Blue: The LAPD and the Battle to Redeem American Policing (58 page)

“would have been okay”
: Curtis Woodle interview.

watched on his TV screen as an L.A. County Sheriff’s Department bus
: Ibid.

Alfred Lomas, Thursday, April 30, 1992, Florencia 13 Crack House

felt like he was at a swap meet
: Alfred Lomas interview.

“fearsome dope fiend”
: Ibid.

Maravilla Projects
: Ibid.

it “was just an honor to be a member”
: Ibid.

“earning a Harvard MBA with honors”
: Ibid.

“super” or “regional” gang
: National Drug Intelligence Center,
Attorney General’s Report to Congress on the Growth of Violent Street Gangs in Suburban Areas
.

Charlie Beck, Thursday, April 30, 1992, Los Angeles Coliseum

twelve-hour midnight shift
: Charlie Beck interview.

Tom Bradley, Thursday, April 30, 1992, Los Angeles

federal troops
:
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 63, 72, 76, 85, 92–93, 95, 102–3, and 120; “Where Were L.A. Police When the Rioting Began?”; “Riots in Los Angeles: The Overview; Cleanup Begins in Los Angeles; Troops Enforce Surreal Calm,”
NYT
, May 3, 1992.

three thousand soldiers . . . fifteen hundred U.S. Marines
: “Riots in Los Angeles: The Overview; Cleanup Begins in Los Angeles; Troops Enforce Surreal Calm”; “U.S. Army, Marine Troops Withdraw from Los Angeles,”
LAT
, May 10, 1992.

one thousand FBI agents, U.S. Marshals . . . border patrol agents
:
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 98; “Bush Pledges Enough Force to Quell Riots,”
LAT
, May 2, 1992.

“a halting plea for peace”
:
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 98.

Andre Christian, Saturday, May 2, 1992, Jordan Downs

pulled his car into Jordan Downs
: Andre Christian interview.

it was cleanup time
:
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 120–23, 131–32, 137, and 140–41; Hazen, ed.,
Inside the L.A. Riots
, 148.

self-congratulation time, party time
: Charlie Beck interview;
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 139 and 142; “Uprising: Hip Hop & the LA Riots.”

Curtis Woodle, Saturday, May 2, 1992, Florence and Normandie

through the intersection of Florence and Normandie
: Curtis Woodle interview.

“What’s with this guy?”
: Ibid.

“Hey, man”
: Ibid.

Charlie Beck, Saturday, May 2, 1992, Coliseum

shutting down the Coliseum command post
: Charlie Beck interview.

over 125 cities
: “40 Years After the Riots, King’s Vision ‘Unfinished,’ ”
USA Today
, January 20, 2008; “The Legacy of the 1968 Riots,”
Guardian
, April 4, 2008.

President George H. W. Bush . . . flew out to L.A.
:
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 72 and 134.

Connie Rice, Saturday, May 2, 1992, Jordan Downs

a “coal black” classmate . . . “marched right up”
: Rice,
Power Concedes Nothing
, 7.

“hope and achievement”
: Connie Rice interview.

Phillip Leon Rice, Sr.
: Rice,
Power Concedes Nothing
, 8 and 23.

Condoleezza Rice
: Rice,
Extraordinary, Ordinary People
, 184–88.

Judge Damon J. Keith
: Rice,
Power Concedes Nothing
, 82.

“I
wanted
to be a civil rights lawyer”
: Connie Rice interview.

“when you sit down with the Bloods and Crips”
: Ibid.

“a research assistant”
: Ibid.

stories . . . about the dogs of the LAPD’s sixteen-man K-9 Unit
: Ibid.

bitten nine hundred people
: “A Biting Controversy”; “LAPD, Dogs and Videotape: Police Commission Must Fully Examine Allegations About Police Dog Attacks,”
LAT
, December 27, 1991.

Philadelphia . . . bitten totaled just twenty
: “LAPD, Dogs and Videotape: Police Commission Must Fully Examine Allegations About Police Dog Attacks.”

LAPD dogs sunk their teeth into 80 percent of the suspects
: “An LAPD Critic Comes in from the Cold”; Connie Rice interview.

“None of us opposes”
: “Police Commission Rejects Activists’ Call for Police Dog Ban,”
LAT
, January 8, 1992.

Gates had “fiercely defended” the K-9 Unit
: Ibid.

“these beautiful German shepherds”
: Connie Rice interview.

“feeding time”
: “Give Us Hard Data on DWB Stops,”
LAT
, May 3, 2000.

“one of the greatest experiences ever”
: “Video of Police Dog Attack on Unarmed Theft Suspect Prompts Panel Inquiry,”
LAT
, December 12, 1991.

“If you get the bite rate down from 80 percent to below 10 percent”
: Connie Rice interview.

“sadomasochistic behavior”
: Ibid.

“Give me the bad news”
: Ibid.

“underclass discount”
: Ibid.

Anthony De Los Reyes, May 1992, Los Angeles

Gates . . . “very, very powerful”
: Anthony De Los Reyes interview.

“It was unbelievable”
: Ibid.

“I was there”
: Michael Yamaki interview.

45 dead . . . 2,300 injured
:
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 130.

Insured losses totaled $1 billion
: Ibid.

deadliest and costliest U.S. civil disturbance of the twentieth century
: Ibid., 49 and 130; “The Bum Blockade, Zoot Suit Riot and Bloody Christmas.”

federal consent decree
: “Federal Judge Ends LAPD Consent Decree,” AP, July 17, 2009; Stone, et al.,
Policing Los Angeles Under a Consent Decree
, Executive Summary.

by a two-thirds majority L.A. voters approved the charter amendment
: “Education Bonds Pass; Overall Trend Is Rejection with AM—California Senate, BJT,” AP, June 3, 1992; “Elections ’92: LAPD Disciplinary System to Undergo Major Restructuring,”
LAT
, June 4, 1992;
Los Angeles Times
,
Understanding the Riots
, 143.

PART TWO: SOMETHING BORROWED

Daryl Gates and Willie Williams, June 1992, Los Angeles

Daryl Gates was forced to resign
: Anthony De Los Reyes interview; Michael Yamaki interview.

Charter Amendment F
: Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department,
Report of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department
, 215; “Elections ’92: LAPD Disciplinary System to Undergo Major Restructuring,”
LAT
, June 4, 1992.

Willie L. Williams, the first black commissioner of Philadelphia Police Department
: “1st Black to Head Police Department Willie Williams Replaces Tucker,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, June 3, 1988; “The Fast-Rising Williams Seems a Popular Choice,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, June 4, 1988; “Say Goodbye to Hollywood,”
Philadelphia Weekly
, March 26, 1997.

first black police chief of Los Angeles
: “Willie Williams Takes Oath as New Police Chief,”
LAT
, June 27, 1992; “Give Willie Williams the Tools He Needs,”
LAT
, July 1, 1992.

not just as another cop, but as a hero
: “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace,”
LA Weekly
, February 28–March 6, 1997.

Campanile . . . standing ovation
: Ibid.; “Say Goodbye to Hollywood.”

Velvet Turtle
: “Williams’ Open Door Sends Signal,”
LAT
, August 16, 1992; “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace”; “Say Goodbye to Hollywood.”

sexual harassment and discrimination
: Connie Rice interview.

Juggling over two hundred requests for meetings
: “Tale of 2 Chiefs: Gates Takes Swipes as Williams Builds Bridges,”
LAT
, April 26, 1992.

two standing ovations at the Black Women’s Forum
: Ibid.

First Methodist Episcopal Church
: “Williams, in Tour of L.A., Promises Reforms, Healing,”
LAT
, April 17, 1992; “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace.”

“servant and son”
: “Williams, in Tour of L.A., Promises Reforms, Healing.”

Hollenbeck Youth Center
: AP, April 17, 1992; “Williams, in Tour of L.A., Promises Reforms, Healing”; “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace”; “Say Goodbye to Hollywood.”

The media coverage reflected their enthusiasm
: “Philadelphia Chief to Head LAPD,”
LAT
, April 16, 1992; “Williams, in Tour of L.A., Promises Reforms, Healing.”

“citizens, to hold me accountable”
: “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace”; “Say Goodbye to Hollywood.”

“So who’s gonna be the first female police chief in this city?”
: “Williams, in Tour of L.A., Promises Reforms, Healing”; “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace”; “Say Goodbye to Hollywood.”

World War II heroes
: “Why Chief Willie Williams Deserves Five More Years,”
LAT
, December 22, 1996.

double-breasted business suits and power ties
: “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace”; Reese, “The Rise and Fall of a Public Leader”; “Willie Williams Takes Oath as New Police Chief,”
LAT
, June 27, 1992.

the public as his “customer base”
: “Officer Down, Willie Williams’ Fall from Grace.”

Gates, who loved to lash out at his critics
: “Willie Williams Takes Oath as New Police Chief.”