Complete Works of Lewis Carroll (170 page)

  7.
All
d
′
are
l
;

  8.
No
h
are
m
′
.

          30.

  1.
All
n
are
m
;

  2.
All
a
′
are
e
;

  3.
No
c
′
are
l
;

  4.
All
k
are
r
′
;

  5.
No
a
are
h
′
;

  6.
No
d
are
l
′
;

  7.
No
c
are
n
′
;

  8.
All
e
are
b
;

  9.
All
m
are
r
;

10.
All
h
are
d
.

[N.B.
In each Example, in Sections 8 and 9, it is possible to begin with
any
Premiss, at pleasure, and thus to get as many different Solutions (all of course yielding the
same
Complete Conclusion) as there are Premisses in the Example.
Hence § 8 really contains 129 different Examples, and § 9 contains 273.]

EX9§ 9.

Sets of Concrete Propositions, proposed as Premisses for Soriteses: Conclusions to be found.

  1.

  (1) Babies are illogical;

  (2) Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile;

  (3) Illogical persons are despised.

Univ.
“persons”;
a
 = able to manage a crocodile;
b
 = babies;
c
 = despised;
d
 = logical.

  2.

  (1) My saucepans are the only things I have that are made of tin;

  (2) I find all
your
presents very useful;

  (3) None of my saucepans are of the slightest use.

Univ.
“things of mine”;
a
 = made of tin;
b
 = my saucepans;
c
 = useful;
d
 = your presents.

  3.

  (1) No potatoes of mine, that are new, have been boiled;

  (2) All my potatoes in this dish are fit to eat;

  (3) No unboiled potatoes of mine are fit to eat.

Univ.
“my potatoes”;
a
 = boiled;
b
 = eatable;
c
 = in this dish;
d
 = new.

  4.

  (1) There are no Jews in the kitchen;

  (2) No Gentiles say “shpoonj”;

  (3) My servants are all in the kitchen.

Univ.
“persons”;
a
 = in the kitchen;
b
 = Jews;
c
 = my servants;
d
 = saying “shpoonj.”

  5.

  (1) No ducks waltz;

  (2) No officers ever decline to waltz;

  (3) All my poultry are ducks.

Univ.
“creatures”;
a
 = ducks;
b
 = my poultry;
c
 = officers;
d
 = willing to waltz.

  6.

  (1) Every one who is sane can do Logic;

  (2) No lunatics are fit to serve on a jury;

  (3) None of
your
sons can do Logic.

Univ.
“persons”;
a
 = able to do Logic;
b
 = fit to serve on a jury;
c
 = sane;
d
 = your sons.

  7.

  (1) There are no pencils of mine in this box;

  (2) No sugar-plums of mine are cigars;

  (3) The whole of my property, that is not in this box, consists of cigars.

Univ.
“things of mine”;
a
 = cigars;
b
 = in this box;
c
 = pencils;
d
 = sugar-plums.

  8.

  (1) No experienced person is incompetent;

  (2) Jenkins is always blundering;

  (3) No competent person is always blundering.

Univ.
“persons”;
a
 = always blundering;
b
 = competent;
c
 = experienced;
d
 = Jenkins.

  9.

  (1) No terriers wander among the signs of the zodiac;

  (2) Nothing, that does not wander among the signs of the zodiac, is a comet;

  (3) Nothing but a terrier has a curly tail.

Univ.
“things”;
a
 = comets;
b
 = curly-tailed;
c
 = terriers;
d
 = wandering among the signs of the zodiac.

10.

  (1) No one takes in the
Times
, unless he is well-educated;

  (2) No hedge-hogs can read;

  (3) Those who cannot read are not well-educated.

Univ.
“creatures”;
a
 = able to read;
b
 = hedge-hogs;
c
 = taking in the Times;
d
 = well-educated.

11.

  (1) All puddings are nice;

  (2) This dish is a pudding;

  (3) No nice things are wholesome.

Univ.
“things”;
a
 = nice;
b
 = puddings;
c
 = this dish;
d
 = wholesome.

12.

  (1) My gardener is well worth listening to on military subjects;

  (2) No one can remember the battle of Waterloo, unless he is very old;

  (3) Nobody is really worth listening to on military subjects, unless he can remember the battle of Waterloo.

Univ.
“persons”;
a
 = able to remember the battle of Waterloo;
b
 = my gardener;
c
 = well worth listening to on military subjects;
d
 = very old.

13.

  (1) All humming-birds are richly coloured;

  (2) No large birds live on honey;

  (3) Birds that do not live on honey are dull in colour.

Univ.
“birds”;
a
 = humming-birds;
b
 = large;
c
 = living on honey;
d
 = richly coloured.

14.

  (1) No Gentiles have hooked noses;

  (2) A man who is a good hand at a bargain always makes money;

  (3) No Jew is ever a bad hand at a bargain.

Univ.
“persons”;
a
 = good hands at a bargain;
b
 = hook-nosed;
c
 = Jews;
d
 = making money.

15.

  (1) All ducks in this village, that are branded ‘B,’ belong to Mrs.
Bond;

  (2) Ducks in this village never wear lace collars, unless they are branded ‘B’;

  (3) Mrs.
Bond has no gray ducks in this village.

Univ.
“ducks in this village”;
a
 = belonging to Mrs.
Bond;
b
 = branded ‘B’;
c
 = gray;
d
 = wearing lace-collars.

16.

  (1) All the old articles in this cupboard are cracked;

  (2) No jug in this cupboard is new;

  (3) Nothing in this cupboard, that is cracked, will hold water.

Univ.
“things in this cupboard”;
a
 = able to hold water;
b
 = cracked;
c
 = jugs;
d
 = old.

17.

  (1) All unripe fruit is unwholesome;

  (2) All these apples are wholesome;

  (3) No fruit, grown in the shade, is ripe.

Univ.
“fruit”;
a
 = grown in the shade;
b
 = ripe;
c
 = these apples;
d
 = wholesome.

18.

  (1) Puppies, that will not lie still, are always grateful for the loan of a skipping-rope;

  (2) A lame puppy would not say “thank you” if you offered to lend it a skipping-rope.

  (3) None but lame puppies ever care to do worsted-work.

Univ.
“puppies”;
a
 = caring to do worsted-work;
b
 = grateful for the loan of a skipping-rope;
c
 = lame;
d
 = willing to lie still.

19.

  (1) No name in this list is unsuitable for the hero of a romance;

  (2) Names beginning with a vowel are always melodious;

  (3) No name is suitable for the hero of a romance, if it begins with a consonant.

Univ.
“names”;
a
 = beginning with a vowel;
b
 = in this list;
c
 = melodious;
d
 = suitable for the hero of a romance.

20.

  (1) All members of the House of Commons have perfect self-command;

  (2) No M.P., who wears a coronet, should ride in a donkey-race;

  (3) All members of the House of Lords wear coronets.

Univ.
“M.P.’s”;
a
 = belonging to the House of Commons;
b
 = having perfect self-command;
c
 = one who may ride in a donkey-race;
d
 = wearing a coronet.

21.

  (1) No goods in this shop, that have been bought and paid for, are still on sale;

  (2) None of the goods may be carried away, unless labeled “sold”;

  (3) None of the goods are labeled “sold,” unless they have been bought and paid for.

Univ.
“goods in this shop”;
a
 = allowed to be carried away;
b
 = bought and paid for;
c
 = labeled “sold”;
d
 = on sale.

22.

  (1) No acrobatic feats, that are not announced in the bills of a circus, are ever attempted there;