Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism (156 page)

13
  See ‘Thinking Ecologically’, op. cit., pp. 6–7; Bookchin, ‘Freedom and Necessity in Nature’,
Alternatives
, 12, 4 (1986);
The Modern Crisis
, 2nd edn. (Montreal & New York: Black Rose, 1987), pp. 55, 71

14
  Bookchin, ‘Social Ecology versus “Deep Ecology”’,
Green Perspectives
, 4–5 (Summer 1987), 20

15
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. 10, 69

16
  ‘Social Ecology’, op. cit., 9–10. See also
‘Recovering Evolution: A Reply to Eckersley and Fox’,
Our Generation
, 12 (1990), 253

17
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 114. For a criticism of Bookchin’s view of human nature, see my article ‘Anarchism and Human Nature’,
For Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 148, n. 32

18
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. 39, 138

19
  Ibid., p. 167n

20
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 318

21
  See ‘Thinking Ecologically’, op. cit., pp. 3–4

22
  
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 102. See also
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., pp. 130–3

23
  Ibid., p. 251

24
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 40

25
  Ibid., p. 70

26
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 352; cf.
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 60

27
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., pp. 276, 278, 272. See also
The Modern Crisis
, op. cit., p. 25

28
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 78

29
  See ‘Social Ecology’, op. cit., pp. 3–4; ‘The Crisis in the Ecology Movement’,
Green Perspectives
, 6 (May 1988), pp. 1–5

30
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 19

31
  
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., pp. 26, 93, 70

32
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., pp. 276, 279

33
  ‘Thinking Ecologically’, op. cit., p. 20; see also ‘The Crisis in the Ecology Movement’, op. cit., pp. 5–6

34
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 218

35
  ‘Social Ecology’, op. cit., p. 10

36
  See
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 71n;
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 59

37
  ‘Thinking Ecologically’, op. cit., pp. 35–6;
Remaking Society
, op. cit., p. 201

38
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 320

39
  See ibid., p. 218

40
  Ibid., p. 312

41
  Ibid., p. 344

42
  Ibid., p. 266

43
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 81

44
  
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., pp. 29, 193

45
  Ibid., pp. 201, 202. See also
Remaking Society
, op. cit., p. 136

46
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 188. See also
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 208, and
The Modern Crisis
, op. cit., p. 168

47
  
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 222

48
  Ibid., pp. 126, 118

49
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 167

50
  Ibid., pp. 19–20, 221

51
  Ibid., p. 21

52
  
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., pp. 259, 245

53
  Ibid., pp. 264, 274

54
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. 119, 115

55
  Bill Devall and George Sessions,
Deep Ecology
(Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1985), p. 75, quoted in ‘Social Ecology’, op. cit., p. 12;
The Modern Crisis
, op. cit., p. 119

56
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 315

57
  Ibid., p. 342

58
  ‘Thinking Ecologically’, op. cit., p. 36;
Remaking Society
, op. cit., p. 203

59
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 116

60
  Ibid., p. 119

61
  Ibid., p. 130

62
  See Jacques Ellul,
The Technological Society
(New York: Vintage, 1964). For a broader discussion of the issue, see Carnes & Zerzan, eds.,
Questioning Technology
, op. cit.

63
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 134

64
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 339

65
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 23

66
  See ‘Social Ecology’, op. cit., p. 17; ‘The Population Myth, I - II’,
Green Perspectives
, 8 (July 1988), pp. 1–6; 15 (April 1989), pp. 1–8

67
  ‘Thinking Ecologically’, op. cit., 31, 34n, 32

68
  Ibid., pp. 36, 26

69
  
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 27

70
  
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 256

71
  ‘Social Ecology’, op. cit., pp. 19–20. See also ‘New Social Movements’,
For
Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. 259–74; ‘Radical Politics in an Era of Advanced Capitalism’,
Green Perspectives
, 18 (November 1989), pp. 1–6

72
  
Remaking Society
, op. cit., p. 171

73
  See
The Modern Crisis
, op. cit., p. 45

74
  See
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 257

1
    Tucker,
Instead of a Book
, op. cit., p. 14

2
    Proudhon, quoted in Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 53

3
    Tucker,
Instead of a Book
, op. cit., pp. 404, 131

4
    Kropotkin,
The Conquest of Bread
, op. cit., p. 35

5
    Elisée Reclus,
L’Evolution, la révolution, et l’idéal anarchique
, op. cit., p. 135

6
    Proudhon, quoted in Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 57

7
    Kropotkin,
Les Paroles d’un révolté
, op. cit., p. 117

8
    Bakunin, quoted in Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 65

9
    See Thomas,
Karl Marx and the Anarchists
, op. cit., pp. 2, 9

10
  Richard Clutterbuck, ‘Lecture to the Silver Jubilee Meeting of International Police’,
The Police Journal
(July, 1975), p. 204

11
  ‘The Reaction in Germany’,
Bakunin on Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 57

12
  
Bulletin de la Fédération Jurassienne
, 38 (12 July 1874)

13
  
Michael Bakunin: Selected Writings
, op. cit., p. 168

14
  Sergei Nechaev,
Catechism of a Revolutionary
(1869) and
Principles of Revolution
, quoted in Carr,
Michael Bakunin
(1937 edn.), op. cit., p. 380

15
  Marx and Engels, ‘The Alliance of the Socialist Democrats and the International Working Men’s Association’ in Marx, Engels & Lenin,
Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism
, op. cit., p. 117

16
  Quoted in Woodcock,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 308

17
  
Bulletin de la Fédération Jurassienne
(3 December, 1876)

18
  Carlo Cafiero,
Action et communisme
(1880), quoted in Nicolas Walter, ‘Carlo Cafiero on Action and Communism’,
The Raven
, II, 2 (October 1988), 177

19
  Berkman,
ABC of Anarchism
(1973 edn.), op. cit., p. 6

20
  Wilde,
The Soul of Man Under Socialism
, op. cit., p. 180

21
  See Miller,
Kropotkin
, op. cit., pp. 146, 174–5

22
  
Kropotkin’s Revolutionary Pamphlets
, op. cit., p. 36

23
  Kropotkin to Mrs Dryhurst, 1893, quoted in Woodcock & Avakumović,
The Anarchist Prince
, op. cit., p. 248

24
  Kropotkin, quoted in
The Anarchist Reader
, op. cit., p. 184

25
  Elisée Reclus,
L’Evolution et la révolution, et l’idéal anarchique
, op. cit., p. 15

26
  Tolstoy, ‘Patriotism and Government’,
Works
, op. cit., XLVI, 1, 252

27
  Quoted in Woodcock,
Gandhi
, op. cit., p. 86

28
  Goldman,
Anarchism and Other Essays
, op. cit., p. 51

29
  Godwin,
Anarchist Writings
, op. cit., p. 55

30
  Tolstoy, ‘Patriotism and Government’, op. cit., 252

31
  Bourne, ‘The State’, op. cit., quoted in Ward,
Anarchy in Action
, op. cit., p. 22

32
  Bart de Ligt,
The Conquest of Violence
, op. cit., p. 75

33
  See April Carter, ‘Anarchism and Violence’,
Nomos XIX: Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 320. See also Ostergaard, ‘Resisting the Nation State’,
The Nation-State
, op. cit., p. 188

34
  Buenaventura Durruti,
Montreal Star
(30 October 1936), quoted in Hugh Thomas,
The Spanish Civil War
(Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1961), p. 289

35
  Berkman,
ABC of Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 8

36
  See Carter, ‘Anarchism and Violence’, op. cit., p. 334. See also Ostergaard, ‘Resisting the Nation State’, op. cit., p. 188; Ronald Sampson,
The
Anarchist Basis of Pacifism
(Peace Pledge Union, 1970)

37
  Engels, ‘On Authority’, Marx, Engels & Lenin,
Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism
, op. cit., p. 105

38
  See April Carter, ‘Direct Action, Law, and Anarchism’,
Anarchism and the Law
, op. cit., 141–3

39
  Stirner,
The Ego and Its Own
, op. cit., p. 316

40  Berkman,
ABC of Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 8

1
    For this distinction, see Guido de Ruggiero,
The History of European Liberalism
, trans. R. G. Collingwood (Boston: Beacon Press, 1959), p. 350

2
    Malatesta,
Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 47

3
    Kropotkin,
Anarchism and Anarchist Communism
, op. cit., p. 23; Most, ‘Die Anarchie’,
Internationale Bibliothek
(1888); Rocker,
Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism
, op. cit., p. 11

4
    Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 12

5
    See Faure,
La Douleur universelle
, op. cit., p. 357

6
    See my essay, ‘Anarchism and Human Nature’, in
For Anarchism
, ed. David Goodway, op. cit., pp. 127–49