Dirty Wars (108 page)

119
escaped to Somalia
:
J. Peleman, E. H. Johns, P. S. Sandhu, and J. Tambi, “Report of the Panel of Experts on Somalia Pursuant to Security Council resolution 1425 (2002),” UN Security Council, published March 25, 2003, pp. 29-30.

120
Mennonite missionaries, keeping the books
:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011.

120
once or twice a week
:
Ibid.

120
US team
:
Sean D. Naylor, “Clandestine Somalia Missions Yield AQ Targets,”
Army Times
, November 14, 2011.

120
“
The airport is inland
”:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011.

120
network of surveillance
:
Naylor, “Clandestine Somalia Missions Yield AQ Targets.”

120
pay him $100,000-$150,000
:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011.

120
“
non-traditional liaison partners
”:
US diplomatic cable 06NAIROBI2425 from Ambassador William Bellamy, US Embassy Nairobi, “Somalia: A Strategy for Engagement,” June 2, 2006, released by WikiLeaks,
http://wikileaks.org/cable/2006/06/06NAI-ROBI2425.html
.

120
“
Operation Black Hawk
”:
Naylor, “Clandestine Somalia Missions Yield AQ Targets.”

121
Radical Islam was new
:
Dr. Ken Menkhaus, “Political Islam in Somalia,”
Middle East Policy
9 (I) (March 2002). Menkhaus writes, “Despite—or perhaps because of—the fact that it is the only country in the Horn of Africa which is almost entirely Muslim, Somalia has not historically been home to the same level of radical Islamic political activity as has been the case in neighboring, religiously divided states.”

121
“
Either you are with us
”:
President Bush, “Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People,” Washington, DC, September 20, 2001.

121
“
We are with you
”:
Author interview, Ismail Mahmoud Hurre, June 2011.

121
groups and individuals, “disrupt the financial support
”:
Executive Order 13224, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, September 23, 2011,
www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/122570.htm
.

121
largely disbanded
:
International Crisis Group, “Somalia's Divided Islamists,” Africa Briefing No. 74, May 18, 2010, pp. 3–4.

121
insurrection
:
David Chazan, “Who Are al-Ittihad?” BBC.co.uk, November 30, 2002.

122
assassinations in Ethiopia
:
International Crisis Group, “Somalia: Countering Terrorism in a Failed State,” Africa Report No. 45, May 23, 2002, p. 10.

122
Task Force 150
:
Michael R. Gordon, “Threats and Responses: The Operations; U.S. Turns Horn of Africa into a Military Hub,”
New York Times
, November 17, 2002.

122
“
not a question of ‘if
'”:
“US Chides German Minister,” BBC.co.uk, December 20, 2001.

122
“
a funny report
”:
Transcript, “DoD News Briefing—Secretary Rumsfeld,” December 19, 2001.

122
“
ripe for misuse
”:
Alan Sipress and Peter Slevin, “Powell Wary of Iraq Move; U.S. Eyes Somalia in Continuing Al Qaeda Hunt,”
Washington Post
, December 21, 2001.

122
“
rebuilding its infrastructure
”:
Ambassador William Bellamy, “Somalia: A Strategy for Engagement.”

122
“
terror cells being in Somalia
”:
Associated Press, “U.S. Concerned About Terrorist Activity in Somalia,”
Navy Times
, December 12, 2001.

122
“
Identifying Somalia as a terrorist base
”:
Simon Reeve, “News Analysis; U.S. Returning to a Nightmare Called Somalia,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, December 16, 2001.

123
“
People mention Somalia
”:
Transcript, “DoD News Briefing—Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz and Rear Admiral Stufflebeem,” December 10, 2001.

123
“
small potatoes
”:
Karl Vick, “Al Qaeda Ally in Somalia in Tatters; Only Remnants Remain of Potential U.S. Target,”
Washington Post
, February 24, 2002.

123
“
There's no need
”:
Ibid.

123
between ten and twelve
:
Ibid.

123
“
abysmal
”:
Ibid.

123
“
bring the full resources
”:
Author interview, former task force member, March 2011.

124
team on standby
:
Naylor, “Clandestine Somalia Missions Yield AQ Targets.”

124
removed from the Somali equation
”:
Ambassador William Bellamy, “Somalia: A Strategy for Engagement.”

124
included in a 1998 indictment
:
United States of America v. Usama bin Laden et al., United States District Court Southern District of New York, April 2000, cns.miis.edu/reports/pdfs/binladen/indict.pdf.

124
“
cut the head off
”:
John J. Goldman, “Testimony Shines Light on Bid [
sic
] Laden's Terror Strategy,”
Los Angeles Times
, February 7, 2001.

124
250 jihadists
:
Lawrence Wright,
The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11
(New York: Vintage Books, 2006), p. 214.

124
“
The youth were surprised
”:
John Miller, “Greetings, America. My Name is Osama Bin Laden,”
Esquire
, February 1, 1999.

124
“
never heard of bin Laden
”:
Reeve, “U.S. Returning to a Nightmare Called Somalia.”

125
Operation Gothic Serpent, Garrison, contingent's commander
:
Michael Smith,
Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team
(New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2008), pp. 179-180.

125
“
This ragged place
”:
Lieutenant General William G. Boykin (Ret.), with Lynn Vincent,
Never Surrender: A Soldier's Journey to the Crossroads of Faith and Freedom
(New York: FaithWords, 2008), p. 276.

125
ramping up
:
Smith,
Killer Elite
, p. 189.

125
retired
:
“Pillars of Success: William F. Garrison (BBA ‘66),” The University of Texas-Pan American, accessed November 20, 2012,
http://portal.utpa.edu/utpa_main/dua_2011/alumni_home/awards/pillars_of_success/2008/#.UO0VRxzKZcQ
.

125
exactly two days, injuries
:
Haroun M. Hassan, “Gen. Mohamed Aidid, Self-Proclaimed Somali President, Is Dead,” Associated Press, August 2, 1996.

125
five members
:
Wright,
The Looming Tower
, p. 305.

125
electric shock
:
Andrew Higgins and Christopher Cooper, “CIA-Backed Team Used Brutal Means to Break Up Cell in Albania,”
Wall Street Journal
, November 20, 2001.

125
“
a language they will understand
”:
Wright,
The Looming Tower
, pp. 305-306.

125
Ten Most Wanted List
:
Dan Eggen, “Bin Laden, Most Wanted for Embassy Bombings?”
Washington Post
, August 28, 2006.

125
payback
:
Wright,
The Looming Tower
, p. 308.

125
eighth anniversary
:
Phil Hirschkorn, “Embassy Bombings Jury Asks for Even More Evidence,” CNN.com, May 14, 2001.

125
“
all the means at our disposal
”:
Philip Shenon, “Bombings in East Africa: In Washington; Focus on Suspects in Past Attacks,”
New York Times
, August 8, 1998.

126
“
not inconsistent,” arresting
:
Joint Inquiry Briefing by Staff on US Government Counterterrorism Organizations (Before September 11, 2001) and on the Evolution of the Terrorist Threat and U.S. Response: 1986-2001, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, June 11, 2002
.

126
“
was much easier
”:
Richard H. Shultz Jr., “Showstoppers: Nine Reasons Why We Never Sent Our Special Operations Forces After al Qaeda Before 9/11,”
Weekly Standard
9 (19), January 26, 2004.

126
“
Don't let these SOF guys
”:
Ibid.

126
scouting missions
:
International Crisis Group, “Counter-Terrorism in Somalia.”

126
Operation Infinite Reach
:
James Risen, “To Bomb Sudan Plant, or Not: A Year Later, Debates Rankle,”
New York Times
, October 27, 1999.

126
half of Sudan's medications
:
European Sudanese Public Affairs Council, “‘Confused, Inconclusive and Contradictory': An Assessment and Analysis of the American Government's ‘Evidence' for the Cruise Missile Attack on Sudan,” September 1998,
www.espac.org/al_shifa_pages/al-shifa_1.asp
.

126
“
long-term struggle
”:
Transcript, “Terrorism on Trial,”
NewsHour with Jim Lehrer
, PBS, February 5, 2001.

127
“
small slice of Mogadishu
”:
Author interview, Ismail Mahmoud Hurre, June 2011.

127
“
a low-to-invisible
”:
General Wayne A. Downing (Ret.), Forward to report by Clint Watts, Jacob Shapiro, and Vahid Brown, “Al-Qaida's (Mis)Adventures in the Horn of Africa,” The Harmony Project, Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, July 2, 2007.

127
fly from Nairobi, ground rules
:
Naylor, “Clandestine Somalia Missions Yield AQ Targets.”

127
reluctant to pull the trigger
:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011.

127
captured in spring 2003
:
Human Rights Watch, “Off the Record: US Responsibility for Forced Disappearances in the ‘War on Terror,'” June 2007.

127
Mohamed Dheere
:
International Crisis Group, “Counter-Terrorism in Somalia.”

127
two secret prisons
:
Human Rights Watch, “Off the Record: US Responsibility for Forced Disappearances.”

127
home of a Somali militant, Sudani
:
International Crisis Group, “Counter-Terrorism in Somalia.”

128
According to Isse
:
Paul Salopek, “‘Nobody Is Watching'; America's Hidden War in Somalia,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 24, 2008. Information about Isse's time in US custody comes from this article.

128
“
The scramble
”:
International Crisis Group, “Counter-Terrorism in Somalia.”

128
repatriate them, execute them
:
Author interview, Mogadishu, Somalia, June 2011.

128
“
already heinous warlords
”:
Author interview, Abdirahman “Aynte” Ali, June 2011.

128
“
may seem unpalatable
”:
Ambassador William Bellamy, “Somalia: A Strategy for Engagement.”

129
“
No mercy
”:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011.

129
“
US government was not helping
”:
Author interview, Ismail Mahmoud Hurre, June 2011.

129
“
Jedi Knights
”:
John Barry and Michael Hirsh, “The Hidden General,”
Newsweek
, June 25, 2006.

130
Shortly after 11:00 p.m.
:
Owen Bowcott and David Pallister, “‘The Message Is: You're Not Safe Here,'”
Guardian
, May 13, 2003.

130
Vinnell Corporation, pro-US Saudi billionaire
:
“One Bombed Compound Owned by Pro-Western Saudi,” CNN.com, May 13, 2003.

130
Al Mohaya housing compound
:
“Riyadh Attack Death Toll Mounts,” BBC.co.uk, November 9, 2003.

130
campaign against al Qaeda
:
Evan Osnos, “Al Qaeda Blamed for Saudi Blast; Death Toll at Seventeen; Americans Are Among Wounded,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 10, 2003.

130
Muhammad Hamdi al Ahdal
:
“Yemen Arrests a Leading Member of Al Qaeda,”
New York Times
, November 26, 2003.

130
arrested more than one hundred
:
Craig S. Smith, “Fire on French Tanker off Yemen Raises Terrorism Fears,”
New York Times
, October 7, 2002.

130
“
There was an interlude
”:
Yemen: Confronting al-Qaeda, Preventing State Failure, Hearing Before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
, 111th Cong. 53 (2010) (prepared testimony of Gregory D. Johnsen).