Bold (42 page)

29
 James Stewart, “Amazon Says Long Term and Means It,”
New York Times
, December 16, 2011,
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/17/business/at-amazon-jeff-bezos-talks-long-term-and-means-it.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
.

30
 “Utah Technology Council Hall of Fame—Jeff Bezos Keynote,” Utah Technology Council, published online April 30, 2013,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-0KJF3uLP8
.

31
 “About Blue Origin,” Blue Origin, July 2014,
http://www.blueorigin.com/about/
.

32
 Alistair Barr, “Amazon testing delivery by drone, CEO Bezos Says,”
USA Today
, December 2, 2013, referencing a
60 Minutes
interview with Jeff Bezos,
http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/12/01/amazon-bezos-drone-delivery/3799021/
.

33
 Jay Yarow, “Jeff Bezos' Shareholder Letter Is Out,”
Business Insider
, April 10, 2014,
http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-shareholder-letter-2014-4
.

34
 “Larry Page Biography,” Academy of Achievement, January 21, 2011,
http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/pag0bio-1
.

35
 Marcus Wohlsen, “Google Without Larry Page Would Not Be Like Apple Without Steve Jobs,”
Wired
, October 18, 2013,
http://www.wired.com/2013/10/google-without-page/
.

36
 Google Inc., 2012, Form 10-K 2012, retrieved from SEC Edgar website:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312513028362/d452134d10k.htm
.

37
 Larry Page, “Beyond Today—Larry Page—Zeitgeist 2012,” Google Zeitgeist, Zeitgeist Minds, May 22, 2012,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0WH-CoFwn4
.

38
 Matt Ridley,
The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves
(New York: HarperCollins, 2010).

39
 Larry Page, “Google I/O 2013: Keynote,” Google I/O 2013, Google Developers, May 15, 2013,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pmPa_KxsAM
.

40
 Joann Muller, “No Hands, No Feet: My Unnerving Ride in Google's Driverless Car,”
Forbes
, March 21, 2013,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2013/03/21/no-hands-no-feet-my-unnerving-ride-in-googles-driverless-car/
.

41
 Robert Hof, “10 Breakthrough Technologies 2013: Deep Learning,”
MIT Technology Review
, April 23, 2013,
http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/513696/deep-learning/
.

42
 Steven Levy, “Google's Larry Page on Why Moon Shots Matter,”
Wired
, January 17, 2013,
http://www.wired.com/2013/01/ff-qa-larry-page/all/
.

43
 Larry Page, “Beyond Today—Larry Page—Zeitgeist 2012.”

44
 Larry Page, “Google+: Calico Announcement,” Google+, September 2013,
https://plus.google.com/+LarryPage/posts/Lh8SKC6sED1
.

45
 Harry McCracken and Lev Grossman, “Google vs. Death,”
Time
, September 30, 2013,
http://time.com/574/google-vs-death/
.

46
 Jason Calacanis, “#googlewinseverything (part 1),”
Launch
, October 30, 2013,
http://blog.launch.co/blog/googlewinseverything-part-1.html
.

1
 Netcraft Web Server Survey, Netcraft, Accessed June 2014,
http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/
.

2
 AI with Jake Nickell and Jacob DeHart.

3
 Jeff Howe, “The Rise of Crowdfunding,”
Wired
, 2006,
http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds_pr.html
.

4
 Rob Hof, “Second Life's First Millionaire,”
Bloomberg Businessweek
, November 26, 2006,
http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2006/11/second_lifes_fi.html
.

5
 Jeff Howe, “Crowdsourcing: A Definition,”
Crowdsourcing
,
http://crowdsourcing.typepad.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html
.

6
 “Statistics,” Kiva,
http://www.kiva.org/about/stats
.

7
 Rob Walker, “The Trivialities and Transcendence of Kickstarter,”
New York Times
, August 5, 2011,
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/07/magazine/the-trivialities-and-transcendence-of-kickstarter.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
.

8
 “Stats,” Kickstarter,
https://www.kickstarter.com/help/stats
.

9
 Doug Gross, “Google boss: Entire world will be online by 2020,” CNN, April 15, 2013,
http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/15/tech/web/eric-schmidt-internet/
.

10
 “Global entertainment and media outlook 2013–2017,” PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2013,
https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/global-entertainment-media-outlook/
.

11
 Freelancer Case Study based on a series of AIs.

12
 Quoted from AI: Matt Barrie.

13
 Tongal Case Study based on a series of AIs with James DeJulio.

14
 reCAPTCHA and Duolingo Case Study based on a series of AIs with Luis von Ahn.

15
 During the completion of this book, a Bay Area startup called Vicarious wrote an AI program able to solve (i.e., read) CAPTCHAs with an accuracy of 90 percent. As mentioned earlier, “crowdsourcing” is an interim solution until such AI comes fully online. This is a relevant example of that point.

16
 “FAQ—Overview,” Amazon Mechanical Turk,
Amazon.com
, Inc., 2014,
https://www.mturk.com/mturk/help?helpPage=overview
.

17
 “What is Fiverr?,”
Fiverr.com
, 2014,
http://support.fiverr.com/hc/en-us/articles/201500776-What-is-Fiverr-
.

18
 Unless otherwise noted, all Matt Barrie quotes come from a 2013 AI.

19
 AIs with Marcus Shingles, 2013–2014.

20
 AI with Andrew Vaz.

21
 “About Us,”
Freelancer.com
, 2014,
https://www.freelancer.com/info/about.php
.

22
 AI with Barrie.

23
 Ibid.

24
 AI with James DeJulio, 2013.

25
 AI with Barrie.

26
 Ibid.

27
 “Vicarious AI passes first Turing Test: CAPTCHA,” Vicarious, October 27, 2013,
http://news.vicarious.com/post/65316134613/vicarious-ai-passes-first-turing-test-captcha
.

1
 “Statistics about Business Size (including Small Business) from the U.S. Census Bureau,” Statistics of US Businesses, United States Census Bureau, 2007,
https://www.census.gov/econ/smallbus.html
.

2
 “Statistics about Business Size (including Small Business) from the U.S. Census Bureau.”

3
 Devin Thorpe, “Why Crowdfunding Will Explode in 2013,”
Forbes
, October 15, 2012,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/devinthorpe/2012/10/15/get-ready-here-it-comes-crowdfunding-will-explode-in-2013/
.

4
 Victoria Silchenko, “Why Crowdfunding Is The Next Big Thing: Let's Talk Numbers,”
Huffington Post
, October 22, 2012,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/victoria-silchenko/why-crowdfunding-is-the-n_b_1990230.html
.

5
 Laurie Kulikowski, “How Equity Crowdfunding Can Swell to a $300 Billion Industry,”
The Street
, January 14, 2013,
http://www.thestreet.com/story/11811196/1/how-equity-crowdfunding-can-swell-to-a-300-billion-industry.html
.

6
 “Floating Pool Project Is Fully Funded And New Yorkers Everywhere Should Celebrate,”
Huffington Post
, July 12, 2013,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/12/floating-pool-project-is-fully-funded_n_3587814.html
.

7
 AI with Joshua Klein, 2013.

8
 Dan Leone, “Planetary Resources Raises $1.5M for Crowdfunded Space Telescope,”
Space.com
, July 14, 2013,
http://www.space.com/21953-planetary-resources-crowdfunded-space-telescope.html
.

9
 For a good breakdown of these rules, please see
http://www.cfira.org
.

10
 AI with Chance Barnett, 2013.

11
 This information sits on a banner across the top of their landing page:
https://www.crowdfunder.com
, our numbers were gathered in June 2014.

12
 See
http://blog.angel.co/post/59121578519/wow-uber
.

13
 Tomio Geron, “AngelList, With SecondMarket, Opens Deals to Small Investors for as Little as $1K,”
Forbes
, December 19, 2012,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2012/12/19/angellist-with-secondmarket-opens-deals-to-small-investors-for-as-little-as-1k/
.

14
 John McDermott, “Pebble ‘Smartwatch' Funding Soars on Kickstarter,”
Inc.
, April 20, 2012,
http://www.inc.com/john-mcdermott/pebble-smartwatch-funding-sets-kickstarter-record.html
.

15
 Dara Kerr, “World's first public space telescope gets Kickstarter goal,” CNET, July 1, 2013,
http://www.cnet.com/news/worlds-first-public-space-telescope-gets-kickstarter-goal/
.

16
 McDermott, “Pebble ‘Smartwatch' Funding Soars on Kickstarter.”

17
 See
https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/let-s-build-a-goddamn-tesla-museum--5
.

18
 Kerr, “World's first public space telescope gets Kickstarter goal.”

19
 Cade Metz, “Facebook Buys VR Startup Oculus for $2 Billion,”
Wired
, March 25, 2014,
http://www.wired.com/2014/03/facebook-acquires-oculus/
.

20
 All Indiegogo stats come from AIs with founders Danae Ringelmann and Slava Rubin, conducted in 2013.

21
 Ibid.

22
 Ibid.

23
 AI with Eric Migicovsky, 2013.

24
 See
www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/abrahamlin109275.html
.

25
 Eric Gilbert and Tanushree Mitra, “The Language that Gets People to Give: Phrases that Predict Success on Kickstarter,”
CSCW'14
, February 15, 2014,
http://comp.social.gatech.edu/papers/cscw14.crowdfunding.mitra.pdf
.

26
 AI with Ringelmann and Rubin, 2013.

27
 AI with Migicovsky.

28
 AI with Ringelmann and Rubin.

29
 AI with Migicovsky.

1
 Clay Shirky, “How cognitive surplus will change the world,” TED, June 2010,
https://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_world
.

2
 The term MTP was first described by Salim Ismail in his recent book
Exponential Organizations: Why new organizations are ten times better, faster, cheaper than yours (and what to do about it)
to describe a unique, powerful, and simple statement of your mission. Google's MTP is to “Organize the world's information.” TED's MTP is “ideas worth spreading.”

3
 This is sometimes called Joy's Law,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy's_Law_(management)
.

4
 For DIY drones, see Chris Anderson, “How I Accidentally Kickstarted the Domestic Drone Boom,”
Wired
, June 22, 2012,
http://www.wired.com/2012/06/ff_drones
. For Local Motors,
localmotors.com
.

5
 AI with Gina Bianchini, 2014.

6
 Joshua Klein,
Reputation Economics: Why Who You Know
Is Worth More Than What You Have
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan Trade, 2013).

7
 All Klein quotes come from an AI with Joshua Klein, 2014.

8
 AI with Bianchini.

9
 James Glanz, “What Else Lurks Out There? New Census of the Heavens Aims to Find Out,”
New York Times
, March 17, 1998,
http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/17/science/what-else-lurks-out-there-new-census-of-the-heavens-aims-to-find-out.html
.

10
 All Kevin Schawinski quotes come from an AI conducted in 2013.

11
 For a breakdown of Galaxy Zoo's history, see
http://www.galaxyzoo.org/#/story
.

12
 All Jay Rogers quotes come from a series of AIs conducted in 2013 and 2014.

13
 Reena Jana, “Local Motors: A New Kind of Car Company,”
Bloomberg Businessweek
, November 3, 2009,
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2009/id20091028_848755.htm
.

14
 Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Unemployment Rate for the 50 Largest Cities,” United States Department of Labor, April 18, 2014,
http://www.bls.gov/lau/lacilg10.htm
.

15
 AI with Bianchini.

16
 Chris Anderson, “In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits,”
Wired
, January 25, 2010,
http://www.wired.com/2010/01/ff_newrevolution/all/
.

17
 Megan Wollerton, “GE and Local Motors team up to make small-batch appliances,” CNET, March 21, 2014,
http://www.cnet.com/news/ge-and-local-motors-team-up-to-make-small-batch-appliances/
.

18
 All Jack Hughes quotes come from an AI conducted in 2014.

19
 For a breakdown of the TopCoder rating system, see
http://community.topcoder.com/longcontest/?module=Static&d1=support&d2=ratings
.