Dark Forces: The Truth About What Happened in Benghazi (51 page)

See also specific person, location, agency or nation

Libya Herald,
113, 218–19

Libya Shield Brigade, 276–77

Libyan Islamic Movement for Change.
See
LIFG

Libyan National Congress, 259, 276

Qaddafi address to, 31–34

LIFG (Libyan Islamic Fighting Group)

Abu Selim prison massacre of members of, 121

al Qaeda and, 43–44, 87, 241

Allen-Kusa discussions and, 21

and Belhaj’s justification of Benghazi attack, 346

designated as terrorist organization, 19

disbanding of, 122

founding of, 19, 183, 195, 352

Iran and, 241

as Libyan Islamic Movement for Change, 122

Libyan rebels relationship with, 121

and missing MANPADS, 146

as prisoners of war, 79, 80

purpose of, 19

Qaddafi Foundation negotiations with, 80

Qaddafi overthrow and, 19, 49–50, 79, 80, 87, 122

and Qaddafi release of prisoners, 79

and Qatar as arms pipeline, 111

Stevens and, 43, 47, 118

TNC and, 122

and White House report to Congress, 117

and Younis murder, 120, 121

See also specific person

Lizza, Ryan, 83

Lockerbie, Scotland, Pan Am 103 and, 17, 20–21, 22, 25, 28, 31, 35, 84–85

London
Daily Telegraph,
121, 149, 350

London, England, attacks on subways in, 127

London
Observer,
19

Lone Survivor
(Luttrell), 53

Losey, Brian, 164, 315

Lowry, Rich, 346

Lummis, Cynthia, 351, 356

Luttrell, Marcus, 53

Maasam, Abu (aka Yehya Jassem al-Dandashi), 179

Ma’atouq, Ma’atouq Mohamed, 25, 27, 36

Magariaf, Mohamed, 217, 299, 330, 334, 347–48

Maguire, John, 123, 183–84, 185–86, 231, 261, 262, 331

Makarov, Nikolai, 359

Malaki, Nouri al-, 66

Malaysia, 244, 350

Mali, 89, 115, 171, 184, 201, 254, 350, 361

Malki, Ahmed al-, 113

Mandela, Nelson, 369

MANPADS (man-portable air-defense systems)

in Afghanistan, 51, 52–53, 98, 136–37, 145, 167, 168, 225

and aftermath of Benghazi attacks, 357–62

Al Entisar
shipments and, 260, 261

al Qaeda and, 145, 171, 184–85, 186, 360

amount of Qaddafi’s, 166

batteries in, 184, 247, 361

Belhaj and, 183, 184

Bush and, 102

CIA and, 51, 184, 185–86, 247, 361

and cover-up, 345

Defense Department and, 51

Egyptian retrofit of, 184, 247, 361

Letfallah II
affair and, 178, 180

missing/leaking, 2–3, 4, 89, 93, 102–3, 142–46, 165–69, 171, 173, 182–83, 191, 213, 261, 262–63, 264, 270, 275, 276, 344, 357–62

Muslim Brotherhood and, 142

and NSS activities, 172, 173

Qatar and, 173, 225

sales to Libyan rebels of, 98

Shapiro comments about, 165

in Sinai shipments, 182

State Department and, 172

Stevens knowledge/concerns about, 213, 262–63, 275, 276

Syria and, 260, 261–62, 270, 359

Taliban and, 51, 52, 53, 145, 225

and White House report to Congress, 117

Mansouri, Hani al-, 201

Mansuri, Houri al-, 49, 50

Marines, U.S., 103, 249, 282, 289, 314, 325

Mark G., 269, 302, 330

Martinec, John, 202, 214, 219, 235, 264–65, 269, 298, 321–22, 323, 325–26

Marziali, Dominique, 108

Marziali, Pierre, 108–9

Matthis, James, 281

Mavi Marmara
(Turkish ferry), 244, 274
n

Maxwell, Kevin, 368

McCain, John, 121, 146, 217–20

McCarthy, Andrew C., 54, 88

McCaul, Mike, 251–52

McConnell, Mitch, 210

McDonough, Denis, 55, 199, 200, 342

McFarland, David, 266, 268, 276, 277, 285, 289, 321–22

McFarlane, Bud, 235

McRaven, William, 137–38, 187

Meehan, Bernadette, 232, 234, 235

Meet the Press
(NBC-TV), 347–48

Megrahi, Abdulbasset, 84–85

MI6, 20

Middle East

and shift in U.S. foreign policy, 54, 55, 58

See also specific nation

Miller, Judith, 27

Mills, Cheryl, 321–22, 369

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Libyan, 4, 283, 284, 299

Mir-Hejaz, Sadeq, 64–65

Mismari, Nouri al-, 34

Mission, Benghazi Special

Ansar al-Sharia role in attacks on, 121, 162, 170, 323, 336, 351

AQIM role in attacks on, 170

and Asquith incident, 205

breakout of, 318–20

British security team at, 287

Cairo demonstrations and, 288–90

cause of attack on, 202

cellphone video of, 326–27

Clinton’s stand-down orders concerning, 314–17

and collection of MANPADS, 103

confining of diplomats to quarters in, 154–55

description of, 292–93

downsizing of, 151–53

drone over, 309, 310, 311, 319, 320

early attacks/bombing at, 159, 195–96, 201–2, 215

and elections in Libya, 197

evacuation of, 322–26

fire at, 297, 303–5

hazardous duty pay for personnel at, 223

incoming help for, 328–32

initial attack on, 5, 298–99

Inman standards for, 104, 264

as Iranian state-sponsored terrorist attack, 6

Iranian gambit and, 227–31

Khattala and, 121

Libyans working at, 161

and maximum security alert in Benghazi, 266

as official U.S. consulate, 263–64

plans for defense of, 266–70

purpose of, 151

Quds Force surveillance of, 270, 270
n

reconnaissance at, 282–88

rescue efforts at, 301–3, 305–9

security at, 5, 103–4, 107, 151–54, 158, 159, 162, 190, 195–96, 215, 222, 226, 248–53, 256, 267–68, 270, 283–84, 369

security survey of, 248

TOC of, 292–97, 298, 301–2, 305, 307

warnings about possible attack on, 4–5, 280–82

White House meeting about, 309–14

See also
Benghazi attacks;
specific person

Mobile Security Detachments (MSD), 154, 162, 193, 193
n,
197, 221, 304

Mogahed, Dalia, 68

Mokhtar, Mokhtar bel, 350

Montoyo, Mario, 102

Morell, Michael, 314, 341, 342, 343, 344

Moretti, John, 197

Morsi, Mohamed, 10, 198, 281, 282, 349, 351, 354–57, 360

Mousavi, Mir Hossein, 58–59, 61–62

Moussa, Ahmed, 357

Mubarak, Hosni, 8, 56–57, 72–73, 74, 75, 79, 86, 181, 182

Mugabe, Robert, 22

Mugniyeh, Imad, 294

Muhammad, cartoons of, 77

Mukhtar, Omar al-, 85

Mullen, Michael, 152, 153, 255–56, 282, 312, 326, 357–58, 368–69

Murphy, Jack, 107, 186–87, 188, 307, 328

Murphy, Richard, 94

Muslim Brotherhood

and aftermath of Benghazi attacks, 349, 354–57

and
Al Entisar
affair, 258

al Qaeda and, 75, 128

Ansar al-Sharia and, 202

Belhaj and, 122, 123

Benghazi and, 78

Blind Sheikh and, 198

Clapper’s views about, 126–27

Clinton and, 200

in Egypt, 8, 57, 75, 126, 142, 202, 282, 354–57

and elections in Libya, 219–20

Feinstein’s concerns about, 367

fund-raising by, 56

and good and bad Islamists, 126–27, 128

Libya and, 78, 85, 109, 117, 126, 259, 277

MANPADS and, 142

McCain and, 217

motto of, 126

Obama and, 55, 68, 73, 129, 200

Palestinian branch of, 181

Patterson and, 282

and shift in U.S. foreign policy, 8, 55

and Sinai arms movements, 181–82

Stevens and, 278, 286

in Syria, 8, 245

Tunisia and, 8, 126

in U.S., 56

and White House report to Congress, 117

Younis murder and, 123

MVM (security firm)

Nahas, Ibraheem al-, 241

Nakoula, Nakoula Basseley, 346

Nasr, Vali, 64

National Defense University, Bush (George W.) speech at, 26

National Economic Council, 171

National Front for the Salvation of Libya, 79

National Military Command Center, 310

National Oil Company, 151

National Public Radio, 146

National Review,
88, 346

National Security Act (1947), 9, 171, 172

National Security Agency (NSA), 16, 103, 208, 226–31

National Security Council (NSC), 9, 147, 171–72, 204

National Security Staff (NSS), 16, 103, 169–73, 192, 200, 208, 226–31, 247, 341

National Security Subcommittee, 133

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Afghan War and, 52, 53, 135, 136

Libya and, 14–15, 81, 82, 83, 86, 101, 111, 112, 115, 116, 141, 146–47, 167, 273, 312

and Qaddafi’s exclusion zone, 14–15

and Qatar as arms pipeline, 111, 112

and radical Islamists, 146–47

Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU).
See
Navy SEALs: Team 6 of

Navy SEALs

attempted rescue of Stevens by, 47

Biden leaks about, 47, 130–31, 138

Panetta leaks about, 47, 131, 138

and shooting down of heliocopters in Afghanistan, 253

Team 6 of, 1, 47, 53, 130–40, 167, 187, 238

Navy, U.S., 132

NBC News, 247

Negroponte, John, 262

Netanyahu, Benjamin, 64, 313

New York Times,
108–9, 110, 212, 246–47, 361, 362, 370

New York Times Magazine,
344

New Yorker
magazine, 83

Newsweek
magazine, 63–64

Niger, 115–16, 182, 183–84, 185–86, 247, 254

Nigeria, 115, 163, 167, 361

Non-Aligned Summit (Tehran, 2011), 355

Nordstrom, Eric A., 153, 154–55, 156–57, 158, 161, 162, 190–91, 193, 200, 202, 219, 221, 222, 264

North, Oliver, 234, 235

Nour Eldin, Hani, 198–99

Nuland, Victoria, 199, 336, 341, 359

Nusra, Jabhat al-, 261

Oak Ridge, Tennessee, nuclear program at, 39

Obama, Barack

Afghanistan and, 51, 54, 136, 138, 139–40, 174

al-Arabiya (Dubai TV) interview of, 54

al Qaeda/bin Laden and, 148, 167, 170, 171, 238, 311, 350

and anniversary of 9/11, 279, 280

Arab Spring and, 70, 72–73

and attacks on Christians, 67–68, 70

and Benghazi attacks, 310–11, 313

Brennan’s “secret war” and, 187

Cairo University speech of, 55–57, 58, 73

Congress’ relations with, 99

and congressional investigation of security in Libya, 151

and cover-up, 1, 9, 212, 284, 288, 333–35, 336, 337, 338–39, 344–45, 365

and democracy in Libya, 220

Egypt and, 55–57, 58, 72–73, 181, 289, 354, 360

elections of 2008 and, 63, 83, 84, 232

elections of 2012 and, 131, 147, 189, 212, 233, 239, 288, 338, 345, 362–63, 364, 365, 367

first presidential foreign trip (2009) of, 54–55

Iran and, 8, 62–65, 232–35, 362–63

Iraq War and, 54, 138, 174

Islamists and, 54, 73, 86, 101, 124, 125, 129, 345

Jarrett and, 231–33, 362–63

and missing missiles, 171

Moussa comments about, 357

Muslim Brotherhood and, 55, 68, 73, 129, 200

and “normalization” of Libya, 174

and Nour Eldin visit to White House, 198–99

“October surprise” of, 362–63

and overthrow of Qaddafi, 13, 36, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 96, 147, 170

Panetta-Dempsey meetings with, 310–11, 313

presidential findings and, 95, 96, 97, 213

and Qatar as arms pipeline, 95, 96, 97, 98–99, 110–11

SEAL Team 6 in Afghanistan and, 137–38, 139

shift in U.S. foreign policy and, 7–8, 54–55, 57, 58, 63–64, 73

and suspects in Benghazi attacks, 353

and Syrian aid, 7, 209, 212–13

War Powers Act and, 116–18

and warnings about security in Libya, 202

Wiktorowicz and, 127

Obama Doctrine, 83

Obeidi, Fathi al-, 283–84, 286, 325, 328

Obeidi, Mohammad, 283

Objective LEFTY GROVE, 132

Objective Massey, 47, 48

O’Brien, Mike, 22

Office of Foreign Assets Control, U.S. Treasury, 29

Oil-for-Food scandal, 174

Olive Group, 107

Oliveira, David, 196

Olson, Eric, 112–13

Omar, Mullah, 124, 188

Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act (1986, 1999), 152

Omnipol, 18

Operation El Dorado Canyon, 16–17

Operation Epervier (Sparrowhawk), 90, 91

Operation Neptune Spear, leaks about, 130

Operation Odyssey Dawn, 82

Operation Prairie Fire, 14–15

Operational Coordination Group (OCG), 135–36

Organization of 15 May, 18

Our Lady of Salvation Church (Baghdad), attack on, 65–67

Overseas Security Policy Board (OSPB), 152

Oversight and Government Reform Committee, House, 133, 196–97, 222, 263, 306, 320–21, 326, 336, 342–43, 351, 357–58

Owen, David, 81

Pakistan, 8, 19, 87, 163, 186, 196, 345, 346, 351

Palestine, 50, 271

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 32, 240

Palestinian Authority, 42

Palestinian Islamic Jihad, 359

Pan Am Flight 103, 17, 18, 20–21, 22, 25, 28, 31, 35, 84–85

Panetta, Leon, 47, 93, 131, 138, 212, 216, 298, 310–14, 318, 325, 326

Patterson, Anne, 282, 289, 354, 357

Paul, Rand, 13, 274–75

Peace Corps, 41

Pelosi, Nancy, 210–11

Pentagon Papers, 11

Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House, 96–97, 210, 340

Peterson, Pete, 15

Petraeus, David, 2–3, 185, 208, 212, 240–41, 260–61, 263, 314, 340, 341, 364–65

Philippines, 163

Pickens, Amber, 323–24

Pickering, Thomas, 255, 262, 351, 356, 368–69

Pillar, Paul, 240