Authors: Michael Scott
Nero: as competitor in Pythian games,
209
,
211
; and consultation of the Pythia,
210
â
11
; dedications removed from Delphi by,
210
â
11
; honored by Amphictyony,
209
â
10
Nerva,
214
Nicates, son of Alcinus,
195
Nicias,
25
Nicostratus: dedication honoring,
350n12
Nike of Gelon,
151
Nikephoria games,
188
Odysseus: association with Delphi site,
158
â
59
Odyssey
(Homer),
49
offerings: altars for burning sacrificial,
94
; pelanos (cakes) as,
16
; smaller or sacrificial,
26,
47
,
67
â
68
; trade and,
53
; treasuries and storage of,
66
.
See also
dedications
oikos (room of consultation),
18
Olympia,
67
,
69
,
108
,
112
,
140
,
165
; archaeological excavation of,
261
; dedications at,
82
â
83
,
332n31
; excavation of,
263
; games at,
166
; Roman interest in,
204
â
5
,
207
; Sicyonian focus on,
332n31
omens: and celebration of Pythaïs festival,
194
; Delphi consulted to interpret,
161
; divination and natural events,
24
â
25
,
309n1
; reported at Delphi,
137
,
148
,
165
; and Sulla's raiding of treasuries at Delphi,
197
â
98
omphalos,
36
; Athens column dedication,
166
; as the “center of the world,”
18
,
36
,
166
,
299
; Hellenistic/Roman version of,
37
; in museum,
299
; as optical device,
315n19
; and tripod, location of,
16
,
18
On the Embassy
(Aeschines),
71
Oppé, A. P.,
22
oracles: authority and competition among,
39
â
40
; as continuing institution during Christian era,
236
,
242
â
43
; at Delphi (
see
Pythia
); discover of “lost,”
145
; at Dodona,
24
,
310n2
; “fortune telling,”
30
; interpretation of natural phenomena,
24
,
309n1
; lot oracle,
13
,
24
â
25
,
141
,
310n10
,
311n16
,
320n11
,
323n56
; manipulation of,
142
; manteis (oracle-tellers or seers),
25
; Plutarch on “obsolescence of,”
218
; political leaders as,
168
; religious contexts for,
24
â
26
,
54
â
55
; as “sense-making mechanism,”
30
Oribasius,
243
Origen of Alexandria,
236
Orneates of the Argolid,
167
Orrhippus of Megara,
336n15
Ottoman Empire,
250
â
51
,
263
â
64
; Greece independence from,
257
Ovid,
169
Pactyes,
97
painting: competition at Delphi,
124
; crater decorated by Iliupersis painter,
125
; embellishment of dedications,
128
Palmer, Eva,
277
palm tree dedications,
16
,
121
,
128
,
137
Pan,
167
Parallel Lives
(Plutarch),
216
Parke, Herbert,
11
â
12
,
140
,
164
,
167
,
183
Parnassus (hero),
35
Paros,
188
Parthenon,
251
â
52
,
255
â
56
; Elgin's removal of marbles from,
255
Pausanias (historian and geographer),
60
,
83
; and archeological expectations,
42
,
233
â
34
,
363n25
; English translation of works,
254
; on founding of Delphi,
35
â
36
; on inspiration of the Pythia,
21
; on rivalry among oracles,
39
â
40
; on Siphnians,
108
Pausanias (Spartan general): attempted “hijack” of Plataean dedication by,
121
,
126
,
334n6
Peisistratus,
25
pelanos (cakes) as offerings,
16
Periallus (Pythia involved in bribery),
112
,
310n5
Pericles,
131
periodos circuit,
76
,
209
,
229
,
288
,
324n7
,
339n7
perirrhanterion,
82
“peristyle house,”
214
Perseus of Macedon,
189
; Delphi used for propaganda by,
189
â
90
,
351n24
Persia,
97
â
98
,
112
; Cyrus and,
139
; peace negotiations at Delphi,
147
; Philip II of Macedon and plans to attack,
163
; as threat to Greek city states,
114
.
See also
Persian Wars
Persians
(Aeschylus),
126
Persian Wars: consultations of Delphic oracle during,
112
â
17
; dedications commemorating,
117
â
18
,
121
â
22
,
295
; Delphi suspected of treason during,
114
â
17
,
119
; and reputation of Greek cities,
117
â
18
; Thebes as Persian ally,
160
Phaselis, inscription of,
141
Pheidias,
205
Phemonoe,
310n5
Phi figurines,
44
Philip II of Macedon,
154
â
55
; Athens and,
155
,
160
,
161
; consultation of the Delphic oracle by,
163
â
64
; death of,
163
â
64
; dedications honoring,
155
,
162
; Hellenic league based in Delphi,
163
; victory at Chaeroneia over Athens and Thebes,
161
â
62
Philippi, battle of,
201
Philip V of Macedon,
179
,
180
; annexation of Greek territories by,
184
; death of,
188
; invasion of Pergamon by,
186
; as Roman ally,
185
Philiscus of Abydus,
147
Philiscus (Roman governor of Thessaly),
238
â
39
Philodamus,
152
philosopher, bust of,
217
,
300
,
362n14
philosophy at Delphi,
138
,
229
,
362n14
Phocis,
148
; accused of sacrilege by Thebans,
149
; control of Delphi by,
154
â
55
; dedications from,
111
,
167
,
169
,
171
; destruction of dedications to finance war,
151
,
154
; fine levied on,
154
,
156
,
159
; and incorporation of Delphi,
130
â
31
,
130
â
32
; manumission inscriptions at Delphi,
200
; proxeny granted to,
165
â
66
; restored to Amphictyony,
171
Phrygians,
68
Plataea: battle of,
117
Plataean serpent column,
121
â
22
,
151
; Constantine's removal of,
240
â
41
,
365n44
; destruction of elements,
151
; location,
16
; miniature of,
301
; Pausanias and attempted “hijack” of,
121
,
126
,
334n6
; remnants at Delphi,
295
Plataikos
(Isocrates),
72
Plutarch: as agonothetes and member of Amphictyony,
216
; on ambiguity of oracle,
29
; bust of “philosopher type” identified with,
217
,
300
; on calendar of religious events at Delphi,
219
â
21
; Chaeroneia as home of,
215
â
16
,
359n30
; on consultation of the Pythia,
18
â
21
,
311n13
; on Delphi as cult site,
41
â
42
,
104
,
218
â
21
; on Dionysian festivals at Delphi,
152
,
220
â
21
; and fate of dedicators,
137
; honored with dedications,
216
;
Moralia,
216
â
20
; on mysterious “E,”
204
,
217
â
18
; on Nero,
209
; on obsolescence of oracles,
218
;
Parallel Lives,
216
; on pneuma and inspiration of Pythia,
20
â
21
,
23
,
357n18
; as priest of Apollo,
222
,
223
,
229
,
300
; and reputation of Delphi,
229
; on selection and number of Pythias,
12
; on verse response of Pythia,
218
,
312n26
; visits to sanctuary at Delphi,
215
â
16
poetry: dedications honoring poets,
197
,
362n15
; Pythia and verse responses to consultation,
19
,
27
â
28
,
200
,
218
,
312n26
Polemon of Ilion,
219
political roles of oracle: and adaptability,
59
; as antityrannical or prodemocratic voice,
83
,
328n39
; in arbitration,
58
,
133
,
135
â
36
,
138
,
140
,
168
,
174
; in colonization,
59
â
63
; and control of Delphi as political issue,
70
,
79
â
80
,
122
,
201
â
2
; declining,
168
,
336n19
; and favoritism or bias,
148
; interpretation as opportunity for political deliberation,
26
â
27
,
29
,
54
â
56
; legitimation of rulers,
141
; “management consultant,”
30
,
55
,
57
; in Plato's ideal state,
143
â
44
; and propaganda,
189
â
90
; and proxenia as political tool,
344n6
; rulers as oracles in their own right,
168
; and support of
cult sites by political communities,
47
; support of reform or innovation,
54
â
59
,
81
,
109
â
10
politics: Alcamaeonid/Peisistratid rivalry,
98
â
101
,
110
; Amphictyony as “general council of Greece,”
205
â
6
; Athenian,
98
â
101
,
109
â
10
,
111
â
12
,
113
â
14
; and civic community of Delphi,
134
; dedications as political statements,
146
â
47
,
190
; Delphi as neutral or independent,
65
,
70
,
72
,
73
â
74
,
130
,
135
â
36
,
148
,
268
; Delphi as politically valuable,
201
â
2
; democracy in Greece,
98
,
109
,
133
; instability after Peloponnesian War,
139
â
48
; international interaction,
76
â
77
,
97
â
98
; military events as context for reforms,
110
; oracle and (
see
political roles of oracle
); rivalry between Athens and Sparta,
111
,
134
â
35
; Solon and reshaping of Athenian social contract,
81
; Spartan constitution,
56
â
57
; tyranny,
54
,
57
â
59
,
63
â
64
,
83
,
328n39