Dark Invasion: 1915: Germany's Secret War and the Hunt for the First Terrorist Cell in America (38 page)

Zimmermann telegram, 416,
416,
417,
417

germ warfare.
See
biological weapons

Gibbons (E. V.), Inc., 175–77, 180, 182, 183, 211–17, 222

glanders cultures, 267, 269–72, 353, 357, 376, 381–82, 404, 406

Glen Cove, Long Island, 286–90, 294–304, 306–8,
311,
330

gold, 137

Gompers, Samuel, 219, 222

Good Faith, 99

Gould, Nathan, 238–39

Grand Central Palace, New York, 250

Grand Central Terminal, New York, 250

Grant, John, 404–6

Great Britain, 31, 94, 95, 102–5, 179, 332, 388

Atlantic blockade, 40, 80, 121, 125, 274, 338–39, 359

code breaking, 104–8

horses, 268–69

navy, 40, 59–60, 76, 78, 269

rule over Ireland, 75

spy network in America, 102–8, 210, 226–28, 243–44, 331, 389, 416–17

U.S. loans and arms shipments to, 40, 111, 133–40, 183–84, 187–90, 257, 260, 262, 274, 384

World War I, 31, 39, 40, 48, 50, 59, 75–76, 80, 86, 102–5, 133–40, 143–44, 171, 219, 227, 257, 260, 268, 415

Griffith, D. W., 206

Groton School, 25, 108, 113, 196

Hahn’s, New York, 361–62, 364

Hamburg-American Building, New York, 72

Hamburg-American Line, 92–94, 125, 162, 233, 340, 370, 372,
373

Hansa Haus, Baltimore, 383

Harvard Club, 24, 322, 323, 324, 416

Harvard University, 3–7, 8, 11, 25, 149, 238, 274, 321

Havana, 228, 373, 380

Heidelberg, 352, 355, 410

Heinrich, Prince of Germany, 143

Held, Martha, 82, 87, 95, 233, 265, 411

Helfferich, Karl, 145

Hennington Court, 122

Herodotus, 267

heroin, 92

Hilken, Paul, 233, 378–79,
379,
380, 382, 409–10, 412

Black Tom plot and, 411–12

Hine, F. Worthington, 306–7

Hinsch, Frederick, 377–78,
378,
380–84, 406, 410, 411

Hitler, Adolf, 74

Hittites, 267

Hoboken, New Jersey,
76,
163, 181, 359–65,
373

Scheele’s laboratory in, 179–82, 362–64, 373

waterfront investigation, 359–76

Hofbrau House, New York, 232–33, 265–66

Holland, 89, 375

Holt, Frank.
See
Muenter, Erich

Holt, Leona, 150–51, 237, 238, 273, 274

horses, 267

germ warfare on, 267–71, 382–84, 389, 405–6, 409

World War I, 267–71

Hotel Breslin, New York, 199–200,
200,
201, 203, 205

Houghton, W. H., 340–41

House, Edward, 338, 346, 348, 385, 387, 390

Hudson River, 91–92, 191,
197, 205,
232, 411.
See also
New York Harbor

Huerta, Victoriano, 225–26,
226,
227–29, 244, 389, 417

death of, 229

Hults, William, 325

Hurley, Patrick, 317–18

Ignatieff, Count Nicolai, 211–13

Inchmoor, 369

influenza, 410

International Union of Structural Workers, 222

Ireland, 18, 31, 75, 195, 337

British rule, 75

Irish-Americans, 18, 25, 75, 171, 232, 345

stevedores, 171, 183, 184, 196–97,
197

Italian-Americans, 20–27, 43–44

Italian Squad, 21

Italy, 21, 89, 415

James, William, 4

James River, 404–6

Japan, 417

Jersey City, New Jersey, 94, 231–32, 284–85

Black Tom plot, 231–32, 411–12,
413

Jones, Frank, 293

Jones, Walker, 327

Junker class, 34, 49, 125, 141

Jusserand, Jean-Jules, 185

Kaiserpass, 146, 173, 213

Kaiser’s Own, 92.
See also
Hamburg-American Line

Kansas City, 129

Keechan, Joseph, 285

Keystone National Powder Company, 306, 311

Kienzle, Herbert, 200–201, 247, 249, 258

Kienzle Clock Company, 247, 249

Kirkoswald,
185, 186, 187, 256, 261, 365, 369, 373

Kleines Deutschland, 75

Knutford, SS, 94

Koch, Robert, 355

Koenig, Paul (PK), 92–93,
93,
94–95, 125–32, 161, 209–10, 229, 234, 282, 391–402, 409

arrest and interrogation of, 391–97

background of, 92–93

“D-cases” of, 394–96, 399

Fuchs and, 157–65

German sabotage operations in U.S., 93–95, 125–32, 140, 155–65, 175, 185, 209–10, 229, 282, 391–402

investigation of, 125–33, 155–65, 185, 391–402

notebooks of, 393–94,
395,
396–402

telephone tapped, 130–32

as “Woehler,” 400–401

König, Paul, 379

Königsberg, 36

Kramer, Matthew, 288–89

Kremb, Arthur, 13

Kristianiafjord, 146–47, 167, 410

Labor’s National Peace Council, 221–23

labor strikes, 219–23

labor unions, 21, 219–23

National Peace, 221–23

Ladenburg, Thalmann & Company, 143

Lake Erie, 80, 162

Lake Ontario, 80, 163

Lamar, David, 220,
220,
221–22

Lansing, Robert, 137, 262, 344, 346, 390, 391

laws, anti-espionage, 228

lead cigar device.
See
cigar bombs

lead tubing, 182, 187

Lenin, Nikolai, 225

Leyendecker, Richard, 163

liquid chlorine, 345

Liverpool, 95, 144, 184

Lloyd George, David, 136

London, 32, 48, 105, 136, 143, 144, 227, 388

London Sphere, 338

Long, A. E., 10

Long Island, New York, 285–90, 240–304, 306–8, 317–21

Long Island City, New York, 45, 53, 188

sugar refineries in, 188–90

Long Island Rail Road, 294

Long Island Sound, 286

Lord Erne, 122

Los Angeles, 21

Los Angeles Times,
21

Luchow’s, New York, 128

Lusitania, sinking of, 337–38, 338, 339–40, 389, 415

Luxembourg, 48, 49

Madison Square Garden, New York, 281

Madrid, 79, 410

Maine, 343

Manhattan Front, 147, 153–239

Black Tom plot, 231–32, 411–12,
413,
415

cigar bombs, 176–98, 215–16, 232–33, 261, 362–76, 380, 383, 402–3

E. V. Gibbons cover, 175–77, 180, 182, 182, 211–17, 222

National Peace Union and, 221–23

recruits, 179–81

rudder bombs, 233–34, 247–59,
259,
260–63

Russian munitions scheme, 211–17

shipboard fires and munitions plant explosions, 183–98, 215–16, 232–34

TNT sales to, 198–208, 247–63

von Rintelen operations, 147, 167–98, 209–35, 243–46, 265–66, 330–33, 359–91

Marne, Battle of the, 77–78

Marseille, 185, 187, 369

Martyn, Robert, 198, 199

Matinicock Point, 286–90, 294–304

Matzet, Mike, 193

McAdoo, William, 339, 343, 344–46

McCabe, Rosalie, 299, 301

McCahill, Frank,
303,
307–9, 312–14, 318, 321

Menagh, John, 284–85

meningitis, 267

Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Company, 130

Metzler, Fred, 163

Mexico, 64–65, 73, 79–80, 99, 137, 143, 149, 225–29, 389, 416–17

Huerta affair, 225–29, 389, 417

Zimmermann telegram, 416–17

Mexico City, 79

Mexico North-Western Railway Company, 217

Middle East, 104

Military Intelligence Division (MID), 110–11, 421

Miliukov, Prince, 217

Mills Hotel No. 3, New York, 89–90, 282, 283, 285, 288, 313

Milwaukee, 75

Minnehaha bombing, 330–31, 402

Mitchel, John Purroy,
20,
115

Morgan, Frances, 300

Morgan, Henry, 300

Morgan, J. P., 80, 111, 135, 136

Morgan, J. P., Jr. (“Jack”),
134,
135–40, 215, 219, 221, 280, 330

assassination attempt on, 286–90, 294–314,
315,
317–31, 374–75, 389, 402

wartime loans to Allies, 136–40, 215

Morgan, Jane, 287, 300, 301

Morgan, Junius, 287, 289

Morgan (J. P.) & Company, 135–40, 302

wartime loans to Allies, 136–40, 215

Mottola, Otto, 209

M16, 105, 113

Muenter, Erich (aka Frank Holt), 3–7,
7,
8–11, 51, 63–65, 149–51, 237–39, 279–331

Abteilung IIIB network in New York approached by, 279–80

arrest of, 303,
303
, 304, 311

assassination attempt on J. P. Morgan, Jr., 286–90, 294–314,
315,
317–31, 374–75, 389, 402

bombing of U.S. Capitol, 291–94,
294,
295, 305–6, 309–14, 318–19, 323, 327–28, 402, 421

at Cornell, 151, 237, 238, 273, 284

death of, 324, 325–30, 374, 402

German sabotage operations in U.S., 279–331

gun and dynamite purchases, 284–86, 288, 294, 298, 301, 308–9, 318–24,
324,
328

as “Henderson,” 319, 321–22

interrogation of, 306–9, 311–14, 318–22

investigation of, 282–331

in Mineola jail, 317–29

murder of his wife, 11, 63–64, 317–18

Pearce letter, 292, 295, 309–10, 314

real identity discovered, 317–21

reinvented as Frank Holt, 64–65, 149–51, 237–39, 273–75

returns to New York, 274–75

-von Rintelen connection, 279–80, 402

Muenter, Helen, 8, 9, 11

Muenter, Leona, 8–11, 63–64, 317, 318

Muenter, Mary, 9, 11

munitions plant explosions and shipboard fires, 91–95, 100–102, 121–23, 179, 183–98, 215–16, 232–34, 244, 260–63, 330–31, 402, 411–13, 421.
See also specific munitions plants and ships

Munsterberg, Hugo, 4–7, 8, 273

The War and America, 273–74

Murphy, Jerome, 16

mustard gas, 267

National German-American Alliance, 74–75

National Peace Union, 221–23

Nauen, 103

naval equipment, 38

Neckar, 378, 380

neutrality, 40, 51–52, 76, 80, 105, 111–12, 134–39, 219, 280, 327, 339

Neutrality and Trade in Contraband, 134

New Jersey, 94, 177, 179–81, 199, 205, 247–54, 409

Black Tom plot and explosion, 231–32, 411–12,
413,
415

gun and dynamite sales to Muenter, 284–86, 288, 294, 298, 301, 308–9, 318–24, 328

Hoboken investigation, 359–76

shipboard fires and munitions plant explosions, 94, 100, 231–32, 363–64, 411–12,
413

TNT sales and storage, 199–208, 247–63

waterfront,
76,
192, 231–32, 359–65

New Jersey Agricultural Chemical Company, 176

New Mexico, 417

New Orleans, 233

Newport, Rhode Island, 29, 30

Newport News, Virginia, 384, 404

Newton, Harry, 281–82

New York City, 15–27, 70, 75, 86, 115,
122,
143,
205

Abteilung IIIB base in, 70–78, 82, 87, 93

Brescia Circle bombings, 15–17, 23–27, 43–45, 53–58, 60–61, 101, 116, 118, 186

German, 70, 87, 128, 168, 265, 281

germ warfare threat, 385–87, 403–4

passport forgery scheme, 88–90, 91, 112, 283

pro-German rallies, 281

subways, 385–86,
386,
387

Tammany Hall, 18

telephone tapping, 129–31

waterfront,
see
New York Harbor

New York Evening Telegram, 344

New York Harbor, 32, 60, 70, 91–94, 100, 121–22,
122,
123, 145, 146–47,
205,
215, 352

Bomb and Neutrality Squad investigation, 121–23, 171–210, 228, 243–63, 279–333, 339, 359–76, 391–412

German ships interned in, 76–77, 81, 171, 180–83, 259–60

labor unions and strikes, 219–23

longshoremen, 92–95

maps, 256

shipboard fires and munitions plant explosions, 91–95, 100–102, 121–23, 179, 183–98, 215–16, 232–34, 244, 260–63, 331, 402, 411–13, 421

stevedores, 94, 171, 183, 184, 196–97,
197

surveillance of lighter captains, 190–98, 363

von Rintelen operation, 171–78, 209–35, 243–46, 265–66, 330–33, 359–84

wartime, 121–23

waterfront society, 92, 122

New York Herald, 338

New York Police Bomb and Neutrality Squad, 15–17, 114–23, 420

biological weapons investigation, 375–76, 386–88, 391, 396–97, 407, 409–11

Brescia Circle case, 25–27, 43–45, 53–58, 60–61,
61,
101, 116, 118, 186

cigar bomb investigation, 185–98, 261, 362–76

Fay investigation, 201–8, 243, 247–63

German-speaking team, 116–19

German spy network investigation, 113–23, 125–33, 155–65, 171–210, 222, 243–63, 279–333, 339, 359–76, 391–412, 420–21

Hoboken investigation, 359–76

Koenig investigation, 125–33, 155–65, 185, 391–402

Muenter (Holt) investigation, 282–331

recruits, 21, 43–45, 114, 115–19

surveillance of lighter captains, 190–98, 363

von Kleist investigation, 362–76

von Rintelen investigation, 209–10, 228, 234–35, 243–46, 279, 330–33, 359–76

See also specific detectives, bombings, and operations

New York Police Department, 15–22, 262

bomb squad,
see
New York Police Bomb and Neutrality Squad

Centre Street headquarters, 44,
44,
97–98

Detective Bureau, 19–20

Police Field Day, 60

“shoo-fly” squad, 19

training academy, 100, 115, 116, 117

New York Times,
5, 19, 63, 217, 219, 223, 327–28, 417, 420

New York Tribune
, front page of, 315

New York World
, 346

New York Yacht Club, 143, 172, 210, 229, 235, 244,
245,
246, 263, 331

Niagara Falls, New York, 83, 161, 163

Nicolai, Walter, 36–41, 50, 59, 78, 79, 81, 85, 86, 139, 141, 144–46, 167, 233, 269, 272, 353, 356, 410