Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (555 page)

General term referring to an artefact, usually of stone, bone, or wood, which served as the tip for a spear or arrow.

 
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A type of dotted decoration applied to metalwork with a small pointed punch.

 
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Form of spatial analysis in which a recorded distribution of points is compared with a random distribution, deviations from randomness being used to suggest concentrations and trends.

 
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Middle Woodland hunter-gatherer communities of the northwest area of North America during the first millennium
ad
. The population had a low density and lived in small mobile bands, each with its own territory. They exploited game, aquatic resources, and wild plant foods. Some may have cultivated native plants such as maize. In summer they would join together into larger groups at fishing stations and beside lakes or rivers for weddings, trading, ceremonies, and the burial of important individuals.

 
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Polanyi , Karl
(1886–1964)
[Bi].

An Austrian economist and historian who fled the Nazis, first to England and then America. In 1944 he published
The great transformation
which dealt with 19th-century history and led to research on pre-industrial economics. Along with a number of colleagues he published
Trade and market in the early empires
in 1957 which included case studies from the Assyrian and Babylonian empires as well as 19th-century Africa and India. These provide valuable insights that have been drawn upon by archaeologists studying prehistoric trade and exchange systems.
[Bio.: S. C. Humphreys , 1969,
History, economics and anthropology: the work of Karl Polanyi
. Middletown, CONN: Wesleyan University Press]

 
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Scottish equivalent of the
WILBURTON–WALLINGTON
industrial phase of the British Bronze Age.

 
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