Colour Bar (58 page)

36.
HCO to CRO, 9 August 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.

37.
Report by Clark to CRO, 19 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4132.

38.
Photograph and report,
Rand Daily Mail
, 18 August 1950.

39.
Monks,
Eyewitness
, p. 284.

40.
ibid., p. 283.

41.
Photograph in
Rand Daily Mail
, 18 August 1950.

42.
Press cutting, 17 August 1950 (title of source excised), Truman Library, Sweeney Papers, Box 5.

43.
Johannesburg
Star
, 18 August 1950.

44.
Press cutting, 17 August 1950 (title of source excised), Truman Library, Sweeney Papers, Box 5.

45.
Rand Daily Mail
, 18 August 1950.

46.
Monsarrat,
Life is a Four-Letter Word
, vol. II,
Breaking Out
, pp. 276–7.

47.
ibid., pp. 277–8.

48.
Baring to Lady Baring, 20 August 1950, quoted in Douglas-Home,
Evelyn Baring
, p. 193.

49.
MacKenzie to Ellenberger, 21 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1298.

50.
Message from meeting of headmen conveyed by Mr Fraenkel, n.d. [August 1950], ibid.

1.
Pathe newsreel, ‘People in the News', 24 August 1950.

2.
Movietone newsreel, ‘Seretse Here', 24 August 1950.

3.
Robins,
White Queen in Africa
, p. 54.

4.
Naledi Khama to author, 13 November 2004.

5.
Baxter to Gwatkin, 4 September 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1298.

6.
C. D. Heriot, Report on The Baker's Daughter, 17 August 1950, TNA: PRO, DO 119/1298.

7.
Muriel Sanderson to author, 17 November 2004.

8.
Tibbetts to State Department, Washington, 2 October 1950, NARA, RG 59, Decimal Files [1950–54], Box 3571.

9.
Today
, 12 March 1960.

10.
Naledi Khama to author, 13 November 2004.

11.
Commentary in Phillips and Phillips,
Windrush
, pp. 100–103.

12.
Pathe newsreel, ‘Farewell dance for West Indies XI', 28 September 1950.

13.
‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950', TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

14.
Norton to Scott, 27 November 1950, BLCAS, Anti-Slavery Society Papers, File 12.

15.
Baxter to Syers, Liesching, Ogmore, 8 February 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

16.
‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950', ibid.

17.
Muriel Sanderson to author, 17 November 2004.

18.
‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950', TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

19.
Muriel Sanderson to author, 10 November 2004.

20.
‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950', TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

21.
Note by Gordon Walker, 16 November 1950, ibid.

22.
Stonehouse,
Prohibited Immigrant
, pp. 25–6.

23.
Freud,
Freud Ego
, pp. 95–6.

24.
Clement Freud to author, 30 June 2005 and 4 July 2005.

25.
Lee,
My Life with Nye
, p. 167.

26.
Foot,
Aneurin Bevan
, p. 414.

27.
Movietone newsreel, ‘Seretse Khama's Xmas Party', December 1951.

28.
John and Esme Goode to author, 29 March 2004.

29.
Brockway,
Towards Tomorrow
, p. 162.

30.
Clark to Baxter, 9 February 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

31.
Lewis, ‘Note of a meeting with Seretse and Ruth Khama on 31st January 1951', 2 February 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

32.
Clark to Baxter, 9 February 1951, ibid.

33.
Freud,
Freud Ego
, p. 101.

34.
Fawcus and Tilbury,
Botswana
, p. 56.

35.
Bankole,
Kwame Nkrumah from Cradle to Grave
, p. 104.

36.
Naledi Khama to author, 18 June 2003.

37.
Daily Mail
, 3 October 1956.

38.
Stonehouse,
Prohibited Immigrant
, p. 26.

39.
Ebony
, June 1951.

1.
Baring to Syers, 27 September 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

2.
Seretse to Tshekedi, 17 October 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1308.

3.
Morton and Ramsay,
The Birth of Botswana
, p. 128.

4.
Gasebalwe Seretse,
Tshekedi Khama
, pp. 125–6.

5.
Rand Daily Mail
, 13 November 1950.

6.
Liesching to Baring, 27 October 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

7.
Rand Daily Mail
, 13 November 1950.

8.
Fletcher to Scott, 15 November 1950, BLCAS, Mss Afr s 1681, Box 226, File 7.

9.
Fletcher to Scott, 19 November 1950, ibid.

10.
Secretary of State's discussions, 13 December 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

11.
Gordon Walker to Liesching, 16 December 1950, ibid.

12.
Hatch,
New from Africa
, p. 77.

13.
Fairlie,
No Time Like the Past
, p. 150.

14.
Germond to Col. Beetham, 27 December 1950, BNARS, S535/12/1.

15.
Daily Express
, 31 January 1951.

16.
Redfern,
Ruth and Seretse
, p. 144.

17.
Beetham to Allison, 22 December 1950, BNARS, S535/12/1.

18.
Germond to Beetham, 29 December 1950, ibid.

19.
Seager,
The Shadow of a Great Rock
, p. 63.

20.
Redfern,
Ruth and Seretse
, p. 144.

21.
Seager,
The Shadow of a Great Rock
, p. 63.

22.
Redfern,
Ruth and Seretse
, p. 144.

23.
ibid., p. 145.

24.
Statement by Bangwato to Gordon Walker, Serowe, 1 February 1951, BNARS, S535/12/3.

25.
Daily Express
, February 1951.

26.
Notes for Secretary of State's Speech at Serowe, 1 February 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.

27.
Cabinet Report, CP (51) 109, 16 April 1951.

28.
Gordon Walker to Liesching, 3 February 1951, TNA:PRO, CO 537/7222.

29.
Comment by Mary Benson, in response to review by Paul Landau of Dutfield,
A Marriage of Inconvenience
, in
Southern African Review of Books
, No. 17, January/February 1991.

30.
Tshekedi Khama to
The Times
, 8 June 1951.

31.
Tibbetts to State Department, Washington [June 1951], NARA, RG 59, Dept of State, Decimal Files [1950–54], 845E. 411/6–1251.

32.
Picture Post
, 7 July 1951.

33.
His initial suggestion was to send three MPs, but the Conservative and Liberal Parties refused to send any of their members. Labour, with a majority of only five, could not afford to send three MPs. He came up with the alternative of sending three men of public standing.

34.
Secretary to Astor, to Benson, 21 March 1951, BLCAS, Rhodes House, Mss Afr s 1681, Box 226, File 6.

35.
Seretse to Scott, n.d. [March 1951], ibid.

36.
For a full account of this episode, see Michael Crowder, ‘Professor Macmillan Goes on Safari: The British Government Observer Team and the Crisis over the Seretse Khama Marriage, 1951', in Macmillan and Marks (eds),
Africa and Empire
, pp. 254–328.

37.
Notes from diary of Legum, 7 August 1951, BLCAS, Mss Afr s 1681, Box 226, File 6.

38.
Bullock to Gordon Walker, 15 August 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4135.

39.
Rand Daily Mail
, 17 August 1951.

40.
Memorandum by Bangwato women to UK visitors, Serowe, 16 August 1951, BNARS, S 529/4.

41.
Report by Bullock and Macmillan, published in White Paper, Cmd 8423: ‘Bechaunaland Protectorate: Report of Observers', 6 December 1951.

42.
Bamangwato Women's Association (signed by the Secretary, Lets M. Matseka, the Chairlady, K. Gochani, and Committee Member Ottotten Leakwe) to the Native Authority, Serowe, 19 October 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1304.

43.
G. M. Kgosi to Churchill, 23 July 1951, ibid.

1.
Liesching, aide-memoire on Bamangwato affairs, 24 November 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1320.

2.
Le Rougetel to Liesching, 22 October 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1317.

3.
Constantine,
Colour Bar
, p. 186.

4.
HCO to CRO, 22 June 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1311.

5.
High Commissioner to CRO, 23 June 1951, TNA:PRO, PREM 8/1308 Part 2.

6.
David Anderson,
Histories of the Hanged
, p. 3.

7.
Benson,
Tshekedi Khama
, p. 252.

8.
Minute by Lambert, 13 November 1951, TNA:PRO, CO 1015/358.

9.
Cabinet meeting 22 November 1951, TNA:PRO, PREM 11/1182, 120180.

10.
Hansard
, 6 December 1951.

11.
Quoted in Michael Crowder, ‘Professor Macmillan Goes on Safari: The British Government Observer Team and the Crisis over the Seretse Khama Marriage, 1951', in Macmillan and Marks (eds),
Africa and Empire
, p. 276.

12.
Hansard
, 6 December 1951.

13.
Statement by Chief Seretse Khama, 6 December 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1320.

14.
Cabinet meeting, 19 December 1951, TNA:PRO, PREM 11/1182, 120180.

15.
Clark to Baxter, 13 February 1953, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4279.

16.
Lloyd to Foot, 18 January 1952, TNA:PRO, CO 537/7776.

17.
Foot to Lloyd, 28 January 1952, ibid.

18.
Memorandum by Commonwealth Secretary, 13 March 1952, TNA:PRO, PREM 11/1182.

19.
Salisbury to Prime Minister, 18 March 1952, ibid.

20.
Record of conversation, 24 March 1952, TNA:PRO, DO 121/151.

21.
Ismay,
Memoirs
, p. 462.

22.
Record of interview with Mr and Mrs Khama, 26 March 1952, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1327.

23.
Rand Daily Mail
, 2 October 1956.

24.
Rand Daily Mail
, 28 March 1952.

25.
Daily Mail
, 2 October 1956.

26.
Cape Times
, 28 March 1952.

27.
O. K. Maokisa, ‘The British Govt Decision Grieves the Bamangwato', translation of article in
Naledi ya Batswana
, 19 April 1952, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1328.

28.
HCO to CRO, 29 March 1952, TNA:PRO, CO 1015/359.

29.
Goareng Mosinyi to author, 12 November 2004.

30.
HCO to CRO, 31 March 1952, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4143.

31.
Consolidated Security Report for the Week Ending 26 March 1952, by B. R. Sands, Intelligence Officer, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1327.

32.
Time
, 7 April 1952.

33.
Hansard
, 27 March 1952, also for subsequent references to the debate.

34.
Tony Benn to author, 2 February 2005.

35.
Hansard
, 27 March 1952.

36.
Salisbury to Welensky, 21 February 1965, BLCAS, Welensky Papers, 770/4.

37.
Hansard
, 27 March 1952.

38.
ibid.

39.
Hansard
, 31 March 1952.

40.
Miss X to Sir, Commonwealth Relations Office, n.d. [1952], TNA:PRO, DO 35/4145.

41.
Messel to Eden, [2 April 1952], TNA:PRO, FO 371/96649.

42.
Statement by CRO, ‘Seretse Khama', 9 May 1952, attached to Robinson to Ottawa, 16 May 1952, NAC, 10283-B-40/99/99.

43.
The letter was signed by Dr J. S. Moroka, president-general, Walter Sisulu, secretary-general, and Dr S. M. Molema, treasurer. Telegram Mafikeng to CRO, 1 April 1952, TNA:PRO, CO 1015/359.

44.
J. H. Le Rougetel to Lord Salisbury, 23 April 1952, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1328.

45.
Naledi Khama to author, 13 November 2004.

46.
Redfern,
Ruth and Seretse
, p. 216.

47.
Appiah,
Joe Appiah
, p. 185. Appiah is drawing on Ruth 1:16: ‘Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God.'

1.
Head,
Serowe
, p. 77; Seager,
The Shadow of a Great Rock
, p. 72.

2.
Hatch,
New from Africa
, p. 68.

3.
Beetham to Bent, 13 December 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1320.

4.
Intelligence Report for the period ending 10 March 1952, DO 119/1326.

5.
Intelligence Report for week ending 19 February 1952, DO 119/1324.

6.
Text of address by Resident Commissioner, Serowe, in High Commissioner, Cape Town, to CRO, 9 March 1952, TNA:PRO, CO 1015/359.

7.
Intelligence Report for the period including 28 March, DO 119/1326.

8.
Seager,
The Shadow of a Great Rock
, p. 67.

9.
ibid., p. 69.

10.
South African Press Association–Reuters, 10 April 1952, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1307.

11.
Movietone newsreel, ‘Bamangwato Chiefs Arrive in London', 14 April 1952.

12.
Pathe News, ‘In support of Seretse', 14 April 1952.

13.
Redfern,
Ruth and Seretse
, p. 195.