Churchill's Secret War (50 page)
Read Churchill's Secret War Online
Authors: Madhusree Mukerjee
36
Hancock and Gowing,
British War Economy
, 263; Harrod,
The Prof
, 201; Birkenhead,
The Professor and the Prime Minister
, 228–229; MacDougall,
Don and Mandarin
, 31.
Hancock and Gowing,
British War Economy
, 263; Harrod,
The Prof
, 201; Birkenhead,
The Professor and the Prime Minister
, 228–229; MacDougall,
Don and Mandarin
, 31.
40
Kamtekar, “A Different War Dance,” 191.
Kamtekar, “A Different War Dance,” 191.
41
De, “Imperial Governance and the Challenges of War,” 20; William A. Barnes, CSAC, Box 8.
De, “Imperial Governance and the Challenges of War,” 20; William A. Barnes, CSAC, Box 8.
43
Quoted in Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 123–131; Loveday,
The History and Economics of Indian Famines
, 136–138; Greenough,
Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal
, 278–285; Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 36; Dutt,
India To-day
, 133.
Quoted in Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 123–131; Loveday,
The History and Economics of Indian Famines
, 136–138; Greenough,
Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal
, 278–285; Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 36; Dutt,
India To-day
, 133.
44
Quoted in Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 31; Habib,
Essays in Indian History
, 305–306; Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
,18.
Quoted in Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 31; Habib,
Essays in Indian History
, 305–306; Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
,18.
46
Jennings,
Speeches of the Right Honourable Lord Randolph Churchill
, Vol. II, 266–267; quoted in Dutt,
The Economic History of India
, Vol. I, 172–173; Bose,
South Asia and World Capitalism
, 214.
Jennings,
Speeches of the Right Honourable Lord Randolph Churchill
, Vol. II, 266–267; quoted in Dutt,
The Economic History of India
, Vol. I, 172–173; Bose,
South Asia and World Capitalism
, 214.
47
Basu,
The Ruin of Indian Trade and Industries
, 7, 124; Dutt,
The Economic History of India
, Vol. I, 202, 192, and Vol. II, 69.
Basu,
The Ruin of Indian Trade and Industries
, 7, 124; Dutt,
The Economic History of India
, Vol. I, 202, 192, and Vol. II, 69.
49
Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 37; Kumar,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, Vol. II, 873; Dutt,
Speeches and Papers on Indian Questions
, 48.
Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 37; Kumar,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, Vol. II, 873; Dutt,
Speeches and Papers on Indian Questions
, 48.
50
Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 33; Naoroji,
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
, 214–216; Bhatia,
Famines in India
, 9; Shrivastava,
The History of Indian Famines
, 360–361.
Rothermund,
An Economic History of India
, 33; Naoroji,
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
, 214–216; Bhatia,
Famines in India
, 9; Shrivastava,
The History of Indian Famines
, 360–361.
52
Hunter,
Famine Aspects of Bengal Districts
, 15–17; Naoroji,
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
, 216; Connell, “Indian Railways and Indian Wheat,” 242–247, 256.
Hunter,
Famine Aspects of Bengal Districts
, 15–17; Naoroji,
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
, 216; Connell, “Indian Railways and Indian Wheat,” 242–247, 256.
54
Kumar,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, Vol. II, 873; Atkinson, “Rupee Prices in India,” 530.
Kumar,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, Vol. II, 873; Atkinson, “Rupee Prices in India,” 530.
55
Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 130, 128; Maharatna,
The Demography of Famines
, 15; Bhatt, “Mortality and Fertility in India,” 111.
Digby,
“Prosperous” British India
, 130, 128; Maharatna,
The Demography of Famines
, 15; Bhatt, “Mortality and Fertility in India,” 111.
56
Churchill and Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. II, 102; Churchill,
India
, 82; James,
Churchill
, 259.
Churchill and Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, Vol. II, 102; Churchill,
India
, 82; James,
Churchill
, 259.
57
Ghose, “Food Supply and Starvation,” 376; Chattopadhyay, “Notes Towards an Understanding of the Bengal Famine of 1943,” 124–125; Nanavati Papers, Vol. I, 226; Bose,
Agrarian Bengal
, 23–24.
Ghose, “Food Supply and Starvation,” 376; Chattopadhyay, “Notes Towards an Understanding of the Bengal Famine of 1943,” 124–125; Nanavati Papers, Vol. I, 226; Bose,
Agrarian Bengal
, 23–24.
59
Chakrabarti, “Archeology of Coastal West Bengal,” 135–160.
Chapter ThreeChakrabarti, “Archeology of Coastal West Bengal,” 135–160.
2
Sinha and Khera,
Indian War Economy
, 323; Hauner,
India in Axis Strategy
, 268; Connell,
Wavell
, 30; Gilbert,
The Churchill War Papers
, Vol. II, 758; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 641.
Sinha and Khera,
Indian War Economy
, 323; Hauner,
India in Axis Strategy
, 268; Connell,
Wavell
, 30; Gilbert,
The Churchill War Papers
, Vol. II, 758; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 641.
5
Ibid., 34–39; Reynolds,
In Command of History
, 54. Elliot Roosevelt’s book has been described as unreliable because some remembered conversations were rendered as actual speech, but the information it contains on India is consistent with that from other sources.
Ibid., 34–39; Reynolds,
In Command of History
, 54. Elliot Roosevelt’s book has been described as unreliable because some remembered conversations were rendered as actual speech, but the information it contains on India is consistent with that from other sources.
6
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 710; Hess,
America Encounters India
, 28; AMEL 7/36, Diary, January 8, 1942.
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 710; Hess,
America Encounters India
, 28; AMEL 7/36, Diary, January 8, 1942.
13
Hess,
America Encounters India
, 37; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 310, 328; Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 209–210.
Hess,
America Encounters India
, 37; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 310, 328; Churchill,
The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate
, 209–210.
14
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 729, 769; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 166, 239.
Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 729, 769; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 166, 239.
16
Quoted in Roy, “Military Loyalty in the Colonial Context,” 503.
Quoted in Roy, “Military Loyalty in the Colonial Context,” 503.
17
CAB 113/1, Prime Minister’s Personal Minute, Serial No. M. 1044/1; CAB 121/111, “War Cabinet: Oversea Defence Committee,” January 22, 1942; WO 193/137, “Secretary of State to Government of India, Defence Dept.,” January 30, 1942.
CAB 113/1, Prime Minister’s Personal Minute, Serial No. M. 1044/1; CAB 121/111, “War Cabinet: Oversea Defence Committee,” January 22, 1942; WO 193/137, “Secretary of State to Government of India, Defence Dept.,” January 30, 1942.
18
WO 106/3796, “Plan for the Defence of North-East India,” February 12, 1942; WO 193/137, “Secretary of State to Government of India,” March 27, 1942; WO 193/137, “Govr. General, Defence Dept., to S. of S. for India,” March 31, 1942.
WO 106/3796, “Plan for the Defence of North-East India,” February 12, 1942; WO 193/137, “Secretary of State to Government of India,” March 27, 1942; WO 193/137, “Govr. General, Defence Dept., to S. of S. for India,” March 31, 1942.
19
WO 106/3796, “Fifth Column in India,” April 23, 1942; CSAC, Olaf M. Martin Papers, Memoir, 233, 241; Nanavati Papers, Vol. I, 39.
WO 106/3796, “Fifth Column in India,” April 23, 1942; CSAC, Olaf M. Martin Papers, Memoir, 233, 241; Nanavati Papers, Vol. I, 39.
22
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 543, 546; Bera,
Janajuddha Patrika
, 98; Gupta,
Towards Freedom
, Vol. II, 1831.
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 543, 546; Bera,
Janajuddha Patrika
, 98; Gupta,
Towards Freedom
, Vol. II, 1831.
30
Ibid., 116, 119; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 722; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 794.
Ibid., 116, 119; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. I, 722; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 794.
31
Johnson, Telegram to Secretary of State; Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas,
Roosevelt and Churchill
, 202–203.
Johnson, Telegram to Secretary of State; Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas,
Roosevelt and Churchill
, 202–203.
38
WO 106/3796, C. in C. India to War Office, May 1, 1942; WO 106/3796, “C. in C. India to War Office,” May 29, 1942; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 822; CAB 195/1, W.M. (42) 96th Meeting, 82.
WO 106/3796, C. in C. India to War Office, May 1, 1942; WO 106/3796, “C. in C. India to War Office,” May 29, 1942; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 822; CAB 195/1, W.M. (42) 96th Meeting, 82.
41
WO 106/3796, C. in C. India to War Office, May 1, 1942; WO 193/127, “Chiefs of Staff Committee, Meeting to be Held on 4th February, 1942,” February 3, 1942; Kirby,
War Against Japan
, Vol. II, 47.
WO 106/3796, C. in C. India to War Office, May 1, 1942; WO 193/127, “Chiefs of Staff Committee, Meeting to be Held on 4th February, 1942,” February 3, 1942; Kirby,
War Against Japan
, Vol. II, 47.
43
Ibid., 11.
Ibid., 11.
44
Ibid., 16.
Ibid., 16.
45
Ibid., 12, 34–35.
Ibid., 12, 34–35.
46
Ibid., 71.
Ibid., 71.
47
Ibid., 30–31, 84.
Ibid., 30–31, 84.
52
Quoted in Moore,
Churchill, Cripps, and India
, 37; Greenough, “Political Mobilization,” 359–360; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 557–558.
Quoted in Moore,
Churchill, Cripps, and India
, 37; Greenough, “Political Mobilization,” 359–360; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 557–558.
54
Ibid., 23, 26.
Ibid., 23, 26.
55
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 747, 908; Voigt,
India in the Second World War
, 166; Louis,
Imperialism at Bay
, 33; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 830.
Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 747, 908; Voigt,
India in the Second World War
, 166; Louis,
Imperialism at Bay
, 33; Barnes and Nicholson,
The Empire at Bay
, 830.
57
CHUR 2/43 A “India: Government Policy,” 2, 3; Branson,
British Soldier in India
, 29; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 961, 978.
Chapter FourCHUR 2/43 A “India: Government Policy,” 2, 3; Branson,
British Soldier in India
, 29; Mansergh,
The Transfer of Power
, Vol. II, 961, 978.
5
Ibid., 134.
Ibid., 134.
6
Ibid., 135–136.
Ibid., 135–136.
7
Ibid., 138–139.
Ibid., 138–139.
8
Ibid., 137–138, 162–163.
Ibid., 137–138, 162–163.
9
Also see ibid., 152. His account has a single aircraft dropping two bombs.
Also see ibid., 152. His account has a single aircraft dropping two bombs.
11
Ibid., 122.
Ibid., 122.
15
Ibid., 165.
Ibid., 165.
17
Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 168–70, 327; Brennan, “Government Famine Relief in Bengal,” 549; Bose,
Agrarian Bengal
, 248.
Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 168–70, 327; Brennan, “Government Famine Relief in Bengal,” 549; Bose,
Agrarian Bengal
, 248.
18
Stephens,
Monsoon Morning
, 71; Mitra,
Tin Kuri Dash
, 148; India Office Records, R/3/2/37, October 26, 1942.
Stephens,
Monsoon Morning
, 71; Mitra,
Tin Kuri Dash
, 148; India Office Records, R/3/2/37, October 26, 1942.
20
Anonymous, “Cyclone Havoc in Bengal,”
The Statesman
, November 3, 1942; Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 167–170.
Anonymous, “Cyclone Havoc in Bengal,”
The Statesman
, November 3, 1942; Bari,
Tamrolipto Jatiyo Sorkar
, 167–170.
25
CSAC, Pinnell Papers, Memoir, 98.
CSAC, Pinnell Papers, Memoir, 98.
26
Ibid., 99; Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 441, 447.
Ibid., 99; Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 441, 447.
27
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 442–444; CSAC, Martin Papers, Memoir, 250.
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 442–444; CSAC, Martin Papers, Memoir, 250.
29
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 441; Nanavati Papers, Vol. V, 1333.
Nanavati Papers, Vol. II, 441; Nanavati Papers, Vol. V, 1333.
30
Nanavati Papers File 6B; quoted in Law-Smith, “Response and Responsibility,” 61; pictured in the documentary
The Forgotten Famine
, Uden Associates for U.K. Channel 4, 1997.
Nanavati Papers File 6B; quoted in Law-Smith, “Response and Responsibility,” 61; pictured in the documentary
The Forgotten Famine
, Uden Associates for U.K. Channel 4, 1997.
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