Citizen Emperor (157 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 16 . | Burton, Blood in the City , p. 73; Cabanis, Le sacre de Napoléon , pp. 97–8. |
| 17 . | See, for example, Christian Pfister, Les fêtes à Nancy sous le Consulat et le Premier Empire (1799–1813) (Nancy, 1914), pp. 89–92. |
| 18 . | Bouët du Portal, ‘A propos de la Saint-Napoléon’, 160. In 1804, it was the ‘Napoleon Battery’ in the harbour of Cherbourg; in 1806, it was the posing of the first stone of the Arc de Triomphe; in 1808, the inauguration of the Arc du Carrousel; in 1809, it was the opening of the Ourcq canal, and the relocation and restitution of the Fontaine des Innocents (today near Les Halles); in 1810, the inauguration of the Vendôme Column; in 1811, the opening of the Port Napoléon at Cherbourg. |
| 19 . | Such as J. Mayer and Abraham de Cologna, Odes hébraïques pour la célébration de l’anniversaire de la naissance de S.M. l’Empereur des François et roi d’Italie (Paris, 1806). |
| 20 . | Pierre de Joux, Discours de bénédiction, de reconnaissance et d’actions de grâces pour l’anniversaire de la naissance de l’empereur Napoléon-le-Grand (Nantes, n.d.), pp. 4–5. |
| 21 . | See, for example, Melchior-Bonnet, Napoléon et le Pape , p. 289. |
| 22 . | Léon de Lanzac de Laborie, La Domination française en Belgique: Directoire, Consulat, Empire, 1795–1814 , 2 vols (Paris, 1895), ii. pp. 113–22; Leflon, Etienne-Alexandre Bernier , ii. pp. 271–2; Michael Broers, The Politics of Religion in Napoleonic Italy: The War against God, 1801–1814 (London, 2002), pp. 82–5. |
| 23 . | André Latreille, Le Catéchisme Impérial de 1806: études et documents pour servir à l’histoire des rapports de Napoléon et du clergé concordataire (Paris, 1935), pp. 80–1; Latreille, L’Eglise catholique et la Révolution française , ii. pp. 135–9; Melchior-Bonnet, Napoléon et le Pape , pp. 86–8. |
| 24 . | Bernard Plongeron, ‘Le catéchisme impérial (1806) et l’irritante leçon VII sur le quatrième commandement’, in Marie-Madeleine Fragonard and Michel Peronnet (eds), Catéchismes et confessions de foi (Montpellier, 1995), pp. 287–310; Plongeron, ‘De Napoléon à Metternich’, pp. 652–4. |
| 25 . | Rowe, From Reich to State , p. 147. This was not always the case in the German-speaking departments. Stephan Laux, ‘Das Patrozinium “Saint Napoléon” in Neersen (1803–1856): ein Beitrag zur Rezeption der napoleonischen Propaganda im Rheinland’, in Jörg Engelbrecht and Stephan Laux (eds), Landes- und Reichsgeschichte: Festschrift für Hansgeorg Molitor zum 65. Geburtstag (Bielefeld 2004), pp. 351–81. |
| 26 . | Hagen Schulze, States, Nations, and Nationalism: From the Middle Ages to the Present , trans. from the German by W. E. Yuill (Oxford, 1996), p. 177; Jean-René Aymes, ‘Du catéchisme religieux au catéchisme politique (fin du XVIIIe siècle–début du XIXe)’, in Jean-René Aymes, Voir, comparer, comprendre: regards sur l’Espagne des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles (Paris, 2003), pp. 179–200. |
| 27 . | Telesko, Napoleon Bonaparte , pp. 9–10; Barbara Beßlich, Der deutsche Napoleon-Mythos: Literatur und Erinnerung 1800–1945 (Darmstadt, 2007), pp. 72–5. The following quotation is from Nancy Nobile, The School of Days: Heinrich von Kleist and the Traumas of Education (Detroit, 1999), pp. 121–7, here p. 123. |
| 28 . | Corr. xi. n. 9633 (31 December 1805). |
| 29 . | Haegele, Napoléon et Joseph Bonaparte , p. 192. |
| 30 . | Jacques Rambaud, Naples sous Joseph Bonaparte, 1806–1808 (Paris, 1911), pp. 13–14. |
| 31 . | A good portrait of Maria Carolina is to be had in Jean-Paul Garnier, Murat, roi de Naples (Paris, 1959), pp. 110–26. |
| 32 . | William Henry Flayhart, Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805–1806 (Columbia, SC, 1992), pp. 53–172. |
| 33 . | On the rise and fall of the Republic see John A. Davis, ‘The Neapolitan Revolution of 1799’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies , 4:3 (1999), 350–8; John A. Davis, Naples and Napoleon: Southern Italy and the European Revolutions, 1780–1860 (Oxford, 2006), pp. 72–93. |
| 34 . | Rambaud, Naples sous Joseph Bonaparte , pp. 1–2. |
| 35 . | Davis, Naples and Napoleon , pp. 130–2, 147, 249; Jordan, Napoleon and the Revolution , pp. 78–80. |
| 36 . | Corr. xi. n. 9625 (27 December 1805). |
| 37 . | Corr. xi. n. 9685 (19 January 1806). |
| 38 . | According to Miot de Melito, Mémoires , ii. pp. 279–80. |
| 39 . | Haegele, Napoléon et Joseph Bonaparte , pp. 206–7. |
| 40 . | Moniteur universel , 1 April 1806. |
| 41 . | See Martijn van der Burg, ‘Transforming the Dutch Republic into the Kingdom of Holland: The Netherlands between Republicanism and Monarchy (1795–1815)’, European Review of History/Revue européenne d’histoire , 17:2 (2010), 151–70, here 157–60. |
| 42 . | Rémusat, Mémoires , iii. pp. 33–4; Johann Joor, ‘Les système continental et sa signification pour le royaume de Hollande’, in Annie Jourdan (ed.), Louis Bonaparte: roi de Hollande, 1806–1810 (Paris, 2010), pp. 132–3. |
| 43 . | Louis Bonaparte, Documents historiques et réflexions sur le gouvernement de la Hollande , 3 vols (Brussels, 1820), iii. p. 260; Schama, Patriots and Liberators , p. 609. |
| 44 . | Burg, ‘Transforming the Dutch Republic’, 159–62. |
| 45 . | Napoleon to Louis, 5, 6 and 16 November 1806, in Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. pp. 77, 79, 80. |
| 46 . | Corr. xii. nos. 9959, 10360, 10400 and 10572 (12 March, 13 and 22 June, 30 July 1806). |
| 47 . | Las Cases, Mémorial , ii. pp. 375–6; Albert Du Casse, Les rois frères de Napoléon Ier: documents inédits relatifs au premier empire (Paris, 1883), p. 102. |
| 48 . | Corr. xv. n. 12291 (4 April 1807). |
| 49 . | Louis Bonaparte, Documents historiques , i. pp. 164–5; Schama, Patriots and Liberators , p. 547. |
| 50 . | Masson, Napoléon et les femmes , p. 151. |
| 51 . | Boudon, Le roi Jérôme , pp. 155–75. |
| 52 . | On Louis’ reign in Holland see Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , i. pp. 534–40. |
| 53 . | Ehrmann, The Younger Pitt , iii. pp. 819–29; Hague, William Pitt the Younger , pp. 569–78, who argues that Pitt probably died of a peptic ulceration of the duodenum. |
| 54 . | See A. D. Harvey, ‘The Ministry of All the Talents: The Whigs in Office, February 1806 to March 1807’, Historical Journal , 15:4 (1972), 619–48. |
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