Authors: Frederick Rebsamen
H
AVING
PUBLICLY REMINDED
Hrothulf of his duty to her two young sonsâas she later solicits Beowulf's help with themâWealhtheow turns to where they sit with Beowulf and presents him with further rewards, including a gold neck-ring compared by the
Beowulf
poet with the legendary Brosinga necklace in one of his briefest and most obscure allusions. Drawing upon both history and legend, we may think of Hama as having stolen this great collar or torque from Eormenric (the historic Gothic king Ermanaric) and carried it to the “bright city” where he chose “eternal glory”âprobably a reference to his acceptance of Christianity. We then have the first of several references to Hygelac's later invasion of the lower Rhine, where he is killed. Though Beowulf later presents this neck-ring to Hygd, the poet here says that Hygelac wore it on his fatal expedition.
 | A cup was offered in kind friendship |
 | with terms of welcome then twisted gold |
 | placed before him fine arm-bracelets |
 | corselets and garments with the greatest neck-ring |
 | of all on this earth that ever I heard of. |
 | No tales have told of a treasure so rich |
 | a finer hoard-ring since Hama carried |
 | to that bright city the Brosinga necklace, |
1200 | famed gold-marvel, fled with that treasure |
 | from Eormenric's torment to eternal glory. |
 | That neck-ring was worn by war-King Hygelac |
 | Swerting's nephew when he sailed from home |
 | led a plunder-raid on his last voyage |
 | fought for war-booty. Wyrd took him then |
 | when boasting with pride he brought to them all |
 | death among Frisians. He ferried that treasure |
 | studded with gemstones over seething wave-rolls |
 | fated king-warriorâhe fell beneath his shield. |
1210 | To the Franks he left his lifeless body |
 | gold-laced mailcoat and glorious neck-ring. |
 | Then lesser warriors looted that treasure |
 | as he lay battle-shorn lord of the Geatsâ |
 | he paid for that pride. |
 |                                    Applause filled the hall |
 | as Wealhtheow spoke stood before her guest: |
 | “Have luck with this neck-ring beloved Beowulf |
 | accept these gifts gold-gleaming treasures |
 | and use them wellâmay you win always |
 | make known your strength and save for these boys |
1220 | wise counsel-wordsâI'll reward you for that. |
 | You have earned such fame that from far and near |
 | in this wide middle-earth men will honor you |
 | as far as the sea circles this windyard |
 | these high cliffwalls. Keep while you live |
 | peace with your courage. I'll repay you for that |
 | with bright treasure-gifts. Be to my sons |
 | a gentle hero with joy in your heart. |
 | Each man at this feast is faithful to all |
 | loyal to his lord loving in mindthoughtsâ |
1230 | these thanes are together good men and strong |
 | these drunken warriors do as I bid them.” |
 | She sat then to banquet the best of feasting |
 | warmed with wine-cupsâwarriors rejoiced |
 | unwary of their fate waiting for destiny |
 | like friends before them at failing of day |
 | when Hrothgar left them to lie in his bower |
 | went to his rest. War-Danes guarded |
 | the darkening meadhall as in days gone by. |
 | They cleared the bench-planks, brought for sleeprest |
1240 | bedding and bolsters. A beer-drinker there |
 | ready for his doom rested among them. |
 | They set by their heads where hands could reach them |
 | bright linden-shieldsâon benches above them |
 | over sleeping warriors weapons were ready |
 | hard mask-helmets hand-locked corselets |
 | stout-shafted spears. They were seldom caught |
 | unready for war waking or sleeping |
 | at home or afield held themselves ready |
 | for their lord's command moments of swordplay |
1250 | their war-sovereign's needsâthey were worthy men. |
 | They sank to their sleep. One sorely paid |
 | for his evening slumber like others before him |
 | since Grendel came to them greedy hall-watcher |
 | rage in his blood till he blundered at last |
 | death came to him. The Danes discovered |
 | that one still living waited for that night |
 | slouched through the shadows searching for revenge |
 | grim murder-fiendâGrendel's hell-mother |
 | bereaved monster-wife mourned for her child. |
1260 | She was damned to hide in a dark water-home |
 | cold wildwood stream since Cain murdered |
 | his only brother-kin beat down to earth |
 | his father's son-child. He was sent for that |
 | marked with murder from man's company |
 | banished to wasteland. Then woke from his loins |
 | misbegotten monsters. Among them was Grendel |
 | hate-hearted fiend who found at Heorot |
 | a waking strength-warrior waiting in that hall. |
 | Grendel grabbed him grappled his handâ |
1270 | but mindful of power the mercy of his strength |
 | that bountiful gift from God's kingdom |
 | the warrior caught him clamped in his fingers |
 | that great claw-hand crushed that night-killer |
 | gripped him to death. Grendel went slinking |
 | crossed the moorland to his cold death-cavern |
 | exiled from mercy. Then his mother sorrowed |
 | grieved for her child greedy for man-blood |
 | went prowling for vengeance payment for her son. |
 | She came then to Heorot where careless Shield-Danes |
1280 | slumbered peacefully. They soon found there |
 | the old night-torture when in through the door |
 | came Grendel's mother. Her great warrior-strength |
 | was less than her son's as little as a woman's |
 | is weaker in warfare than a weaponed man's |
 | when bloodied swordblades smith-hammered edges |
 | slash helmet-crowns hard over boar-crests |
 | gold-handled swords slash against helmets. |
 | Sleeping warriors woke to the fight |
 | reached for swordblades raised linden-shields |
1290 | hoisted their weaponsâhelmets and corselets |
 | were left by the benches in that lunging raid. |
 | She yearned to leave them longed to be away |
 | flee with her life when they found her thereâ |
 | quickly she snared a single warrior |
 | fastened in her claws as she fled to the moor. |
 | That ill-fated Dane was dearest to Hrothgar |
 | of all warriors in that wide kingdom |
 | powerful guardian plucked from his rest |
 | bountiful thane. Nor was Beowulf there |
1300 | who slept through the night in a separate bower |
 | champion of the Geats with his great treasures. |
 | Sorrow came to Heorotâshe snatched from the gable |
 | that high-hung monster-armâhorror came back then |
 | to the wakening death-hall. It was woeful bargaining |
 | each party to pay the price of slaughter |
 | with a loved-one's life. |
 |                                    That forlorn treasure-king, |
 | sorrow-gripped lord, sang a mourning-song |
 | grieved for his heart-thane hearth-friend and warrior |
 | a king's counselor killed in his hall. |
1310 | Quickly was Beowulf battle-weary guest |
 | called to his bower. At breaking of day |
 | he went with his shieldmen walked through the dawn |
 | to the king's rest houseâthat bereft throne-warden |
 | wondered in misery if the Wielder of us all |
 | ever would spare them save them from fiendgrief. |
 | Then Hygelac's thane with hand-chosen warriors |
 | crossed the floor-planks clinked an armor-song |
 | stood before the king sorrowing Dane-lord |
 | asked if his night-rest had eased his suffering |
1320 | if the breaking of Grendel had brought peace to him. |
 | Hrothgar answered helm of the Shield-Danes: |
 | “Don't ask about happiness! Horror has come back |
 | to the Danes in Heorot. Dead is Aeschere |
 | good Yrmenlaf's guide and blood-brother |
 | my closest adviser counsel to us all |
 | shoulder-companion when shields were hoisted |
 | defender of my life when foot-warriors clashed |
 | and helmets were struck. So should a man be |
 | always beside us as Aeschere was! |
1330 | He found in Heorot a hell-spawned murderer |
 | restless hand-killer. From our high meadhall |
 | that slaughter-stained spirit has sought her mere-cave |
 | I know not where. She now has avenged |
 | the felling of Grendel that feud you began |
 | with violent grappling that great handgrip |
 | that settled our account for those cold death-years |
 | the closing of Heorot. He cringed at your hand |
 | went dying through the night and now this she-fiend |
 | has avenged her monster-son vicious man-killerâ |
1340 | too far she has carried this feud over blood-kin |
 | it seems to us all aching in our minds |
 | weeping for Aeschere warrior of my heart |
 | high-minded hall-thaneânow his hand is idle |
 | that once granted us each wish and command. |
 | I have heard evening-tales hearth-talk of scouts |
 | of hall-messengers hailing from abroad |
 | that they have sighted a solitary pair |
 | monstrous moor-walkers moving through shadows |
 | sorrowful fen-spirits. They say that one of them |
1350 | misshapen exile is most like a womanâ |
 | the wanderer with her woefully deformed |
 | prowled the march-tracks manlike to their eyes |
 | yet bigger by far than the best of warriors. |
 | In times long past tenders of the land |
 | named him Grendel. No one can say |
 | what creatures spawned them their kin in this world. |
 | They live secretly in a sombre land |
 | dwell by wolf-slopes wind-tortured bluffs |
 | gloomy fen-hollows where a forested stream |
1360 | dives from the bluffs down past earthlight |
 | flows underground. Not far from Heorot |
 | measured in miles the mere lies hiddenâ |
 | reaching above it with rime-covered branches |
 | strong-rooted trees stretch from rock-slopes. |
 | At night may be seen a strange wonder-sightâ |
 | fire on the water. No wiseman lives |
 | who knows the bottom of that black monster-home. |
 | Though the heath-prancer by hounds labored |
 | the strong-antlered hart may seek life-haven |
1370 | driven from afar he will die beside it |
 | forfeit his life there for fear of crossing |
 | plunging his head in that hell-cursed water. |
 | A surging of waves swirls to the clouds |
 | when whistling winds come whirling in anger |
 | to that sorrowful placeâthe sky hangs gloomy |
 | and the heavens weep. Our hope for mercy |
 | lies only in your help. The home of these fiends |
 | dark moor-cavern monsters' water-den |
 | is not far from Heorot. Find it if you dare! |
1380 | I will reward you with weapons and gold |
 | ancient treasure-gifts time-tested corselets |
 | as I earlier did if you answer this plea.” |
 | Beowulf spoke son of Ecgtheow: |
 | “Do not grieve, old battle-king! It is better for all |
 | to fight for our friends than fall into mourning. |
 | Each one among us shall mark the end |
 | of this worldly life. Let him who may |
 | earn deeds of glory before death takes himâ |
 | after life-days honor-fame is best. |
1390 | Arise, good guardian let us go quickly |
 | to find the moor-tracks of that murdering fiend. |
 | I promise you firmly she will find no safety |
 | in the earth's caverns or the cold forest-moundsâ |
 | nowhere in this land will she live for long! |
 | At this painful dawning have patience with sorrow |
 | bear your death-grief in your deep-wounded heart.” |
 | Up stood the king called to his God then |
 | thanked him for the words that warrior had spoken. |
 | Then for Hrothgar a horse was saddled |
1400 | curly-maned war-steed. The wise Dane-leader |
 | went forth in splendor. Warriors advanced |
 | marched from the hall. The monstrous tracks |
 | were easy to follow on the narrow path |
 | where that loveless creature loped through the trees |