Blood and Politics (104 page)

35.
Attitudes About Homosexuality and Gay Marriage
, American Enterprise Institute, June 3, 2008. Gallup asked: “Do you feel homosexuality should be considered an acceptable alternative lifestyle or not?” This question was asked over two decades. In 1982, 51 percent said not acceptable. In 2008, 40 percent said not acceptable.

20. Elections 1988: David Duke and Pat Robertson Out on the Hustings

  
1.
Clyde Wilcox,
God’s Warrior: The Christian Right in Twentieth Century America
(Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), pp. 145–47; “Super Tuesday Primaries: The Results,”
The New York Times
, March 10, 1988, p. 11. Robertson’s aggregate vote on Super Tuesday was 589,594.

  
2.
Alec Foege,
The Empire God Built: Inside Pat Robertson’s Media Machine
(New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1996), p. 38.

  
3.
Ibid., pp. 15, 27, 28 (for American Center founding) and pp. 28, 184–85 (for Regents University); Pat Robertson,
The New Millennium
, 1990; Robertson,
The New World Order
, 1991; Robertson,
The Secret Kingdom
, 1992; all three published in one volume by Inspirational Press, 1994.

  
4.
Jerome L. Himmelstein,
To the Right: The Transformation of American Conservatism
(University of California Press, 1990), pp. 200–204.

  
5.
Senator A. Willis Robertson, signatory, “The Southern Manifesto,”
Congressional Record
, 84th Congress Second Session, vol. 102, part 4, March 12, 1956, Government Printing Office 4459–4460. The Southern Manifesto promised to reverse the Supreme Court decision in
Brown
.

  
6.
Vicki Kemper, “Looking for a Promised Land,”
Sojourners
magazine, June 24, 1988.

  
7.
Robertson,
The New World Order
(Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991), pp. 68–74; Michael Lind, “Rev. Robertson’s Grand International Conspiracy Theory,”
The New York Review of Books
, February 2, 1995; Gustav Niebuhr, “Pat Robertson Says He Intended No Anti-Semitism in Book He Wrote Four Years Ago,”
The New York Times
, March 4, 1995; Daniel Levitas, “A.D.L. and the Christian Right,”
The Nation
, June 19, 1995.

  
8.
Robertson,
The New World Order
, pp. 120–28; “Pat Robertson: Extremist,” People for the American Way, n.d., p. 13; Skipp Porteous, “The World According to Pat Robertson,”
Reform Judaism
, Spring 1993.

  
9.
Editorial,
The Spotlight
, May 12, 1983 (described in detail Liberty Lobby’s differences with Robertson); Cornelius Vanderbreggen, “Christian Scholar Interprets What Bible Says About Israel,”
The Spotlight
, July 4, 1983 (and Vanderbreggen articles in the July 11, July 18, July 25, August 1, August 8, and August 15, 1983, editions).

10.
Joe Brennan, “Televangelist Might Be Wild Card in GOP Primaries,”
The Spotlight
, August 31, 1987, pp. 10–11.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Ibid.; Editorial,
The Spotlight
, May 12, 1983.

13.
Michael Collins Piper, “Third Party Chairman Notes Encouraging Victories,”
The Spotlight
, February 8, 1988, pp. 16–18.

14.
David Duke for President Committee, ID no. C00215426, FEC Form 3P (2/83) Schedule B-P, January 29, 1988, p. 2, paid Howard Allen Enterprises $2,237; paid Cordite Fidelity (
The Spotlight
) $3,937; p.1, BC&E $3,000; ID no. C00215426, filing received March 8, 1988, p. 4, paid Liberty Lobby for list rental $3,212; ID no. C00215426, filing received April 25, 1988, p. 5, paid
The Spotlight
$3,626 for ad.

15.
David Duke for President Committee, ID no. C00215426, FEC Form 3P (2/83) Schedule B-P, filing for March 8, 1988, p. 6, paid Wm Rhodes $850 for labor; ID no. C00215426, filed April 25, 1988, Itemized Disbursements, p. 1, Matt Anger, $1,200; Allen Baylough Quakerstown, PA, $503; p. 3, Ralph Forbes $500 and $3,075; “Alan Baylough of the Eastern Pennsylvania Unit,”
National Alliance Bulletin
, May 1980; Matt Anger (writing under the alias Matt Malone), “Flawed from the Beginning,”
The Nationalist
3, no. 1
(February 1987), publication of the National Democratic Front; “Populist Party State Chairman, Arkansas Ralph Forbes,”
The Populist Observer
, October 1988; Floyd Cochran, interview with Leonard Zeskind, August 1992 (describes William Rhodes’s stint as an Aryan Nations videographer); Leonard Zeskind (unsigned),
Ballot-Box Bigotry: David Duke and the Populist Party
, Center for Democratic Renewal Background Report no. 7, p. 6.

16.
“Weekly Update,” February 1, 1988 (includes Philadephia meeting; S. Miller, personal communication to author, described question to Duke about Metzger).

17.
Joe Kirby, “Duke to Seek Presidency; Blasts IRS, Welfare at Rally,”
Marietta Daily Journal
, n.d., republished in
NAAWP News
46:2.

18.
“Elections Division Race Summary Report,” The State of Texas, Office of the Secretary of State, 1988 Democratic Primary Election, 04/04/88; “Percentages for 1988 Democratic and Republican Presidential Preference Primary,” Georgia Secretary of State, Elections Division, March 8, 1988.

19.
“Super Tuesday Primaries: The Results,”
The New York Times
, March 10, 1988, p. 11, votes for candidates in Louisiana; David Duke, speech before the Washington State Populist Party Convention, July 23, 1988, reproduced on videotape. Duke talked about his half-hour TV advertisement and noted that he had “won a majority of white votes” in several parishes.

20.
Willis Carto, “1988 and Beyond,”
The Populist Observer
, December 1987, p. 3.

21.
Paul Richert, “It’s Duke and Rambo,”
The Populist Observer
, April 1988, p. 2.

22.
Joe Brennan, “Populists Select Duke and Gritz,”
The Spotlight
, March 28, 1988; “Parker Replaces Gritz on the Populist Party Ticket,”
The Populist Observer
, May 1988, p. 4 (includes text of Gritz’s resignation letter); Merle Naylor, “Genuine American Hero Will Speak at LL Banquet,”
The Spotlight
, August 31, 1987.

23.
David Duke, “Duke Excerpts,”
The Populist Observer
, April 1988, p. 5.

24.
Paul Richert, “Overflow Crowd Attends New Jersey Convention,”
The Populist Observer
, May 1988, p. 3 (“immigration most important issue”); Jonathan Marcus,
The National Front and French Politics: The Resistable Rise of Jean-Marie Le Pen
(New York: New York University Press, 1995), pp. 61–67; Leonard Zeskind, “Success of French Fascists Inspires Counterparts in the United States,”
The Monitor
, July 1988 (author attended FN May Day march in Paris in 1988).

25.
“David Duke for President . . . Vote Populist Party,” brochure with Ten Point Program, 1988.

26.
Cartoon-illustration,
NAAWP News
45:2.

27.
Leonard Zeskind (unsigned), “White Supremacists Plan to Exploit Stock Market Decline,”
The Monitor
11 (April 1988).

28.
“Here’s Where David Duke and the Populist Party Stand on the Issues,” “Protect American Farmers and Workers . . . by instituting protective tariffs,” Populist Party campaign brochure with Duke on cover, n.d.

29.
Willis A. Carto, “Introduction,”
Profiles in Populism
(Washington, D.C.: Flag Press, 1982), pp. xiii–xiv. Carto wrote this book’s introduction and conclusion.

30.
Leonard Zeskind, “White Supremacists Plan to Exploit Stock Market Decline,”
The Monitor
11 (April 1988).

31.
David Duke, speech at Washington State Populist Party Convention, July 23, 1988, reproduced on videotape.

32.
“McIntyre Reelected as National Chairman,”
The Populist Observer
, April 1988, p. 7.

33.
Ibid.

34.
Cheryl Ronan, interview with author, March 1989 (Ronan was director of Civil Rights for Individuals in Fort Collins and provided author a complete overview of events); Leonard Zeskind (unsigned), “Identity Group Defeats Anti-Discrimination Ordinance,”
The Monitor
15 (May 1989); LaPorte Church of Christ’s Brief, Colorado Court of Appeals, 91 CA 1024, n.d. (includes exhibits).

35.
“Agreement for Political Broadcasts” and “Citizens of Fort Collins,” republished by Scriptures for America as “Exhibit One,” in
People . . . v. LaPorte Church of Christ,
Colorado Court of Appeals, 91 CA 1024; leaflets entitled “Human Rights or Special Rights,” “What Are the Goals of Homosexual Activists,” and “How Homosexual Legislation Could Affect”: all three concluded with “Vote No on Prop. #106,” n.d.

36.
People . . . v. LaPorte Church of Christ,
Colorado Court of Appeals, 91 CA 1024.

37.
Cheryl Ronan, interview with author.

38.
“Third Party Candidates Got Less Than 1 Percent of Vote,” Associated Press, November 22, 1988. Duke received 44,135 votes, or .04 percent of the vote.

21. Populist Party Meets in Chicago After David Duke Wins a Legislator’s Seat

  
1.
David Duke, fundraising letter sent to members of the Forsyth County Defense League, postmarked New Orleans, February 8, 1989.

  
2.
Leonard Zeskind (unsigned), “David Duke’s Louisiana Victory Is Reflection of a National Strategy,”
The Monitor
, May 1989.

  
3.
David Duke,
My Awakening
, pp. 609–12: “I learned that the psychology of victory becomes easier under the banner of a major party.”

  
4.
Howie Farrell, fund-raising letter, postmarked January 2, 1989.

  
5.
Bridges,
The Rise of David Duke
, p. 152.

  
6.
“The Unmasking of David Duke: Part One,” and “The Unmasking of David Duke: Part Two—A Tale of Two Young Men,” paid for by the John Treen Campaign Committee.

  
7.
Lance Hill, communication to author on multiple occasions.

  
8.
Michael Hoffman,
Research Magazine
, March 1989.

  
9.
Ed Fields, “Ring the Bells, Herald the Good News,”
The Truth at Last
333 (1989).

10.
John Frankowski, “David Duke . . . State Legislator,”
The Populist Observer
, March 1989, p. 2.

11.
Leonard Zeskind (unsigned), “Ballot-Box Bigotry: David Duke and the Populist Party,” Center for Democratic Renewal Background Report no. 7, p. 12. The Populist Party raised and spent $136,172 on Duke’s bid for president on their ticket; Duke raised and spent $406,569 on that campaign in 1988.

12.
Russ Bellant, “Populist Party National Executive Committee Meeting and David Duke Press Conference,” n.d.

13.
Michael Collins Piper, letter to Liberty Lobby Board of Policy Members, n.d., republished in “Wassallgate: The Pillaging of the Populist Party,” a Special Report from
The Spotlight
.

14.
Willis Carto, “Letter to the Members of the Executive Committee,” March 2, 1989, reproduced in “Wassallgate”: “In my view, the present problem has been caused by Don’s rejection of former liberal senator Gene McCarthy, who I had scheduled to come for nothing.”

15.
Willis Carto, letter “To the Members of the Executive Committee,” March 2, 1989.

16.
Paul Richert, “Vindication! Pittsburgh Jury Finds That Willis Carto and Liberty Lobby Libeled the Populist Party and Don Wassall,” reprint from the November/December 1997 issue of
The Nationalist Times
.

17.
Communication to author, report on Populist Party national committee meeting in Chicago, March 1989.

18.
David Duke, “Duke Gives Rousing Speech to Populists at Chicago Convention,”
The Populist Observer
, April 1989, p. 7.

19.
Leonard Zeskind, “Ballot-Box Bigotry,” pp. 12–13.

20.
Duke, “Duke Gives Rousing Speech,” p. 1.

21.
Lawrence N. Powell, “Slouching Toward Baton Rouge: The 1989 Legislative Election of David Duke,” in
The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race
, ed. Douglas D. Rose (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992).

22.
Beth Rickey, a Louisiana Republican Party Central Committee member, in multiple discussions with author 1989–1991. Also see Elizabeth A. Rickey, “The Nazi and the Republicans: An Insider View of the Response of the Republican Party to David Duke,” in
The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race
.

23.
Duke, “Duke Gives Rousing Speech,” p. 9.

24.
“Bill Elder’s Journal,” WWL-TV New Orleans, April 2, 1989, from videotape of program.

25.
Beth Rickey, discussions with author.

26.
Lance Hill, insight, recollections, and writings shared with author.

27.
Don Morgan, “Eliminating David Duke,”
Avant!
, March 23, 1990, published by Tulane University.

28.
Chalmers,
Hooded Americanism
, pp. 314–16.

29.
Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism, opinion poll conducted during July 1989, questions no. 82 and 83.

30.
David Duke, “Bill Elder’s Journal,” WWL-TV, April 2, 1989.

31.
Lance Hill, “The Influence of National Socialist Political Theory in the Contemporary Political Thought of David Duke,” n.d. This document was circulated by LCARN as part of a resource packet and rewritten and published as “Nazi Race Doctrine in the Political Thought of David Duke,” in
The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race
, ed. Douglas D. Rose.

32.
Beth Rickey, “The Nazi and the Republicans: An Insider View of the Response of the Republican Party to David Duke.” Rickey provided author with a draft copy of the resolution.