Barr, J. 1974 ‘Philo of Bylos and his “Phoenician History”’ ,
Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library
, 57: 17–68
Barré, M. 1983
The God List in the Treaty between Hannibal and Philip V of Macedonia: A Study in Light of the Ancient Near Eastern Treaty Tradition
. Baltimore
Barreca, F. 1969 ‘Lo scavi del tempio’, in Acquaro et al. (eds.) 1969, 9–46
——1979
La Sardegna fenicia e punica
. Sassari
——1985 ‘Il giuramento di Annibale. Considerazioni storico-religiose’, in G. Sotgiu (ed.) 1985
Studi in onore di Giovanni Lilliu per il suo settantesimo compleanno
. Cagliari. 72–81
——1986
La civiltà fenicia-punica in Sardegna
. Sassari
——1987 ‘The City and the Site of Tharros’, in Barnett & Mendleson (eds.) 1987. 25–6
Barruol, G. 1976 ‘La résistance des substrats préromains en Gaule méridionale’, in
Editura academiei Române Les Belles Lettres
. Bucharest. 389–405
Bartoloni, P., et al. (eds.) 1983
Atti del I Congresso internazionale di studi fenici e punici: Roma, 5–10 novembre 1979
. 3 vols. Rome
Basch, L. 1969 ‘Phoenician Oared Ships’,
Mariner’s Mirror
, 55: 139–62, 227–45
——1977 ‘Trières grecques, phéniciennes et égyptiennes’,
JHS
, 97: 1–10
——1980 ‘Outriggers and Galleys’,
Mariner’s Mirror
, 66, 4: 359–66
Baslez, M. F., & Briquel Chatonnet, F. 1991 ‘De l’oral à l’écrit: le bilinguilisme des Phéniciens en Grèce’, in Baurain, Bonnet & Krings (eds.) 1991, 371–386
Batty, R. 2000 ‘Mela’s Phoenician Geography’,
JRS
, 90: 70–94
Baurain, C. 1988 ‘Le Rôle de Chypre dans la fondation de Carthage’, in Lipiński (ed.) 1988, 15–28
Baurain, C., Bonnet, C., & Krings, V. (eds.) 1991
Phoinikeia Grammata: Lire et écrire en Mediterranean
. Leuven
Bayet, J. 1926
Les origines de l’Hercule romain
. Paris
Bearzot, C. 2002 ‘Filisto di Siracusa’, in Vattuone (ed.) 2002, 91–136
Bechtold, B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,
BaBesch
, 82, 1: 51–76
——2008
Observations on the Amphora Repertoire of Middle Punic Carthage
. Ghent
Bellen, H. 1985
Metus Gallicus, metus Punicus. Zum Furchtmotiv in der römischen Republik
. Mainz
Bello Jiménez, V. 2005
Allende las columnas: la presencia cartaginesa en el Atlántico entre los siglos VI y III a.C
. Las Palmas
Benichou-Safar, H. 1982
Les tombes puniques de Carthage: topographie, structures, inscriptions et rites funéraires
. Paris
——2004
Le tophet de Salammbô à Carthage: essai de reconstitution.
Rome
Bernal, M. 1987
Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization
, vol. 1. Piscataway
——1990
Cadmean Letters: The Transmission of the Alphabet to the Aegean and Further West before 1400 B.C
. Grand Rapids
Bernardini, P. 1993 ‘La Sardegna e i fenici. Appunti sulla colonizzazione’,
Rivista di studi fenici
, 21: 29–81 ——2005 ‘Melqart di Sardò’, in Bernardini & Zucca (eds.) 2005, 125–43
Bernardini, P., & Zucca, R. (eds.) 2005
Il Mediterraneo di Herakles. Studi e ricerche
. Rome
Berthier, A., & Charlier, R. 1952–5
Le Sanctuaire punique d’El Hofra à Constantine
. 2 vols. Paris
Bickerman, E. 1944 ‘An Oath of Hannibal’,
Transactions of the American Philological Association
, 75: 87–102; repr. in Bickerman 1985, 257–72
——1952a ‘Origines gentium’,
CP
, 47: 65–81, 375–97
——1952b ‘Hannibal’s Covenant’,
AJP
, 73: 1–23
——1985
Religions and Politics in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods
. Como
Bierling, M., & Gitin, S. (eds.) 2002
The Phoenicians in Spain: An Archaeological Review of the Eighth–Sixth Centuries B.C.E
. Winona Lake
Bikai, P. 1978
The Pottery of Tyre
. Warminster
Birley, A. 1988
Septimius Severus: The African Emperor
. 2nd edn. London
Bisi, A. M. 1988 ‘Chypre et les premiers temps de Carthage’, in Lipiński (ed.) 1988, 29–42
——1991 ‘Les plus anciens objets inscrits en phénicien et en araméen retrouvées en Grèce: le typologie et leur rôle’, in Baurain, Bonnet & Krings (eds.) 1991, 277–82
Blázquez Martinez, J. 1976 ‘Consideraciones historicas en torno a los supuestos retratos bárquidas en las monedas cartaginesas’,
Numismatica
, 26: 138–43
Blázquez Martinez, J., & García-Gelabert Pérez, G. 1991 ‘Los Bàrquidas en la Peninsula Iberica’, in Acquaro et al. (eds.) 1991, 27–50
Bloch, R. 1975 ‘Hannibal et les dieux de Rome’,
Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
, 119: 14–25
——1983 ‘L’alliance étrusco-punique de Pyrgi et la politique religieuse de la république romaine à l’égard de l’Etrurie et de Carthage’, in Bartoloni et al. (eds.) 1983, 2: 397–400
Blomqvist, J. 1979
The Date and Origin of the Greek Version of Hanno’s Periplus
. Lund
Boardman, J. 1980,
The Greeks Overseas
. 3rd edn. London
——2002 ‘Al Mina: The Study of a Site’,
AWE
, 1, 2: 315–33
——2004 ‘Copies of Pottery: By and For Whom?’, in Lomas (ed.) 2004, 149–62
——2005 ‘Al Mina: Notes and Queries’,
AWE
, 4, 2: 278–91
——2006 ‘Early Euboean Settlements in the Carthage Area’,
OJA
, 25, 2: 195–200
Bondì, S. F. 1995a ‘Les Institutions, l’organisation politique et administrative’, in Krings (ed.) 1995, 290–302
——1995b ‘La Société’, in Krings (ed.) 1995, 345–53
——1999 ‘Carthage, Italy and the Vth Century Problem’, in Pisano (ed.) 1999, 39–48
Bonnet, C. 1986 ‘Le culte de Melqart à Carthage. Un cas de conservatisme religieux’, in Bonnet, Lipiński & Marchetti (eds.) 1986, 209–22
——1988
Melqart: cultes et mythes de l’Héraclès tyrien en Méditerranée
. Leuven
——2005 ‘Melqart in occidente: percorsi di appropriazione e di culturazione’, in Bernardini & Zucca (eds.) 2005, 17–28
Bonnet, C., Lipiński, E., & Marchetti, P. (eds.) 1986
Religio Phoenicia
. Namur
Bonzani, R. M. 1992 ‘Territorial Boundaries, Buffer Zones and Sociopolitical Complexity: A Case Study of the Nuraghi on Sardinia’, in Tykot & Andrews (eds.) 1992, 210–20
Bordreuil, P., & Ferjaoui, A. 1988 ‘A propos des “fils de Tyr” et des “fils de Carthage”’ , in Lipiński (ed.) 1988, 137–42
Bradley, G. 2005 ‘The Cult of Hercules in Central Italy’, in Rawlings & Bowden (eds.) 2005, 129–51
Braun, T. 2004 ‘Hecataeus’ Knowledge of the Western Mediterranean’, in Lomas (ed.) 2004, 287–347
Brecht, B. 1951 Letter eventually published in
Offener Brief an die deutschen Künstler und Schriftsteller
. Frankfurt, 1997
Breglia Pulci Doria, L. 2005 ‘La Sardegna arcaica e la presenza greca: nuove riflessioni sulla tradizione letteraria’, in Bernardini & Zucca (eds.) 2005, 61–86
Briese, C., & Docter, R. 1992 ‘Der phönizische Skyphos: Adaption einer griechischen Trinkschale’,
Madrider Mitteilungen
, 33: 25–69
Briquel, D. 2000 ‘La propagande d’Hannibal au début de la deuxième guerre punique: remarques sur les fragments de Silènos de Kalèaktè’, in
Actas del IV Congreso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Púnicos, Cádiz, 2 al 6 de octubre de 1995,
vol. 1. Cadiz. 123–7
——2003 ‘Hannibal sur les pas d’Herakles: le voyage mythologique et son utilisation dans l’histoire’, in H. Duchene (ed.) 2003
Voyageurs et antiquité classique
. Dijon. 51–60
——2004 ‘Sur un fragment de Silènos de Kalèactè (le songe d’Hannibal, F Gr Hist 175, F 8). À propos d’un article récent’,
Ktêma
, 29: 145–57
Brixhe, C. 1991 ‘De la phonologie à l’écriture: quelques aspects de l’adaptation de l’alphabet cananéen au grec’, in Baurain, Bonnet & Krings (eds.) 1991, 313–56
Brizzi, G. 1983 ‘Ancora su Annibale e l’Ellenismo: la fondazione di Artaxata l’iscrizione di Era Lacinia’, in Bartoloni et al. (eds.) 1983, 1: 243–51
——1984a
Annibale, strategia e immagine
. Perugia. 1984
——1984b
Studi di storia annibalica
. Faenza
——1991 ‘Gli studi annibalici’, in Acquaro et al. (eds.) 1991, 59–65
——1995 ‘L’Armée et la guerre’, in Krings (ed.) 1995, 303–15
——2000
Annibale
. Rome
Broughton, T. 1951–6
The Magistrates of the Roman Republic
. 2 vols. New York
Brunt, P. 1971
Italian Manpower 225 BC–AD 14
. Oxford
Bunnens, G. 1979
L’expansion phénicienne en Méditerranée
. Brussels
——1986 ‘Aspects religieux de l’expansion phénicienne’, in Bonnet, Lipiński & Marchetti (eds.) 1986, 119–25
Burkert, W. 1992
The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age
, tr. M. Pinder & W. Burkert. Cambridge, Mass.
Byron, George Gordon, Lord 1988
Don Juan
, ed. T. Steffan. London
Camps, G. 1979 ‘Les Numides et la civilisation punique’,
Antiquités Africaines
, 14: 43–53
Campus, A. 2001 ‘Considerazioni su Melqart, Annibale e la Sardegna’,
La Parola del passato: rivista di studi antichi
, 56: 419–435
——2003a ‘Silio Italico, Punica, II, 391–456: Lo scudo di Annibale’, in
Atti della Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti Classe di scienze morali storiche e filologiche
. Rome
——2003b ‘Annibale ed Hera Lacinia’,
La Parola del passato: rivista di studi antichi
, 58: 292–308
——2005 ‘Herakles, Alessandro, Annibale’, in Bernardini & Zucca (eds.) 2005, 200–221
——2006 ‘Circolazione di modelli e di artigiani in età punica’,
Africa Romana
, 16, 1: 185–96
Capomacchia, A. 1991 ‘L’avidità dei Fenici’, in Acquaro et al. (eds.) 1991, 266–9
——1995 ‘Le anfore di Hannibal’, in
Actes du troisième congrès international des études phéniciennes et puniques, Tunis 11–16 Novembre 1991
. Tunis. 249–53
——2000 ‘Hannibal e il prodigio’, in
Actas del IV Congreso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Púnicos, Cádiz, 2 al 6 de octubre de 1995,
vol. 2. Cadiz. 569–71
Carradice, I. A., & La Niece, S. 1988 ‘The Libyan War and Coinage: A New Hoard and the Evidence of Metal Analysis’,
Numismatic Chronicle
, 148: 33–52
Caruso, E. 2003 ‘Lilibeo–Marsala: le fortificazioni puniche e medievali’, in
Atti di Quartet Giornate Internazionale di Studi sull’area Elima
. Pisa. 173–226
Casquero, M. 2002 ‘El exótico culto a Hércules en el Ara Máxima’, in
La Revista de Estudios Latinos
, 2: 65–106
Casson, L. 1971
Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World
. Princeton
Chadwick, J. 1976
The Mycenaean World
. Cambridge
Champion, C. 2004
Cultural Politics in Polybius’ Histories
. Berkeley
Charles, M., & Rhodan, P. 2007 ‘
Magister Elephantorum:
A Reappraisal of Hannibal’s Use of Elephants’,
Classical World
, 100, 4: 363–89
Chávez Tristán, F., & Ceballos, M. 1992 ‘L’influence phénico punique sur l’iconographie des frappes locales de la Peninsule Ibérique’, in Hackens & Moucharte (eds.) 1992, 167–94
Chelbi, F. 1992.
Céramique à vernis noir de Carthage
. Tunis
Cipriani, G. 1984
L’epifania di Annibale. Saggio introduttivo a Livio Annales, XXI
. Bari
——1986 ‘Plutarco, Annibale e lo statuto del comandante guercio e fraudolento’, in
Annali della facoltà di lettere e filosofia
, 29: 19–38
Clark, A. 2007
Divine Qualities: Cult and Community in Republican Rome
. Oxford
Clifford, R. 1990 ‘Phoenician Religion’,
BASOR
, 279: 55–64
Coarelli, F. 1988
Il foro Boario dalle origini alla fine della Repubblica
. Rome
Coldstream, J. 1982 ‘Greeks and Phoenicians in the Aegean’, in Niemeyer (ed.) 1982, 261–72
——2003
Geometric Greece
, 2nd edn. London
Coldstream, J., & Bikai, P. 1988 ‘Early Greek Pottery in Tyre and Cyprus: Some Preliminary Comparisons’,
Report of the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus
, 1988/2: 35–44
Colonna, G. 1987 ‘Etruria e Lazio nell’eta dei Tarquinii’, in M. Cristofani (ed.) 1987
Etruria e Lazio Arcaico
. Rome. 55–66
——1989–90 ‘Le iscrizioni votive etrusche’,
Scienze dell’antichità
, 3–4: 875–903
Cornell, T. 1995
The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars, c.1000–264 BC
. London
——1996 ‘Hannibal’s Legacy: The Effects of the Hannibalic War on Italy’, in Cornell, Rankov & Sabin (eds.) 1996, 97–117
Cornell, T., Rankov, B., & Sabin, P. (eds.) 1996
The Second Punic War: A Reappraisal
. London
Crawford, M. 1985
Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic: Italy and the Mediterranean Economy
. London
——1993
The Roman Republic
. 2nd edn. Cambridge, Mass.
Cristofani, M. 1979 ‘Recent Advances in Etruscan Epigraphy and Language’, in D. Ridgway & F. Ridgway (eds.) 1979
Italy before the Romans
. London. 373–412
Cross, F. 1972a ‘The Stele Dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad’,
BASOR
, 205: 36–42
——1972b ‘An Interpretation of the Nora Stone’,
BASOR
, 208: 13–19
——1980 ‘Newly Found Inscriptions in Old Canaanite and Early Phoenician Scripts’,
BASOR
, 238: 1–20
——1987 ‘The Oldest Phoenician Inscription from Sardinia: The Fragmentary Stele from Nora’, in D. Golomb (ed.) 1987
Semitic and Egyptian Studies Presented to Thomas O. Lambdin
. Winona Lake. 65–74