Collins Cobuild English Grammar (201 page)

BOOK: Collins Cobuild English Grammar
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spoil
spoiled, spoilt
wet
wetted, wet
R75
    Here is a list of verbs with two past forms:
bid
bid, bade
wake
waked, woke
weave
weaved, wove

Here is a list of verbs with two
-ed
participle forms:

bid
bid, bidden
mow
mowed, mown
prove
proved, proven
swell
swelled, swollen
wake
waked, woken
weave
weaved, woven
     In American English,
gotten
is usually used instead of
got
as the
-ed
participle of
get
. However, American English always uses
got
rather than
gotten
in two common constructions:
have got
(meaning
own
or
possess
), and
have got to
meaning
must
).
Have you got change for the parking meter?
You have got to start paying more attention to deadlines.

The past forms of these constructions in American English are never
had got
. Instead, they use the past form of
have
.

Did you have change for the parking meter?
She said I had to start paying more attention to deadlines.

Note that some verbs appear in both the above lists as they have a different past form and
-ed
participle form, each of which has more than one form.

base form
past form
-ed
participle
base form
past form
-ed
participle
arise
arose
arisen
catch
caught
caught
awake
awoke
awoken
choose
chose
chosen
bear
bore
borne
cling
clung
clung
beat
beat
beaten
come
came
come
become
became
become
cost
cost
cost
begin
began
begun
creep
crept
crept
bend
bent
bent
cut
cut
cut
bet
bet
bet
deal
dealt
dealt
bind
bound
bound
dig
dug
dug
bite
bit
bitten
dive
dove
(Am)
dived
bleed
bled
bled
draw
drew
drawn
blow
blew
blown
drink
drank
drunk
break
broke
broken
drive
drove
driven
breed
bred
bred
eat
ate
eaten
bring
brought
brought
fall
fell
fallen
build
built
built
feed
fed
fed
burst
burst
burst
feel
felt
felt
buy
bought
bought
fight
fought
fought
cast
cast
cast
find
found
found
fit
fit
(Am)
fit
(Am)
ride
rode
ridden
flee
fled
fled
ring
rang
rung
fling
flung
flung
rise
rose
risen
fly
flew
flown
run
ran
run
forbear
forbore
forborne
saw
sawed
sawn
forbid
forbade
forbidden
say
said
said
forget
forgot
forgotten
see
saw
seen
forgive
forgave
forgiven
seek
sought
sought
forsake
forsook
forsaken
sell
sold
sold
forswear
forswore
forsworn
send
sent
sent
freeze
froze
frozen
set
set
set
get
got
got
sew
sewed
sewn
give
gave
given
shake
shook
shaken
go
went
gone
shed
shed
shed
grind
ground
ground
shine
shone
shone
grow
grew
grown
shoe
shod
shod
hear
heard
heard
shoot
shot
shot
hide
hid
hidden
show
showed
shown
hit
hit
hit
shrink
shrank
shrunk
hold
held
held
shut
shut
shut
hurt
hurt
hurt
sing
sang
sung
keep
kept
kept
sink
sank
sunk
know
knew
known
sit
sat
sat
lay
laid
laid
slay
slew
slain
lead
led
led
sleep
slept
slept
leave
left
left
slide
slid
slid
lend
lent
lent
sling
slung
slung
let
let
let
slink
slunk
slunk
lose
lost
lost
sow
sowed
sown
make
made
made
speak
spoke
spoken
mean
meant
meant
spend
spent
spent
meet
met
met
spin
spun
spun
pay
paid
paid
spread
spread
spread
put
put
put
spring
sprang
sprung
quit
quit
quit
stand
stood
stood
read
read
read
steal
stole
stolen
rend
rent
rent
stick
stuck
stuck
sting
stung
stung
tear
tore
torn
stink
stank
stunk
tell
told
told
strew
strewed
strewn
think
thought
thought
stride
strode
stridden
throw
threw
thrown
strike
struck
struck
thrust
thrust
thrust
string
strung
strung
tread
trod
trodden
strive
strove
striven
understand
understood
understood
swear
swore
sworn
wear
wore
worn
sweep
swept
swept
weep
wept
wept
swim
swam
swum
win
won
won
swing
swung
swung
wind
wound
wound
take
took
taken
wring
wrung
wrung
teach
taught
taught
write
wrote
written

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