City of God (Penguin Classics) (196 page)

84
. Phil. 1, 23.

85
. Rom 1, 11ff

86
. 2 Cor. 11 2f.

87
. Rom. 9, 2.

88
. Rom. 10, 3.

89
. 2 Cor. 12, 21.

90
. Phil. 2, 7.

91
. Mark 3, 5.

92
. John 11, 15.

93
. ibid., 11, 35.

94
. Luke 22, 15.

95
. Matt. 26, 38.

96
. Rom. 1, 31.

97
. Ps. 69, 20.

98
. Cic,
Tuse
.
Disp
., 3, 6, 12.

99
. The Stoic moral principle; cf. ch. 2.

100
. 1 John 1, 8.

101
. 1 John 4, 18.

102
. 2 Cor. 11, 3.

103
. Rom. 8, 15.

104
. Ps. 19, 9.

105
. Ps. 9, 18.

106
. Matt. 5, 28.

107
. Gen. 1, 28.

108
. Gen. 6, 6; Exod. 32, 14; 1 Sam. 15, 11; 15, 35; 2 Sam. 24, 16.

109
. Eccles. 7, 29.

110
. cf. Matt 7. 17f.

111
. cf. John 1, 3.

112
. cf. Gen. 2, 7.

113
. John 8, 36.

114
. Bk xi, 13; xii, 1.

115
. Exod. 32, 3ff.

116
. 1 Kings 11, 4.

117
. 1 Tim. 2, 14.

118
. Rom. 5, 12.

119
. Rom. 5, 14

120
. Gen 3, 12.

121
. Ecclus. 10, 13; cf. Bk XII, 6.

122
. Matt 7, 18.

123
. 2 Pet. 2, 10.

124
. cf. Matt. 23, 12; etc.

125
. Ps. 73, 118.

126
. cf. Phil. 2, 8–11.

127
. Gen. 3, 5.

128
. Prov. 18, 12.

129
. Matt. 26, 33; 26, 75.

130
. Ps. 83, 16.

131
. Gen. 3, 12f.

132
. Cf. Gen. 4, 9.

133
. Gen. 22, 2.

134
. Phil. 2, 8.

135
. Ps. 144, 4.

136
. Cf. ch. 2.

137
. Cic, Tusc Disp., 3, 5, 11; 4, 9, 21.

138
. 1 Thess. 4, 4f.

139
. Gen. 2, 25.

140
. Cf. Gen. 2, 20.

141
. Gen. 3, 6.

142
. Gen. 3, 7.

143
. cf. Rom. 7, 23.

144
. cf. Bk
VIII
, 9n;
X
, 32;
XV
, 20.

145
. Luc,
Phars
., 7, 62, describing Cicero. Cic., Tusc.
Disp.
2, 26, 64.

146
. cf. Plat, Rp., 586 D-E.

147
.
Cynics.
Some authorities derive this school from Antisthenes (
fl.
400
B.C.
), a pupil of Socrates, who taught in a gymnasium at Cynosarges, a suburb of Athens; and they derive the name ‘Cynic’ from this place-name. The more probable derivation of the sect, and the name, is from Diogenes of Sinope, a fourth-century disciple of Antisthenes, who was nicknamed
kuôn
(‘dog’) because of his rejection of the conventions of civilization and his determination to Uve on nothing-and in a tub. The Cynic ideal was freedom from wants, desires, and all involvements. There was a great revival of Cynicism in the first three centuries of the Christian era, manifested on two levels: there were educated philosophers, such as Dio Chrysostom (first century
A.D.
); and there were the beggar-philosophers who ostentatiously rejected conventional standards, reproducing the ‘shamelessness’ (
anaideia
) of Diogenes.

148
. Diog. Laert. 6, 69.

149
. The attribute of Heracles, who represented the Cynic ideal of selfsufficiency.

150
. Gen. 1, 28.

151
. sc the Manicheans; cf. Bk
XI
, 13n.

152
. Ps. 138, 3.

153
. Gen. 1, 27f.

154
. Matt. 19, 4ff.

155
. Eph. 5, 25; Co L 3, 19.

156
. Luke 20, 34.

157
. De Rep., 3, 25, 37.

158
. Virg., Georg., 3, 136.

159
. Rom. 1, 26.

160
. Andr., 305f.

161
. 1 Tim. 1, 5.

162
. Ps. 111, 2.

163
. cf. Gen. 3, 15 (the ‘Protevangelium’).

164
. 2 Cor. 10, 17.

165
. Ps. 3, 3.

166
. Ps. 18, 1.

167
. Bom. 1, 21ff.

168
. 1 Cor. 15, 28.

1
. Especially Bk XIV.

2
. In Bks XIX-XXII.

3
. cf. Gen. 4, 1f.

4
. 1 Cor. 5, 46.

5
. Rom. 9, 21.

6
. cf. Gen. 4, 17.

7
. cf. 1 Tim. 1, 17.

8
. Is. 54, l.

9
. Gen. 21, 10.

10
. Gal. 4, 21–5, 1.

11
. Hagar prefigures the earthly Jerusalem which is a symbol of the Heavenly City. She was a slave and Jerusalem was enslaved, and therefore serves as a prophecy of the Heavenly Jerusalem, the free city, symbolized by the free Sarah.

12
. Rom. 9, 22f.

13
. cf. Gen. 16, 1ff.

14
. Wisd. 8, 1.

15
. cf. Acts 4, 32.

16
. cf. Bk XIX, 17.

17
. Luc. 1, 95.

18
. Gal. 5. 17.

19
. cf. Bk XIV, 1; 11 etc.

20
. Gal. 6, 2.

21
. 1 Thess. 5, 14f.

22
. Gal. 6, 1.

23
. Eph. 4, 26.

24
. Matt. 18, 15.

25
. 1 Tim. 5, 20.

26
. cf. Hebr. 12, 14.

27
. cf. Matt. 18, 23–35.

28
. cf. Rom. 9, 22f

29
. cf. Rom. 6, 12f.

30
. Gen. 4, 6f. (LXX). The passage is obscure in the Hebrew.

31
. The traditional orthodoxy governing the interpretation of Scripture. It is not identical with any accepted formula.

32
. John 3, 12.

33
. Gal. 5, 17.

34
. Rom. 7, 17.

35
. Rom. 6, 13.

36
. cf. Rom. 6, 12.

37
. cf. Gen. 3, 16 (LXX).

38
. Eph. 5, 28f.

39
.
Adv. Faust Man
., 12, 9.

40
. cf. e.g. Gen. 5, 4f.

41
. Gen. 4, 17.

42
. Gen. 4, 25.

43
. cf. Gen. 5, 31 (LXX).

44
. cf. Exod. 12, 40.

45
. cf. Exod. 12, 37.

46
. cf. Gen. 36.

47
. cf. Gen. 25, 1–4; 12–15.

48
.
Aen
., 12, 899f.

49
. cf. Virg.,
Georg
., 1, 4, 93–7.

50
. cf. Plin. 7, 16.

51
. cf. II. 5, 302ff; 12, 378ff; 445ff.

52
. cf. Plin. 7, 48.

53
. i.e. the Old Latin Version, a translation of LXX. St Augustine knew Jerome’s Latin translation of the Hebrew, for Jerome’s version of the Bible (the Vulgate) was completed some ten years before St Augustine began the
City of God
in 413.

54
. Gen. 5, 3f.

55
. Gen. 5, 21ff.

56
. cf. Gen. 5, 25ff.

57
. Gen. 5, 28ff

58
. cf. Gen. 5, 25 (Vulg., 187).

59
. cf. Gen. 5, 28 (Vulg., 182).

60
. cf. Gen. 7, 6.

61
. Vulg. 969.

62
. cf. Gen. 5, 26 (Vulg. 782).

63
. cf. Bk XVIII, 42–4.

64
. Bk XI, 8.

65
. In the Roman calendar Feb. 24 (a.d. VI Kal. Mart., the 6th day before March 1) was duplicated every fourth year. Hence the extra day was called ‘the twice sixth’,
bissextus
.

66
. cf. Gen. 5, 9 (LXX).

67
. cf. Bk XII, 11.

68
. Plin. 7, 48.

69
. cf. ch. 14.

70
. cf. Gen. 5, 3.

71
. cf. Gen. 5, 6.

72
. cf. Gen. 5, 12.

73
. cf. ch. 11.

74
. The
Septuagint
(LXX). According to Jewish tradition Ptolemy Philadelphia (185–246
B.C.
) engaged seventy-two translators to prepare a Greek version of the Hebrew Law (the Pentateuch) for his library at Alexandria. Later the story was extended to include the whole Old Testament. In fact the version was probably the work of a number of Alexandrian Jews and was gradually completed. The preface of Ecclesiasticus suggests that most of the work had been done by
c
. 132 B.C; cf. Bk XVIII, 43.

75
. viz. Lamech; cf. ch. 10.

76
. cf. Gen. 5, 18.

77
. cf. Gen. 5, 25 (the Hebrew text gives 187, which agrees with what follows).

78
.
LXX
gives 167 years.

79
. cf. Aug.,
Quaest
.
in Hept
, 1, 2

80
. Gen. 8, 4f.

81
. cf. Gen. 7, 12.