Civilization: The West and the Rest (83 page)

Islamic
see
Islamic science/technology

in Israel
93–4

military
37
,
41
,
57
,
65
n,
233
,
235–6

nuclear
94–5

optics
51–2
,
64
,
70

religious issues in
67–8

royal patronage of
70
; by Frederick the Great
71
,
79–80
,
84

scientific institutions
69–70
,
79
,
89

scientific method
60
,
64–5
,
67
,
70

collaborative
70

Scotland
263

England and
24
,
105
,
107
,
213

Industrial Revolution
199

see also
Britain

Scott, Sarah
289

Second World War (1939–45)
192
,
233–6

casualty figures
193
; civilian
233
,
234

causes of
233

Germany in
189–90
,
191–5
,
231–4
;
see also
Hitler, Adolf

Italy in
233–4

Japan in
233–5

Seven Years’ War (1756–63)
115
,
116
,
116
n

sexual revolution
246

Shakespeare, William
23
,
62
n,
324
n

Shark Island concentration camp, German South-West Africa
179–80

Sharp, Granville
133

Shaw, George Bernard, on Western medicine
148

Shays, Daniel
117

Sherrington, Charles
300

shipbuilding industry
22
,
28–9
,
37
,
48

Sibutus, George
62

siege warfare
52
,
54–7

Siegert, Johann Gottlieb Benjamin
121
n

Sierra Leone
168

silver, from South America
101–2

Singapore
240
,
306–7

Singer sewing machines
216–18
,
220

Sivasi Efendi
71

slave revolts
131–2
,
136
,
160

slavery/slave trade
97
,
120
,
125
,
129–36

abolition of
129
,
131
,
132–3
; in British colonies
177
; in French colonies
163
,
177

in Africa
176
,
177

slaves as property
132
,
135–6

in Spanish South American colonies
129
,
130–32
,
133
,
135
,
136

in US
129
,
130
,
132–3
,
134–6

Smith, Adam
7
,
78
,
301

on China
19
,
20
,
46
,
78

on religion
276

Theory of Moral Sentiments
xxiv–xxv

The Wealth of Nations
297

Smith, Abraham (English migrant to South Carolina)
103
,
106
,
111–12

Sobieski, Jan III, King of Poland
55–6

socialism
208–9

Sorokin, Pitrim
297

Soviet Union
see
Russia/Soviet Union

Spain

exploration, voyages of
35–6

France and
119

Spanish Civil War (1936–9)
231
,
233

Spanish empire
144

in America
see
America, South, Spanish colonies in

Spengler, Oswald:
The Decline of the West
297

spice trade
33
,
34
,
36

Spinoza, Benedict (Baruch)
xxiii
,
65

Spurgeon, Charles Haddon
282

Stead, William T.
298
n

steam engines
70
,
200
,
204
,
218

Stendhal (Henri Marie Beyle):
The Red and the Black
162

Stevens, John Lloyd
298–9

Stevenson, Robert Louis
xxvi

Stott, George
282
,
284

Strauss, Levi
241

Suez Canal
219

suffrage, male
210

in French colonies
163

sugar/sugar production
10
,
45
,
129
,
131–2
,
160

Suleiman the Magnificent
52–3
,
52
n,
56–7
,
72

Sun Yat-sen
283

Switzerland
41
,
159

syphilis
176

Taiping Rebellion, China
211
,
279–90
,
285

Takiyüddīn al-Rāsid (Taqi al-Din)
68–9

Taleb, Nassim
301

Tamani, Hüseyin Rifki
69

Tang Yi
286

Tanweer, Shehzad
291

tariffs
see
trade tariffs

Tawney, R. H.
263

taxation
38
,
44
,
106
,
107
,
117
,
210–11
,
288

Taylor, James Hudson
280
,
282

technology
see
Industrial Revolution
;

science/technology

Teller, Edward
235

Tennyson, Alfred Lord
xiv

terrorism
see
violence/terrorism

textile industry/trade
28
,
198–9
,
200
,
203
,
218–19
,
239–40

cotton
201
,
202–3
,
204
,
218

in India
224–5

in Japan
223–4

Thatcher, Margaret
252

Thirty Years’ War (1618–48)
37

Thuillier, Louis
169

Tigris river/valley
17

tobacco
46
,
131

Todd, John L.
169

Tolstoy, Leo
270

Toqué, Emile
165

Touška, Ivan
247

Toussaint ‘Louverture’, François-Dominique
160

Townsend, Pete
274
n

Toynbee, Arnold:
The Study of History
297

trade/trade routes
9
,
22
,
29
,
31
,
161

with China
29
,
31
,
35
,
47
,
48

comparative advantage doctrine
202
,
202
n

competition in
33–6
,
48

development of
33–6

free markets
7
,
17

in Great Depression
229–30

importance of
20
,
46
,
47
,
48

ocean freight
218–19

in slaves
97
,
129–36
,
161
;
see also
slavery

in spices
33
,
34
,
36

in sugar
129
,
131–2
,
160

in textiles
see
textile industry/trade

transatlantic
106
,
115
,
218–19

trade monopolies
38

trade tariffs
202–3
,
229–30

trade unions
238–9
,
245

trading companies
36
,
38
,
83
,
161
,
201
,
278

Trafalgar, battle of (1805)
160

Trevithick, Richard
200

Trotha, General Adrian Dietrich Lothar von
178–9
,
181

Troup, Bobby
274

Tull, Jethro
27

Turgenev, Ivan:
Fathers and Sons
228

Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, on civilization
2

Turkey

under Kemal Atatürk
90–93
,
228

Dolmabahçe palace
88
,
90

founding of
91

as Islamist
253–5

linguistic issues
90
,
91–2