Dreamers of a New Day (51 page)

3
  Cooper,
A View from the South
, p. 61.

4
  Frances Ellen Harper, ‘Duty to Dependent Races’, Transactions of the National Council of Women of the United States, available online:
http://womhist.binghamton.edu/aswpl/doc2.htm
, p. 4 (accessed 05/06/02).

5
  Scott,
Feminism and the Politics of Working Women
, p. 148.

6
  Cooper,
A View from the South
, p. 31.

7
  Terrell, ‘The Progress of Colored Women’, available online:
http://gos.sbc.edu/t/terrellmary.htm
, p. 3.

8
  Scott,
Feminism and the Politics of Working Women
, p. 148; see Paula Giddings,
When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America
, Bantam Books, Toronto, 1988, pp. 85–117.

9
  Sarah Reddish, 1907, quoted in Hollis,
Ladies Elect
, p. 431.

10
  Sarah Reddish, 1894, quoted in Scott,
Feminism and the Politics of Working Women
, p. 77.

11
  Enid Stacy, ‘A Century of Women’s Rights’, in ed. Edward Carpenter,
Forecasts of the Coming Century
, The Labour Press, Manchester, 1897, p. 100.

12
  Ibid., p. 101.

13
  Ibid., p. 97.

14
  Mabel Atkinson,
The Economic Foundations of the Women’s Movement
, Fabian Tract, No. 175, The Fabian Society, London, 1914, p. 22; see eds Dimand, Dimand, Forget,
Women of Value
, p. 44.

15
  Dorothy Jewson,
Socialists and the Family: A Plea for Family Endowment
(pamphlet), ILP Publication, London, no date, p. 6.

16
  Ibid., p. 5.

17
  Mrs Mabel Harding, ‘Social Motherhood’,
Daily Herald
, 19 April 1912, p. 11.

18
  Hannam and Hunt,
Socialist Women
, p. 145.

19
  Hollis,
Ladies Elect
, p. 420.

20
  Margaret Ashton, quoted in ibid.

21
  Ibid.

22
  Margaret Ashton, quoted in ibid.

23
  Virginia Woolf, ‘Introduction’ in ed Llewelyn Davies,
Life As We Have Known It
, p. xv.

24
  Florence Farrow, Women’s Guild Congress, Report,
Derby Monthly Records
, October 1919, p. 27.

25
  Vorse,
A Footnote to Folly
, p. 168.

26
  Beatrice M. Hinkle, ‘Why Feminism?’, in. ed. Showalter,
These Modern Women
, p. 141.

27
  Leavenworth, ‘Virtue for Women’ in ed. Kirchwey,
Our Changing Morality
, p. 86.

28
  Crystal Eastman, ‘Britain’s Labour Women’,
The Nation
, 15 July 1925, in ed. Cook,
Crystal Eastman
, p. 142.

29
  Crystal Eastman, ‘A Matter of Emphasis’,
Time and Tide
, 5 June 1925, in ibid., p. 139.

30
  Eva Hubback, 1926, quoted in Harrison,
Prudent Revolutionaries
, p. 280.

31
  La Follette,
Concerning Women
, p. 53.

32
  Ibid., p. 306.

33
  Ibid., p. 207.

34
  Mary Macarthur, quoted in Drake,
Women in Trade Unions
, p. 45.

35
  Drake,
Women in Trade Unions
, p. 31.

36
  Ibid., p. 209.

37
  Ibid., p. 197.

38
  Nelson Lichtenstein,
State of the Union: A Century of American Labor
, Princeton University Press, Princeton, p. 7.

39
  Ibid., pp. 8–9.

40
  Mumford,
Sketches from Life
, p. 218.

41
  Ibid., p. 222.

42
  Marot,
American Labor Unions
, p. 9.

43
  Marot,
The Creative Impulse in Industry
, p. 63.

44
  Mumford,
Sketches from Life
, p. 223.

45
  Marot,
The Creative Impulse in Industry
, p. 144.

46
  Ibid., p. 144.

47
  Mary Parker Follett,
The New State: Group Organization the Solution of Popular Government
, Peter Smith, Gloucester, Massachusetts, 1965, p. 330.

48
  Ibid., p. 330.

49
  Ibid., p. 238.

50
  Ibid., p. 235.

51
  Ibid., pp. 233–5.

52
  Ibid., p. 222.

53
  Ibid.

54
  Ibid., p. 241.

55
  Ibid., p. 222.

56
  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

57
  Showalter, Introduction, in ed. Showalter,
These Modern Women
, pp. 3–29.

58
  Ruth Pickering, ‘A Deflated Rebel’, in ed. Showalter,
These Modern Women
, p. 62.

59
  Emma Goldman to Ben Reitman, 13 December 1909, quoted in Falk,
Love, Anarchy and Emma Goldman
, p. 113.

60
  Mary Heaton Vorse, quoted in Dee Garrison,
Mary Heaton Vorse: The Life of an American Insurgent
, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1989, p. 25.

61
  Ibid., p. 189.

62
  Leonora Eyles, ‘The Unattached Woman’,
Good Housekeeping
, March 1928, in eds Braithwaite and Walsh,
Things My Mother Should Have Told Me
, p. 74.

63
  Russell,
The Right to Be Happy
, p. 148.

64
  Emma Brooke, 1886, quoted in Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 28.

65
  Mabel Dodge Luhan, 1914, quoted in Rudnick,
Mabel Dodge Luhan
, p. 73.

66
  Holmes, ‘The “Unwomanly” Woman’,
Our New Humanity
, Vol. 1, No. 3, March 1896, p. 13.

67
  Mary Heaton Vorse, quoted in Garrison,
Mary Heaton Vorse
, p. 34.

68
  Jane Addams, quoted in Sklar,
Florence Kelley and the Nation’s Work
, p. 295.

69
  Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch, quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 32.

70
  Ibid., p. 38.

71
  Isabella Ford,
Women as Factory Inspectors and Certifying Surgeons
(pamphlet), Women’s Co-operative Guild, London, 1898, p. 4.

72
  Sklar,
Florence Kelley and the Nation’s Work
, p. 295. On Britain see Eileen Janes Yeo,
The Contest for Social Science: Relations and Representations of Gender and Class
, Rivers Oram Press, London, 1996, pp. 246–78.

73
  Helena Born,
Scrapbooks
1870–1892, ‘Whitman and Nature: Thoreau’, Manuscript Lecture Notes, p. 5, Tamiment Institute Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives.

74
  Clara Cahill Park, quoted in Beard,
Woman’s Work in Municipalities
, p. 252.

75
  Cooper,
A View from the South
, p. 186.

76
  Ford,
Industrial Women and How to Help Them
, p. 9.

77
  On this tension in relation to class see E. P. Thompson, ‘Education or Experience’, in E. P. Thompson,
The Romantics
, Merlin, London, 1997, pp. 4–32.

78
  Gilman,
Women and Economics
, p. 79. See Lane,
To Herland and Beyond
, p. 297.

79
  Lane, Introduction to Gilman,
Herland
, pp. xxi–xxii.

80
  Lizzie (Swank) Holmes, ‘Labor Exchangers’ in
Labor Exchange
, 30 April 1887, p. 5.

81
  Webb, ‘Introduction to “The Awakening of Women”’ in Lengermann and Niebrugge-Brantley,
The Women Founders
, p. 303.

82
  Mary Parker Follett, quoted in Beard,
Woman’s Work in Municipalities
, p. 308.

83
  Parsons, ‘Changes in Sex Relations’ in ed. Kirchwey,
Our Changing Morality
, p. 48.

84
  Voltairine de Cleyre, ‘Ideas of Anarchism’, in
Man: A Journal of the Anarchist Ideal and Movement
, Vol. 3, No. 6, June 1935, p. 5.

85
  Ibid.

86
  De Cleyre, ‘The Dominant Idea’, quoted in Avrich,
An American Anarchist
, pp. 169–70.

87
  Vida Scudder, quoted in ‘Miss Scudder’s Criticized Speech’, Typescript, p. 2,
The Boston Common
, 9 March 1912, Vida Dutton Scudder Papers, File 3, Articles and Clippings, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.

Conclusion

1
  Ed. Ray Strachey,
Our Freedom and Its Results
, Hogarth Press, London, 1936, p. 10.

2
  Mary Beard to Harriot Stanton Blatch, 15 June 1933, quoted in DuBois,
Harriot Stanton Blatch
, p. 263.

3
  Mary E. Van Cleves, quoted in Rosalyn Baxandall and Elizabeth Ewen,
Picture Windows: How the Suburbs Happened
, Basic Books, New York, 2000, p. 71.

4
  Darlene Clark Hine, ‘The Housewives’ League of Detroit: Black Women and Economic Nationalism’ in eds Nancy A. Hewitt and Suzanne Lebsock,
Visible Women: New Essays on American Activism
, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1993, pp. 223–4.

5
  
New Republic
, 8 April 1936, quoted in Orleck,
Common Sense and a Little Fire
, p. 239.

6
  Mary Heaton Vorse,
Labor’s New Millions
, Arno and The New York Times, New York, 1969, p. 292. On Britain see Henry Srebrnik, ‘Class, Ethnicity and Gender Intertwined: Jewish Women and the East London Rent Strikes, 1935–1940’, in
Women’s History Review
, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1995, pp. 283–99.

7
  Kate Weigand,
Red Feminism: American Communism and the Making of Women’s Liberation
, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, pp. 32–8, 102–13.

8
  Dorothy Thompson, ‘Occupation: Housewife, Observation of Everyday Life’, in ed. Dorothy Thompson,
The Courage to be Happy
, Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1957, p. 203.

9
  Stella Browne, Evidence before Interdepartmental Committee on Abortion, Ministry of Health, 1938, National Archives.

10
  Naomi Mitchison,
The Home and a Changing Civilisation
, John Lane, The Bodley Head, London, 1934, pp. 49–50, 143–5.

11
  Elizabeth Hawes, ‘Men Can Take It’ (1939) in Bettina Berch,
Radical by Design: The Life and Times of Elizabeth Hawes
, E. P. Dutton, New York, 1988, pp. 81–2.

12
  Jean Gaffin and David Thoms,
Caring and Sharing: The Centenary History of the Co-operative Women’s Guild
, The Co-operative Union, Manchester, 1983, p. 162.

13
  Leon Trotsky,
Problems of Everyday Life
(1924), Pathfinder Press, New York, 1973, p. 65.

14
  Michael E. Gardiner,
Critiques of Everyday Life
, Routledge, London, 2000, pp. 34–9.

15
  Henri Lefebvre,
Everyday Life in the Modern World
, Allen Lane, Penguin Press, London, 1971, p. 92. In
The Survival of Capitalism
, Allison and Busby, London, 1976, p. 74, Lefebvre comments on how ‘the eruption of the female’ had enabled the ‘
body
’ to reappear as an element of ‘subversion’.

16
  Lefebvre,
Everyday Life in the Modern World
, p. 173.

17
  See Ruth Lister,
Citizenship: Feminist Perspectives
, Palgrave, Macmillan, New York, 2003; Kathleen Jones,
Compassionate Authority, Democracy and the Representation of Women
, Routledge, New York, 1993; eds Sheila Rowbotham and Stephanie Linkogle,
Women Resist Globalization:Mobilizing for Livelihood and Rights
, Zed Books, London, 2001.

18
  Linda Gordon, ‘The New Feminist Scholarship on the Welfare State’, in ed. Gordon,
Women, the State and Welfare
, p. 28.