Dirty Wars (107 page)

106
“
There were a lot of us
”:
Hastings,
The Operators
, p. 90.

106
“
made more difficult
”:
Transcript, “HBO History Makers Series with Stanley McChrystal,” interview with Tom Brokaw, Council on Foreign Relations, October 6, 2011.

106
“
the daily lie,” “I don't benefit,” “not the best use
”:
Allison Stevens, “Lawmakers Split About Benefits of Private Briefings on Status of Iraq War,”
Congressional Daily Monitor
, April 9, 2003.

107
“
My staff goes
”:
Ibid.

107
“
They simply give us the facts
”:
Ibid.

107
“
more extensive
”:
Transcript, “DoD News Briefing—[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs Victoria] Clarke and Maj. Gen. McChrystal,” April 4, 2003.

107
“
very focused targeting
”:
Transcript, “Special Targeting Procedures,” Foreign Press Center Briefing with Major General McChrystal, April 3, 2003.

107
“
I would anticipate
”:
Eric Schmitt and Bernard Weinraub, “A Nation at War: Military; Pentagon Asserts the Main Fighting Is Finished in Iraq,”
New York Times
, April 15, 2003.

107
one meal, twelve miles
:
Dexter Filkins,
“Stanley McChrystal's Long War,”
New York Times Magazine
, October 14, 2009.

107
Talladega Nights
, Bud Lite Lime
:
Michael Hastings, “The Runaway General,”
Rolling Stone
, July 8, 2010.

107
“
unique warrior
”:
Author interview, Andrew Exum, March 2012. All information and statements attributed to Andrew Exum are from the author's interview.

108
Janet Reno
:
Marc Ambinder, “The Night Beat: Obama Borrows the Military Back,” TheAtlantic.com, June 23, 2010.

108
“
epitome of a warrior
”:
Author interview, former Special Operations staffer, March 2011.

108
“
McChrystal is stubborn
”:
Dalton Fury, “The Pope,”
Small Wars Journal
, May 14, 2009. The following quotations of Dalton Fury come from his essay.

109
“
A third generation soldier
”:
Carl Prine, “McChrystal Clear,” Line of Departure (blog), Military.com, June 3, 2012.

109
“
I like Stan
”:
Author interview, Colonel Douglas Macgregor, August 2010. All statements and information attributed to Colonel Macgregor come from the author's interview.

110
“
great crusade against Islam
”:
Author interview with retired military officer, July 2010.

110
Catholic convert
:
James Dao, “Aftereffects: The Overseer—Man in the News; at the Helm in Shattered Iraq: Lewis Paul Bremer III,”
New York Times
, May 8, 2003.

110
“
Our retribution
”:
L. Paul Bremer III, “Crush Them; Let Us Wage Total War on Our Foes,” op-ed,
Wall Street Journal
, September 13, 2001.

110
“
running the occupation
”:
Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III, with Malcolm McConnell,
My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope
(New York: Threshold Editions, 2006), pp. 6-7.

111
“
paramount authority figure
”:
Ibid., p. 2.

111
brainchild
:
Ibid., p. 37. Bremer describes Defense Secretary Rumsfeld as giving him his “marching orders” to proceed with de-Baathification, with Feith doing the groundwork.

111
“
Order 1
”:
Naomi Klein, “Baghdad Year Zero,”
Harper's
, September 2004.

111
“
450,000 enemies
”:
David Rieff, “Blueprint for a Mess,”
New York Times Magazine
, November 2, 2003.

111
“
We are going to fight them
”:
Transcript, Interview with L. Paul Bremer III,
Breakfast with Frost
, BBC, June 29, 2003,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/breakfast_with_frost/3029904.stm
.

111
“
My fellow Americans
”:
Transcript, “Remarks by the President from the USS Abraham Lincoln,” May 1, 2003.

111
were killed
:
Ann Scott Tyson, “Anatomy of the Raid on Hussein's Sons,”
Christian Science Monitor
, July 24, 2003.

111
“
the phrase ‘guerrilla war
'”:
Transcript, “DoD News Briefing—Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers,” June 30, 2003.

111
“
classical guerrilla-type campaign
”:
Brian Knowlton, “Top US General in Iraq Sees ‘Classical Guerrilla-Type' War,”
New York Times
, July 16, 2003.

112
“
significant terrorist threat
”:
Alissa J. Rubin, Mark Fineman, and Edmund Sanders, “Iraqis on Council to Get Guards,”
Los Angeles Times
, August 13, 2003.

112
United Nations headquarters
:
Sameer N. Yacoub (AP), “Huge Explosion Rocks UN Headquarters in Iraq,”
USA Today
(
USAToday.com
), August 20, 2003; CBS/AP, “Baghdad Bomb Crude but Deadly,”
CBSNews.com
.

112
alleged
:
Associated Press, “CIA Feels al-Qaida Tape on Iraq Is Probably Authentic,” NBCNews.com, April 7, 2004. The United States and the UN both cited the August 2003 attack in their sanctions against Zarqawi and his group. In a 2004 audiotape, a man claiming to be Zarqawi took credit for the UN attack. An unnamed agency official told journalists that the tape was “probably authentic.”

112
“
determined adversaries
”:
Transcript, remarks as delivered by Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, Veterans of Foreign Wars event, San Antonio, TX, August 25, 2003.

113
withdraw all remaining
:
Edith M. Lederer, “Annan Orders U.N. Cutbacks in Iraq Staff,” Associated Press, September 25, 2003.

113
traveled to Afghanistan
:
Mary Anne Weaver, “The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi,”
Atlantic
, July–August 2006.

113
indicted in absentia
:
“Jordan Says Major al Qaeda Plot Disrupted,” CNN.com, April 26, 2004.

113
medical treatment
:
Brian Ross, “CIA Questions Saddam's Ties to al Qaeda,”
ABC-News.go.com
, October 5, 2004.

113
“
some al-Qaeda leaders
”:
Transcript, “Remarks by the President on Iraq,” Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 7, 2002.

113
“
deadly terrorist network
”:
Transcript, Colin Powell address before the United Nations Security Council, February 5, 2003,
www.nytimes.com/2003/02/06/world/threats-responses-powell-s-address-present-ing-deeply-troubling-evidence-iraq.html?pag-ewanted=all&src=pm
.

113
was a dubious one
:
Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence, Postwar Findings About Iraq's WMD Programs and Links to Terrorism and How They Compare with Prewar Assessments, S. Report 109-331, p. 63 (2006).

113
$25 million bounty
:
“U.S. Raises Zarqawi Reward to $25m,” CNN.com, July 1, 2004.

113
pledge allegiance
:
Weaver, “The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.”

114
“
They killed huge numbers
”:
Author interview, Gareth Porter, September 2010.

114
September 16, 2003, fifteen countries
:
Priest and Arkin,
Top Secret America
, pp. 236-237.

114
“
the nexus
”:
Advance Questions for Lieutenant General Bryan D. Brown, USA Nominee for Commander, accessed August 10, 2012,
www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/congress/2003_hr/brown.pdf
.

114
“
capturing, killing, or deterring
”:
Donald Rumsfeld, memorandum for Gen. Richard Myers, Paul Wolfowitz, Gen. Peter Pace, and Douglas Feith, “Subject: The Global War on Terrorism,” October 16, 2003, published in full by USAToday.com, May 20, 2005.

115
consumer product
:
Lisa Burgess, “Buyers Beware: The Real Iraq ‘Most Wanted' Cards Are Still Awaiting Distribution,”
Stars and Stripes
, April 17, 2003.

115
“
forward commander
”:
John Barry and Michael Hirsh, “The Hunt Heats Up,”
Newsweek
, March 14, 2004.

115
“‘
grow up to be 007
'”:
Barton Gellman, “Person of the Year 2011; Runners-Up; William McRaven: The Admiral,”
Time
, December 14, 2011.

115
constituent SEAL teams
:
Ibid.

115
debauched parties
:
Ibid.

115
“
The SEALS were happy
”:
Ibid.

116
“
some questionable activities
”:
Barry and Hirsh, “The Hunt Heats Up.”

116
“
end of his career
”:
Gellman, “Person of the Year 2011.”

116
twenty-one months
:
Orr Kelly,
Brave Men
—
Dark Waters: The Untold Story of the Navy SEALs
(Novato, CA: Pocket Books, 1992), p. 235.

116
“
task unit
”:
“Admiral William H. McRaven, Commander, United States Special Operations Command, United States Navy,” United States Navy, accessed August 5, 2012,
www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=40i
. Information about Admiral McRaven's subsequent assignments comes from his official biography.

116
first graduate
:
Amanda D. Stein, “USSOCOM McRaven Honors Longtime NPS Professor During SGL,” Naval Postgraduate School, June 11, 2012,
www.nps.edu/About/News/USSOCOM-McRaven-Honors-Long-time-NPS-Professor-During-SGL.html
.

116
“
the smartest SEAL that ever lived
”:
Gellman, “Person of the Year 2011.”

116
fractured his pelvis
:
Ibid.

117
principal author
:
Ibid.

117
vetting and assembling
:
Author interview, confidential source, June 2012.

118
secluded airstrip
:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011.

118
powerful warlords
:
Emily Meehan, “Notes from a Failed State: Entry 2,”
Slate
, August 19, 2008.

118
smuggling
mira
:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011. See also, Ernst Jan Hogendoorn, Mohamed Abdoulaye M'Backe, and Brynjulf Mugaas, “Report of the Panel of Experts on Somalia Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1425 (2002),” Panel of Experts on Somalia, United Nations Security Council, March 25, 2003, p. 39.

118
Bluebird Aviation
:
Ibid. Many journalists have documented the smuggling business run by Bluebird Aviation. See Donald G. McNeil Jr., “Correspondence/Touring Somalia: When All Else Fails (Like the State), Take the Drug Flight into Town,”
New York Times
, February 3, 2002.

118
“
American intelligence
”:
Author interview, Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, June 2011. Quotations from Mohamed Afrah Qanyare come from the interview with the author, unless otherwise noted.

119
simultaneous attacks
:
Dexter Filkins, “Terror in Africa: Attacks in Mombasa; Kenyans Hunting Clues to Bombing; Toll Rises to Thirteen,”
New York Times
, November 30, 2002.

119
Arkia Israel Airlines Flight 582
:
Tim Butcher, “Missiles Launched at Holiday Plane as Bombers Bring Carnage to Hotel,”
Telegraph
, November 29, 2002.

119
later indicted
:
United States of America v. Usama bin Laden et al., United States District Court Southern District of New York, April 2000, cns.miis.edu/reports/pdfs/binladen/indict.pdf.

119
assembling a team
:
Johan Peleman, Edward Howard Johns, Pavanjeet Singh Sandhu, and John Tambi, “Report of the Panel of Experts on Somalia Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1474 (2003),” UN Security Council, published November 4, 2003, pp. 29-30.

119
weapons black market
:
International Crisis Group, “Counter-Terrorism in Somalia: Losing Hearts and Minds?” Africa Report No. 95, July 11, 2005, p. 8.

119
Tariq Abdullah
:
Ibid.

119
traced back to him
:
Marc Lacey, “Threats and Responses: African Investigation; Kenya Clears Fishermen, Saying They
Had No Ties to Attackers,”
New York Times
, December 14, 2002.

119
principal intermediary
:
International Crisis Group, “Counter-Terrorism in Somalia.”