Castle to Castle (52 page)

17.
"FAMILY, WORK, COUNTRY."
"Travail, Famille, Patrie."
The Vichy regime substituted these words for the motto of the French Republic: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."

17.
KRONPRINZESSGADE.
Céline's often capricious spelling of non-French words, especially names, has been followed throughout. It no doubt expresses contempt for all things foreign, but it also conveys the impression made by foreign languages on those who do not understand them.

19.
ALTMAN.
Georges Altaian, left-wing journalist who, in 1932, expressed his enthusiasm for
Journey to the End of the Night
, but later condemned Céline's anti-Semitic writings.

19.
TRIOLETTE.
Elsa Triolet, writer, born in Moscow in 1896, wife of Louis Aragon and sister-in-law of Maiakovsky.

19.
LARENGON.
Louis Aragon, French writer born in 1897. Collaborated with André Breton in founding the Surrealist movement, which he abandoned when he joined the Communist party.

19.
BOUGRAT.
Dr. Pierre Bougrat (1890-1961). Accused in 1925 of assassinating a bill collector, whose body was found in a closet in Bougrat's house. Condemned to forced labor for life. Six months after his arrival in Guiana, he escaped to Venezuela, where he practiced medicine until his death in 1961.

20.
LANDRU.
Famous criminal. Arrested in 1919, accused of murdering ten women whom he had promised to marry and who disappeared after he had invited them to his villa in the environs of Paris. Guillotined in 1922.

33.
LAVARÈDE AND HIS THREE SOUS.
Les Cinq Sous de Lavarède
, an entertaining adventure novel for children by Paul d'Ivoi, published in 1894.

42.
FELLAGHAS.
"Fellaghas," or road cutters, was the name given to the Algerian guerillas during the Algerian war.

44.
L.V.F.
Légion des Volontaires Français centre le Bolchdvisme. Founded in 1941 by Brinon and Doriot. Its purpose was to recruit French volunteers to fight for the Germans in Russia. It had little success. 

45.
RUE DE CHATEÂUDUN.
The French Communist party has its headquarters on the rue de Chateâudun in Paris.

47.
CARBUCCIA.
Horace de Carbuccia, French publisher born in 1891. Founder of the week!y
Gringoire
(1928-1944) of fascist tendency.

48.
CHARTRON.
Quarter of Bordeaux inhabited by high society (wine growers, wine merchants, shipbuilders, importers). Epithet applied to the Bordeaux bourgeòisie.

51.
LOUISE MICHEL
(1830-1905). French revolutionary. Active in the Commune (1871). Known as the "Red Virgin."

60.
ARLETTE, SIMON.
Accompanied by the screen actors Arletty and Michel Simon, Céline goes to the Radio Building to record selections from his works. Arletty reads two passages from
Death on the Installment Plan
, and Michel Simon reads the beginning of Journey to the End of the Night. In addition, Céline sings two of his own songs. (Pacific No. LDPS 199,1957, issued in 1956 as Urania No. URLP0003.)

61.
JACOB.
Madeleine Jacob, French journalist of the extreme left, specialized in court proceedings.

62.
BOUSSAC.
Marcel Boussac, French industrialist born in 1889. Director general of important textile and chemical firms. Breeder of race horses.

63.
BÉCART.
Marcel Bucard, born in 1895, referred to later by his right name. Active in several fascist movements. Active collaborationist during the Occupation. Spent some time in Sigmaringen. Condemned to death and executed in 1946.

63.
FAGON.
Guy-Crescent Fagon (1638-1718), chief physician to Louis XIV.

89.
LE VIGAN.
Robert Coquillaud, screen name Robert Le Vigan. Outstanding motion-picture actor (
Pépé-le-Moko, Quai des Brumes and Goupi-Mains rouges
). A friend of Céline, he collaborated under the Occupation. Spent several years in prison after the Liberation, went to Spain in 1950 and to the Argentine in 1951, where he played in several mediocre films and died.

110.
BICHELONNE.
Jean Bichelonne. First in his class at École Polytechnique. Minister for Industry and Commerce in several Vichy cabinets. Followed Pétain to Sigmaringen and died in Germany under mysterious circumstances in a hospital where he had been obliged by the SS to undergo an operation.

110.
BRINON.
Femand de Brinon. Journalist. In 1933, published the first interview with Hitler to appear in France. President of the Comité France-Allemagne. In December 1940, Laval appointed him delegate general of the French government in the occupied territories, with the tide of "Ambassadeur de France." Set up a "Government Commission for the Interests of French Subjects in Germany," which was disavowed by Pétain and Laval was condemned to death and executed.

110.
DARNAN.
Joseph Darnand, born in 1897. Started out as a cabinetmaker. After the first world war, leader of the Camelots du Roi, then joined the Croix-de-Feu and later Doriot's P.P.F. (Parti Populaire Français). Active in De-loncle's C.S.A.R. (the Cagoule). During the Occupation was a leader in the L.V.F. and in 1942 founded the Milice, a French police organization in the service of the Germans. In 1944, Secretary of State for the Interior in the Vichy government. A member of Brinon's "Government Commission" in Sigmaringen. Condemned to death and executed in 1945.

111.
NORDLING.
Raoul Nordling (1882-1962). Swedish diplomat, Swedish consul general in Paris from 1926 to1959. His intervention with General von Choltitz in August 1944 is believed to have prevented the destruction of Paris.

113.
SOUFFLOT.
Germain Soufflot, French architect (1713-1780). Builder of the Panthéon in Paris, originally as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, but transformed by the Revolution into a monument to the great men of France. Many of the most Illustrious men in France are buried there.

120.
CARBOUGNIAT.
A satirical deformation of the name Carbuccia, see above. In popular French, the word "bougnat" is applied to the coal dealers, for the most part natives of Auvergne, known for their greed.

122.
LACRETELLE.
Jacques de Lacretelle, born in 1888. French novelist, reputed for his psychological penetration. Elected to the Académie Française (1936). 

128.
JAVERT.
A character in Victor Hugo's
Les Miserables
, The type of stern, incorruptible detective who tracks down his quarry, undeterred by any consideration of sentiment.

130.
P.P.F.
Parti Populaire Français. Founded by Jacques Doriot in 1936. One of the two main fascist parties during the Occupation.

131.
ABEL BONNARD.
French writer born in 1883. Elected to the Academy in 1932 and expelled in 1944. In 1940, minister of National Education in the Vichy government. Sentenced in 1960 to ten years of banishment.

131.
SABIANI.
Member of die leading committee of the P.P.F.

132.
MILICE.
Founded by Darnand in January 1942. A French police force collaborating with the Germans, it was responsible for any number of crimes. When it went to Germany with the retreating German army, it provided itself with a "treasury" by requisitioning bank funds. Disavowed by Pétain in August 1944.

133.
DULLIN.
Charles Dullin (1885-1949), actor and director, founder of the Théâtre de l'Atelier and of a well-known dramatic school which still bears his name.

134.
TROPMAN.
Famous nineteenth-century criminal.

134.
DEIBLER.
Official executioner between the two wars.

136.
GABOLD.
Minister of Justice in the Vichy government

144.
K-BREAD.
Kriegsbrot
(Wartime Bread).

149.
LUCIEN DESCAVES
(1861-1949). Novelist of the naturalist school. Member of the Academie Goncourt (1900).

150.
CHARLOT [de Gaulle] SHOOTING BRASILLACH.
Robert Brasillach (1909-1945). Journalist, disciple of Charles Maurras, contributor to I'Action Française. Became editor-in-chief of
Je suis partout
in 1938. Published novels. Taken prisoner in 1940. Freed in 1941 and resumed his editorship of 
Je suis partout
. Arrested in 1944. Condemned to death and shot on February 6,1945. François Mauriac is said to have interceded with de Gaulle to obtain his pardon.

152.
FIFIS.
F.F.I., Forces Françaises de l'lntérieur. Name given in 1944 by the National Committee of Liberation to all the underground movements struggling against the German Occupation.

153.
MARION.
Paul Marion. Journalist, leading member of the P.P.F. since its founding in 1936. Resigned from the P.P.F. after Munich. Became Secretary of Information in the Vichy government in 1942. After the Liberation, condemned to ten years at forced labor.

154.
CORPECHOT.
Imaginary character, or conceivably Admiral Bléhaut.

155.
ADER.
Clement  Ader (1841-1925). French engineer. "Father of aviation." In 1890 built l'Éole, a heavier-than-air craft aboard which he rose from the ground. In 1892, he flew two hundred meters aboard l'Éole II.

157.
DELONCLE.
Eugène Deloncle (1890-1943). Engineer. Joined I
'Action Française
 in 1934, but soon broke with it to found the C.S.A.R. (Comité de l'Action Revolutionnaire), better known as the Cagoule. Convicted of complicity in a plot in 1937 and sentenced to a prison term. Freed at the beginning of the war, he founded, at the end of 1940, the M.S.R. (Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire). Merged the M.S.R. with Debt's R.N.P. (Rassemblement National Populaire), but the union was short-lived. After the Allied landing in Algeria, arrested by the Sicherheits-dienst because of his secret relations with Darlan. Murdered by the Gestapo.

157.
ENAVACHINE.
Russian economist living in Paris. Mysteriously murdered in 1937. See below, note on Navachine and the Roselli Brothers.

157.
BOUT DE L'AN.
One of the chiefs of Darnand's Milice.

157.
HEROLD PAQUI.
Jean Herold, alias Jean Hérold-Paquis (1912-1945). Journalist. Took part in the Spanish Civil War on the side of Franco. Appointed by Vichy government Delegate for Propaganda in the Hautes-Alpes department (1940). Beginning in 1942, daily news broadcasts over Radio Paris. Joined the P.P.F. Fled to Baden-Baden and Landau. Directed the Radio-Patrie radio station. Escaped to Switzerland in 1945. Handed over to the French authorities, sentenced to death and executed. e

157.
DORIOT.
Jacques Doriot (1895-1945). Metal worker. Joined Socialist party in 1918. Broke away from it with the Communist faction at the congress of Tours. Delegate to the Third Congress of the Communist International. Expelled from party in 1934 and founded the P.P.F. (Parti Populaire Français), which moved rapidly toward fascism. Mobilized in 1939. After the defeat, resumed his activity in the P.P.F. Helped to found the L.V.F. and volunteered to fight on the Russian front. Sigmaringen in 1945. Founded, with Hitler's support, the Committee for French Liberation. Was killed on his way to a meeting with Déat, when his car was machine-gunned by an American plane.

157.
DÉAT.
Marcel Deat (1894-1955). Professor of philosophy, Socialist (1932), then Neo-Socialist deputy. Aviation Minister in 1936. Under the Occupation, founded the R.N.P., Rassemblement National Populaire. In Vichy government, Secretary of State for Labor and Foreign Affairs (1944). Condemned to death in absentia, he evaded arrest and died in Italy in 1955.

158.
NOGUARÈS.
Louis Noguerès, president of the High Court of Jurtice, before which all the big trials of collaborationists were held after the Liberation.

159.
BRIDOU.
General Bridoux, Minister of war in the Vichy government.

167.
GAZIER.
Albert Gazier, born 1908. Trade unionist, Socialist deputy from the department of the Seine under the Fourth Republic, several times minister. Minister of Information under Pflimlin (1958), the last cabinet of the Fourth Republic. Now retired from political life.

168.
SARTINE.
Antoine de Sartine, comte d'AIby (1729-1801). Lieutenant general of police under Louis XV. He took measures to improve the street-cleaning and I'llumination of Paris.

171.
COMPTOIRS.
The
comptoirs
(trading posts) of India. The five cities of India retained by France after the Treaty of Paris (1763): Pondichery, Yanaon, Mahé, Karikal and Chandernagor. Were ceded to India by the Treaty of Delhi (1956).

175.
PARAZ.
Albert Paraz, writer born in 1899. Author of
Bitry, Le Rot tout nu, Le Gala des vaches, etc.