Delphi (68 page)

Corycian cave,
53
,
183
,
234
; archaeological excavation of,
283
–
84
; artifacts found in,
43
,
219
,
345n14
; as home of serpent,
35
; inscriptions at,
167
; modern visitors to,
301
; photos of,
3
,
14
; Raikes and discovery of,
255
; terra-cotta lamps found in,
219

Corycians,
86
–
87

Cos,
171

Coubertin, Pierre de,
272

craters,
125
,
157

Craterus, niche of,
246

Crates,
148
–
49

Crete: consultation of the oracle by,
114
; decline of influence at Delphi,
74
; and founding of Delphi,
38
; and purification of Apollo,
35
; relationship with Delphi,
69
; shields as dedications,
296
; smaller offerings as dedications from,
68
,
69

Crisa,
31
–
32
,
71
–
72
,
77
,
324n1

Croesus of Lydia,
17
,
26
–
30
,
83
,
97
,
314n53
,
328n43
; consultation of the Pythia by,
28
–
29
,
83
–
85
,
328n43
; dedications to Delphi,
84
–
85
,
93
–
94
; golden lion dedication,
84
,
93
,
151
; mixing bowls dedicated by,
84
,
93
,
151
,
198

Croton,
108
; dedications from,
123

cultivation of sacred land,
71
–
72
,
73
,
75
,
80
,
151
,
161
,
169

cults: Antinous Propylaius at Delphi,
104
,
224
,
299
; calendar of sacrifices at Delphi,
104
; during Christian era,
242
; Domitian and traditional religious observances,
212
–
13
; evidence of,
48
; gods worshipped at Delphi,
2
,
103
–
4
; Imperial cult of Rome at Delphi,
220
; mingling of secular and sacred activities,
64
–
65
,
74
; oracle as authority on,
86
,
89
; provenance of dedicated objects,
49
.
See also
Specific gods

cultural homogeneity among the Greeks,
77

currants, tax on export crop,
265
–
67

currency: Hadrian and Delphic coinage,
224

curses: of the Alcmaeonids,
98
–
99
,
109
; and cultivation of sacred land,
235
; on looted Delphic treasures,
154
,
170
–
71
,
199
; on the Phocians,
154
; and violation of asylum,
98

Curtius, Ernst,
261

Cybele,
141

Cylon,
58
,
80
,
98
,
325n14

Cyme,
97
,
140

Cyprus,
67
–
68
; dedications from,
110

Cypselus,
57
,
66
,
83
,
108
,
327n32

Cyrene,
60
–
61
,
97
; treasury dedicated by,
160
,
Plate II

Cyriac of Ancona,
249
–
51
,
283

Cyrus,
85
,
139

damiourgoi, government of Delphi by,
226
,
239
–
40
,
326n23
,
365n43

dancers originally part of Acanthus column dedication,
166
,
299

Daochus of Thessaly,
163
,
166

Dardani,
199

Daux, Georges,
192
–
93
,
275

de Boer, Jelle,
23
,
284

dedications,
53
; as advertisement of dedicators' reputation,
121
–
23
,
127
–
28
,
132
,
137
,
142
,
146
,
174
,
288
; archaic style implemented in,
167
–
68
; armor or shields as,
111
,
112
,
113
; athletic victors honored with,
123
,
188
,
197
,
214
,
238
,
300
; burial of,
44
,
88
–
90
,
89
,
123
,
278
–
79
,
279
,
280
,
297
,
300
,
328n36
,
Plate V
; civic, in sanctuary,
162
; and civic identity of donors,
108
,
111
,
167
,
287
–
88
; and community identity,
120
,
133
,
167
,
177
,
288
,
322n40
,
340
; contemporary studies and records of,
167
; by Delphians for member of their families,
235
–
36
; destruction of,
151
,
154
–
55
; “dying” with dedicators,
146
; as evidence of relationship of communities to Delphi,
49
,
66
–
69
; and favoritism of oracle,
82
–
85
; as historical record,
122
,
133
–
34
,
137
,
146
,
147
,
160
,
167
–
68
; inscriptions and rededication of monuments,
147
; and interaction with sanctuary,
65
–
66
; linked with fate of dedicators,
137
; military victories commemorated with,
16
,
120
–
23
,
127
–
29
,
129
,
133,
137
,
147
,
156
,
160
,
167
,
178
,
190
,
191
,
193
,
210
–
11
,
219
,
238
–
39
,
293
–
95
,
299
–
300
; “monument war” and,
146
–
47
; Nero and removal of,
210
; omens seen at Delphi,
137
,
165
; painted embellishment of,
128
; poets honored with,
197
,
362n15
; as political statements,
333n42
; as propaganda,
189
–
90
,
351n24
; as property of the gods,
105
,
195
; as proxy for political control or preeminence,
129
–
32
; refused by Delphi,
122
,
335n8
; reorganization and repositioning of,
173
; repurposing of,
105
,
131
,
190
,
212
,
239
,
297
; as restitution for transgression,
81
; “spatial monopolization” of sacred site and,
113
,
127
–
28
,
140
–
41
,
146
–
47
; “style” and attributed provenance of,
68
,
86
–
87
,
105
; theft of,
170
–
71
,
195
,
199
; updating of,
172
–
73
,
174
,
178
.
See also
Specific donors or monuments

defense of Delphi: Aetolians and,
170
–
71
,
180
; Amphictyony and,
78
,
150
,
178
; fortress-like walls constructed,
150
,
249
; against the Gauls,
170
–
71
; lack of Delphian army,
161
,
187
,
196
; landscape as natural,
3
; neutrality and shared responsibility for,
72
; Phocians and,
170
–
71
; Sparta and,
131
; supernatural,
116
–
18
,
125
–
26
,
170
; vulnerability and,
70
,
134
,
196

Defradas, Jean,
62

De la Coste-Messeliere, Pierre,
183
,
275
–
76
,
276

Delian league,
122
,
126

Deliyannis, Theodoros,
266
–
67

Delos,
136
; excavation of,
263
; sanctuary of Apollo at,
173

Delphi,
103
,
134
; abandonment of,
249
; archeological evidence of cult practice at,
44
; as the “center of the world,”
30
,
36
,
49
,
86
,
120
,
122
,
315
(
see also
omphalos
); city's role in management of sanctuary,
144
,
159
,
186
–
87
,
238
,
284
,
286
,
288
–
89
,
326n23
,
350n12
,
357n13
; civic government of,
326n23
,
343n48
; civic structures of,
143
; as cosmopolitan community,
104
–
5
,
184
,
209
; as cultural rather than financial power,
206
; decline of,
193
,
200
–
201
,
235
–
36
,
239
–
40
; defense of,
142
–
45
,
166
,
187
,
196
,
199
; disappearance of,
249
; economic dependence on sanctuary,
143
; founding of,
31
–
33
,
38
,
133
–
34
; habitation of,
44
–
45
,
94
;
Homeric Hymn to Apollo
on origin of,
31
–
33
; as information hub,
27
–
28
,
38
,
62
,
218
; internal conflict in,
148
; landscape and setting of,
2
–
4
,
291
; meaning of name,
36
; modern,
3
,
300
–
301
; neutrality or autonomy of,
65
,
135
–
36
,
186
–
87
,
188
,
215
,
235
,
286
–
87
; oracle at (
see
Pythia
); as “Panhellenic,”
65
; and political rivalry between Athens and Sparta,
111
,
134
–
35
; political value of,
201
–
2
; population of,
142
–
43
,
208
,
249
; relationship with Amphictyony,
159
,
186
–
87
; Rome and,
184
,
200
,
235
–
36
,
286
–
87
; sacked by northern tribes,
199
; strategic value of,
75
,
134
; territorial boundaries of,
186

Delphiens,
263

Delphus,
35
–
36

Demangel, Robert,
275

Demaratus of Sparta,
109
,
111
–
12

Demeter: First Fruits dedication at sanctuary of Eleusis,
133
; sanctuaries dedicated to,
77
–
78
,
151
–
52
,
159
,
174

Demetrius, war of,
178

Demetrius Poliorcetes,
168

demigods, Delphi as worship site for,
103
–
4
democracy,
98
,
109
,
133

Demonax of Mantinea,
97

Demosthenes,
155
,
160
–
61

Dempsey, T.,
23

Déroche, Vincent,
247

Description of Greece
(Pausanias),
233
–
34
,
254

Dio Chrysostom,
214

Diodorus Siculus,
13
,
72
,
131
–
32
,
151
,
154
,
170
–
71

Dionysius of Syracuse,
144
–
45

Dionysus: Delphi as cult site,
13
,
18
,
35
,
36
,
86
,
104
,
152
–
53
,
197
,
220
–
21
,
313n43
,
315n14
,
317n34
,
318n57
,
329n47
; Dionysiac guild of Athens,
194
; sanctuary at Thebes,
178
; sculpture on Temple of Apollo pediment,
153
,
153
–
54
; Thyades celebration in Parnassian mountains,
152
,
220
–
21