B009YBU18W EBOK (87 page)

Remnants of the Grande Armée drifting into Vilna on 9 December, sketched by Jan Krzysztof Damel. Note the variety of bizarre raiments, including liturgical vestments, with which they have supplemented their uniforms.

Charles de Flahault, one of Napoleon’s aides-de-camp, carrying his servant David up the slope of Ponary outside Vilna, assisted by his secretary Boileau.Alerted to the fact that David had collapsed at the foot of the slope, Flahault had gone back to fetch him.By the time he arrived, the man’s boots had been stolen by a needy soldier.David could only wail: ‘
Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu!
’ as he was carried up, and died before they reached the top. A painting by Horace Vernet, executed under Flahault’s direction.

‘I cannot render the horror that overpowered me this morning,’ Chicherin wrote in his diary on 20 December, after visiting one of the improvised prisons in Vilna.Returning to his billet, he painted this watercolour, in which one can see corpses being thrown out of the ‘hospital’ windows, and others being carted away on a sledge, while emaciated French soldiers fight amongst themselves or wander aimlessly, wearing, in the case of one of them, little more than a horse-blanket.

1.
  Troitskii,
Otechestvennaia Voina
, 3.

2.
  Orlando Figes,
Natasha’s Dance
, London 2002, 81.

3.
  Pokrovskii, III/181–93; Troitskii,
Otechestvennaia Voina
, 30–1.

4.
  Troitskii,
Otechestvennaia Voina
, 37–45; Tarle,
Napoleon
, 419–20; Tarle,
Nashestvie
, 3, 4, 292–3.

1.
  Chevalier, 144.

2.
  Castellane, I/83.

3.
  Savary, V/148.

4.
  Ségur, III/449.

5.
  Méneval, II/436; Hortense II/127. On the birth of the King of Rome, see also: Las Cases, I, Part 2, 350–2; O’Meara, II/368; Savary, V/146–9; Raza, 202–6; Castellane, I/83; Kemble, 182–4; Rambuteau, 55–6.

6.
  Dwyer, 129–30.

7.
  Ségur, III/74.

8.
  Driault,
Grand Empire
, 126, 127, 231.

9.
  Herold, 245, 243; Fouché, II/114.

10.
  Savary, V/149.

11.
  Comeau de Charry, 440; see also Ségur, IV/78–9.

12.
  Rambuteau, 70; also Napoleon,
Mémoires
, VIII/150; Las Cases, IV, Part 1, 8–14.

13.
  Fain,
Mémoires
, 286–7; Kemble, 165, 170. Ségur (III/476) claims that Napoleon was aware of this and was therefore in a hurry to deal with Russia while he could.

1.
  Deutsch, 17.

2.
  Madariaga,
Russia in the Age of Catherine
, 231.

3.
  Hosking, Russia
and the Russians
, 109.

4.
  Voenskii,
Bonapart i Russkie Plennie;
see also Ragsdale.

5.
  Kartsov & Voenskii, 7.

6.
  Alexander I,
Uchebnia Knigi
, 382–3.

7.
  Hartley,
Alexander
, 1. See also Ratchinski, 55; Deutsch, 43.

8.
  Ratchinski, 121; Dzhivelegov et al., I/200–1; Fonvizin, 94.

9.
  Hartley,
Alexander
, 74.

10.
  Ley, 42; Bazylow, in Senkowska-Gluck; see also Kveta Mejdricka,
Les Paysans Tchèqes et la Révolution Française
in
Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française
, no. 154, Nancy 1958.

11.
  Hartley,
Alexander
, 76.

12.
  For Tilsit, see Tatistchev, 379–459, and Vandal, I/224ff.

13.
  Alexander I,
Corr. avec sa soeur
, 18–19.

14.
  Many, like Grech, 260, and Davidov, 59, claim that Alexander was not taken in, but Alexander admitted to Mme de Staël that he had fallen under the spell: Staël, 215. See also Palmer,
Napoleon in Russia
, 136–7 & 147–9.

15.
  Palmer,
Alexander
, 149, 150; Ratchinski, 124; Edling, 60–2; Ley, 32.

16.
  Vandal, I/217.

17.
  Caulaincourt, I/242.

18.
  Vandal, I/195.

19.
  Roberts, 16; Herold, 48; Pradt, 19.

20.
  Sokolov, Nov – Dec, 44; Las Cases, III/165; Vandal I/224ff; Talleyrand, 313, 356; Driault, Tilsit, 291.

21.
  Vandal I/242; Tatistchev, 312–13.

22.
  Vandal I/441, 456–7.

23.
  Golovin, 391; Shilder,
Nakanunie
, 4–20; Alexander I,
Corr. avec sa soeur
, 20.

24.
  Caulaincourt, I/273.

25.
  Ibid., 270; see also Tatistchev, 379–459.

26.
  Vandal, I/421; Grunwald,
Alexandre Ier, 176
.

1.
  Senkowska-Gluck, 274; Ernouf, 105.

2.
  Ramm, 69.

3.
  Driault,
Tilsit
, 241; see also Ramm, Servières, Cavaignac, Ernouf, etc.

4.
  Driault,
Grand Empire
, 188–9.

5.
  Comeau de Charry, 318–19; Bruun, 174.

6.
  Bruun, 174; Grunwald,
Baron Stein
, 94.

7.
  Driault,
Tilsit
, 348.

8.
  Vandal, II/447.

9.
  Langsam, 32, 103, 44, 64.

10.
  Kraehe, I/74; Langsam, 43.

11.
  Palmer,
Alexander
, 195.

12.
  Roberts, 83.

13.
  Bruun, 64; Bismarck, 13.

14.
  Chernyshev, 205; Vandal, III/201ff; Herold, 182.

1.
  For the planned Russian marriage and the Austrian marriage, see: Vandal; Driault,
Grand Empire;
Caulaincourt, I/293–316.

2.
  Nicholas Mikhailovich, IV/50–7.

3.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XX/149–54.

4.
  Ibid., 157.

5.
  Ibid., 159.

6.
  Ratchinski, 21–2, 33.

7.
  Volkonskii, 4.

8.
  Ibid., 55; Davidov, 56.

9.
  Dzhivelegov et al., II/205.

10.
  Ibid., 194–220; Ratchinski, 284.

11.
  Scott, 5–6.

12.
  Kartsov & Voenskii, 50–1.

13.
  Czartoryski, II/221, 227, 231; Askenazy, 218–20; Dzivelegov et al., III/138.

14.
  Czartoryski, II/231, 323–4, 225.

15.
  Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/3.

16.
  Palmer,
Alexander
, 199.

17.
  Czartoryski, II/248–53; Josselson, 77; 1812
god v Vospominaniakh sovremennikov
, 78; Fabry,
Campagne de Russie
, I/iff; Czartoryski, II/271–8.

18.
  Bestuzhev-Riumin,
Zapiski
, 341; Palmer, Alexander, 200.

19.
  Bignon, Souvenirs, 46ff; Bonnal, 3, 4–12; Las Cases, II, Part 1, 99; Brandys, II/25.

20.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXI/407; XXII/29; Shuvalov, 416; Chernyshev, 21, 72.

21.
  Chernyshev, 84; Kukiel,
Vues, 77
.

22.
  Caulaincourt, I/281–96.

23.
  Ibid., 293.

24.
  Ibid., 302, 307, 316.

25.
  Alexander, Corr.
avec sa soeur
, 51.

26.
  Savary, V/140–1.

27.
  Vandal, III/209–17; Tatistchev, 572–3.

28.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
XXII/266.

29.
  Ibid., 40–1; Las Cases, II, Part 1, 101.

1.
  Gary W. Kronk,
Cometography
, vol. 2, 1996, www.Cometography.com

2.
  Déchy, 364; Butkevicius, 898; Chamski, 61; Butenev, 58;
1812 god v Vospominaniakh sovremennikov
, 172; F. Glinka,
Pisma russkavo ofitsera
, IV/8; S. N. Glinka,
Zapiski
, 261; Palmer,
Alexander
, 206–7; Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, III/41.

3.
  Metternich, II/422.

4.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/191.

5.
  Thévenin, 292.

6.
  Nafziger, 27.

7.
  Ibid., 85ff; Creveld, 62–3; Dedem, 210; Bonnal, 21; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/432.

8.
  Chernyshev, 116–20;
La Guerre Nationale
, III/97–9.

9.
  Jerome, V/247; Dedem, 194; Compans, 126; Rapp, 139; Driault,
Grand Empire
, 300–2; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXXIII/14–16, 44–6, etc.

10.
  Chambray, I/162; Funck, 99.

11.
  Holzhausen, 27.

12.
  Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, III/141; Holzhausen, 27.

13.
  Kukiel,
Wojna
, II/500. Pradt (84) gives a figure of 85,700, but he was probably not counting the Legion of the Vistula.

14.
  Laugier,
Récits
, 15–16.

15.
  Combe, 58, etc.

16.
  Borcke, 161, 171; Jerome, V/188.

17.
  Comeau de Charry, 428; Soltyk, 207; see also Sauzey,
Les Allemands;
Wesemann, 25ff.

18.
  Begos, 175; Boppe
La Légion Portugaise
, 215–27; Castellane, I/178; Boppe
La Croatie Militaire
, 95–120.

19.
  Calosso, 51; Zelle, 69.

20.
  Saint-Chamans, 211–12; Fredro, 82.

21.
  Thirion, 147; Pion des Loches, 27.

22.
  Lejeune,
Mémoires, II
/170.

23.
  Funck, 99–100; Berthézène, I/329.

24.
  Beyle,
Vie de Napoléon
, 227; Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/46.

25.
  Berthézène, I/328.

26.
  Funck, 103; see also Baudus, I/336; Ségur, IV/124.

27.
  Girard, 169–70.

28.
  Voltaire, 8; Comeau de Charry, 436; Jerome, V/165.

29.
  Caulaincourt, II/378.

30.
  Brandys, II/42; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/95, 398; Tulard,
Le Dépôt de la Guerre
, 104–9.

31.
  Blaze de Bury, I/154–5.

32.
  Brett-James, 57–8.

33.
  Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/432.