-fifth anniversary of Battle of Stalingrad); and a report by German Intelligence East, September—November, 1942. Also Reinhard Gehlen's
The Service
and Goerlitz's
Paulus and Stalingrad.
For statements by Batov, Kazakov, Lelyushenko, Popov, Rokossovsky, Telegin, Vasilevsky, Zheltov, Zhukov, etc., see Samsonov's
Stalingrad
Epopeya
and
The Stalingrad Battle,
as well as Freiherr von Richthofen's diary.

Chapter Fourteen

HITLER'S SPEECH IN MUNICH

From Speer's
Inside the Third Reich.
The author also visited the Lowenbraukeller and inspected the stage where Hitler accepted his cronies' applause.

THE PIONEERS AND LYUDNIKOV

From interviews with Karl Binder, Wilhelm Giebeler, Josef Linden, Ernst Wohlfahrt; also Linden monograph, Eugen Rettenmaier's diary and Herbert SeIle's
The Tragedy of Stalingrad;
Lyudnikov's "There Is A Cliff on The Volga" from Druzhinin's
Two Hundred Fiery Days;
Lyudnikov's article in
Ogonyok,
no. 5, Jan. 1968; S. Glukhovsky's
Lyudnikov's Island.

SOVIET BUILDUP

The D papers (previously mentioned).

Chapter Fifteen

CONDITIONS IN THE STEPPE

From interviews with Friedrich Breining, Karl Binder, Ekkehart Brunnert, Karl Englehardt, Herbert Rentsch, Gottlieb Slotta; also Herbert Selle's
The Tragedy of Stalingrad.

SOVIET SOLDIERS LIFE BEHIND THE FRONT LINES

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Ignacy Changar, Tania Chernova, Pyotr Deriabin, Hersch Gurewicz, and Alexei Petrov. Also Genkina's
Heroic Stalingrad
and Gerasimov's
The Stalingradians;
Grossman's
Stalingrad
Hits Back.

STALIN—VOLSKY

From Vasilevsky and Zhukov in
Stalingrad
Epopeya.
Also Zhukov's own memoirs (previously mentioned), and V. T . Volsky's story
in V.I.Z.,
no. 10, 1965.

THE APPROACH TO ZERO HOUR

Interviews with Winrich Behr, Hermann Kastle, Wolf Pelikan, Alexei Petrov, and Abraham Spitkovsky. Also Werthen's
History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division.